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The COVID-19 pandemic is characterised by active law-making processes aimed at health care and support of different categories of population in many countries in the world. Starting from 2019, due to negative demographic trends, Russia has experienced the active transformation of the state support system for families having children. This trend has strengthened during the pandemic. Our research aims to analyse the internal characteristics of the family policy, namely the state support for families having children, during the year preceding pandemic and within the pandemic period. We consider the dynamics of the family policy architecture by means of Institutional Grammar Tool (IGT) analysis and demonstrate the opportunities for using the results of such analyses in the highly dynamic situation of the COVID-19 pandemic.
We analysed 11 federal legal acts adopted in Russia after January 1, 2020 that addressed parents and offered support for families with children. These acts contain 78 institutional statements that we coded in accordance with the IGT rules, defining the attributes, objects, deontics and conditions in each sentence. Our results are as follows: 1) Russian family policy before and during COVID-19 pandemic can be divided into three stages, including the short-term second stage from the beginning of 2020 to the beginning of the pandemic. The most obvious changes in the three stages are seen in terms of the Objects and Conditions of the institutional statements. At the second and third stages we see a major expansion of support receivers (the Objects) as well as changes in the Conditions for the benefits gain. Conditions vary greatly and differ in terms of regularity of measure and the type of the payment granted; 2) Legal acts adopted do not always indicate clear Attributes, i.e., the subjects (federal and regional authorities) responsible for the implementation of the particular rule sometimes can hinder the implementation of the regulation; 3) Classification of the parameters of the main support measures in the framework and categories of the IGT analyses lead us to the probable concept of the information policy that would be clear to the beneficiaries of support measures.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of Russia-China strategic partnership in the context of decoupling and rivalry of USA and China. The author revises popular amongst Western experts idea that Russia-China contingence started after decline in relations between Russia and the West in the XXI century. Instead, the author argues that Russia (Soviet Union) –China partnership is a result of long-term and systematic contingence that started in the 1980s. Trigger for that was US-China Rapprochement in the 1970s – a process, which took Soviet leadership over a rough road at the final stage of the cold war and stimulated it to the search of normalization of relations with China, its neighbor with a vast land border. However, later Russia-China relations had been developing regardless of the American factor – a fact that proves mutual interest of both Russia and China in cooperation. Russia-China relations level reached its peak in the period when both Russia and China benefited from relations with the USA and so-called "Global West", so it can not be concluded that their partnership is the result of worsening relations with the West only. Nevertheless, it's obvious that currently geopolitical and sanctions pressure of the USA towards both Russia and China brings them even closer to each other but it is still not the prime cause of Russia-China partnership. Assessing the prospects of Russia-China partnership one should take into the consideration that even in the case of the US-China new rapprochement Russia and China would continue to be the key economic partners for each other (especially in the context of energy trade, technology transfer and cargo transportation via Eurasia and Northern Sea Route) so that their partnership would develop regardless of situational changes in their relations with the West.

A variety of psychological traditions and methodological approaches formed a body of human error research in different parts of Europe. This book overviews some of the traditions that have grown in West European countries and Russia, with a strong emphasis on contextual approaches. For the very first time, West European readers will have access to a Russian literature in this area. Western and Eastern psychologists are linked by common psychological roots but disciplines evolved in completely different conditions regarding the material possibilities to collect data, diffuse ideas, and finance research, not to mention the respective political, legal, and socioeconomic frameworks. Authors outline and illustrate the convergence that emerged between the two traditions. This book is a unique reference text for graduate students and university libraries. Its rich content, and its empirical approaches will also be of interest to those who are undertaking research and practising in the fields of human error, safety, reliability, human factors, industrial hygiene, safety and health at work, and the legal profession

The article presents a historical analysis of precious metals and their significance from the point of view of monetary policy. In particular, a set of scientific works of contemporaries for a full-fledged representation of the historical development of precious metals in Russia is analyzed, and the identification of the reasons for changing a particular standard with the involvement of archival sources and modern literature is described.

The regulatory framework for mining operations is complex; the licensing process in particular typically involves several laws and a number of permits. This paper assumes that the regulatory framework is strongly influenced by the institutional framework of which it is part, and that it suffers from an institutional path dependence that may decrease the efficiency of the system as well as act barrier to the implementation of necessary environmental requirements. The paper provides: 1) a legal analysis of the regulatory framework governing mining operations in Sweden, Finland and Russia; and 2) a comparative analysis of the scope of the environmental assessment within the licensing process in the examined countries. The result of the analysis of the regulatory frameworks shows great similarity between the Swedish and the Finnish systems, both in terms of the overall structure and the implementation of substantive environmental rules. The Russian system differs in this respect, with more declarative rules and seemingly less substantive assessments. The results also indicate that the regulatory frameworks in all three countries show signs of institutional path dependence, but in very different degrees. Though Russia has indeed implemented major changes in the formal structure, very little has changed in practice. The Swedish regulatory framework for mining shows a deficient systematics and conflicting objectives, despite the implementation of a comprehensive environmental legislation. The recently reformed Finnish system seems to have a more holistic approach. ; Validerad; 2015; Nivå 1; 20150417 (mariap)

Security Handbook is a series on regional security developments and cooperation. Security Handbook 2008 turns its face to Asia. India, Russia, and particularly China have become new challengers for the regional East Asian order. Distinguished analysts from the region, the U.S. and Europe reflect on causes, results and tendencies of recent power shifts. The analyses hint at risks and chances to employ the capability of emerging powers for the sake of regional stability and cooperation. Ironically, Russia's, India's and also China's rises offer fewer risks than opportunities for resolving bilateral and regional conflicts and for mastering global challenges in a regional context. The provided picture is completed by reviewing the two "hot spots" in East Asia, and by a discussion of whether there should be a shaping role for a European actor or mediator in the region. A statistical appendix provides facts and figures for additional reference. The Editor, Prof. Dr. Dr. Hans J. Giessmann, is the Deputy Director of the Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy (IFSH) in Hamburg and Head of the Centre for European Peace and Security Studies (ZEUS). He is editor of the research book series "Demokratie, Sicherheit, Frieden" and member of the advisory board of the security-political journal "S+F. Sicherheit und Frieden – Security and Peace"

This article examines the development of civil society in Russia. We argue that cultural and societal norms, which developed during the Soviet period, have continued to shape civil society arrangements in the post-Soviet period. We examine how parallel to recent changes in Russia's economic, political and legal environment, shifts in Russia's contemporary civil society arrangements have occurred. We argue that, similar to a Russian-style democracy and market economy, Russian-style civil society arrangements are clearly emerging. These changes are explained by the cultural–historic legacies of both the Soviet Union and the subsequent peculiarities of Russia's economic, social and political transformations since the collapse of the Soviet Union. In this Russian variant of civil society, its agents have developed and continue to maintain strong and dependent relationships on the state.

The article examines the financial behavior of Russian customers of Sberbank of Russia. As an information base of the study, we use aggregated open data on the behavior of the Bank's customers in all regions of Russia.The author characterizes the key trends of financial behavior of Russians, pointing to the growth of the tendency to saving.The article describes two models of financial behavior of the Bank's customers. In the first, citizens are focused on the widespread use of credit funds, regardless of their own income. The second involves a more rational attitude to finance and is determined by the size of the average wage. The article concludes about the low financial literacy of Russians, which is manifested in the use of such inefficient financial instruments as bank deposit for savings and investments. The author points out that only a small part of Russians have formulated a financial strategy, a comprehensive plan of personal investments using a wide range of tools such as individual investment account, mutual funds, stock and bond markets.At the end of the article, some aspects of regional specifics of financial behavior are considered. Subjects of the Russian Federation are analyzed through the prism of the volume of bank deposits, expenses on plastic bank cards, the volume and number of mortgage and consumer loans.