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Introduction: Schizophrenia is a disabling mental illness that affects the quality of life of both the sufferer and their caretakers. Research has shown that quick diagnosis and treatment of the first episode is associated with better prognosis. Objective: In this paper, the design and evaluation of a community intervention for early detection of the first episode of psychosis in three sectors of the country (municipalities of Iquique, La Granja and El Bosque) is described. Materials and Methods: For the evaluation, a qualitative, ethnographic methodology was used, based in semi-structured and group interviews with different categories of participants (teachers, coordinators, medical professionals and non-medical professionals). Results: Evaluation of this intervention shows that the objectives were fulfilled unequally. A high level of participation was obtained from doctors and teachers, and the training was positively evaluated. Conclusions: The main recommendations were, 1) obtain political support (local health authorities), 2) create and manage close relationships within the research team, and 3) modify the intervention to serve the needs and values of each community. ; Introducción: La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad mental que genera discapacidad, afectando la calidad de vida de la persona y de sus cuidadores. Las investigaciones demuestran que un menor tiempo de psicosis no tratada durante el primer episodio se asocia con un mejor pronóstico. Objetivo: En este trabajo se describe el diseño y evaluación de proceso de una intervención comunitaria para la detección precoz del primer episodio de psicosis, que fue aplicada en tres sectores del país (comunas de Iquique, La Granja y El Bosque) ligados a un servicio de salud mental. Material y método: Para la evaluación se utilizó una metodología cualitativa de tipo etnográfica, basada en entrevistas semi-estructuradas y entrevistas grupales con los diferentes tipos de participantes (profesores, coordinadores, profesionales médicos y no médicos). Resultados: La ...

Los retos de lograr el desarrollo sostenible en los agroecosistemas cubanos en que se desempean los profesionales de las ciencias agrcolas, constituye una prioridad del Estado y el Gobierno cubanos. Por tanto, se requiere del desarrollo de un proceso formativo en la carrera de Agronoma que tenga en cuenta la lgica resultante de las cualidades: perceptibilidad reflexibilidad integrabilidad agroambientales, de manera que se asegure una cultura agroambiental, distintiva de este profesional en su desempeo y actuacin, lo que significar que se logre el sentido de pertenencia hacia el medio ambiente y el desarrollo sostenible, de compartir los objetivos personales con los sociales, de desarrollar sentimientos, cualidades humanas y valores ticos, que se expresen en el ideal de comportamiento humano respecto a las relaciones naturaleza hombre sociedad - medio ambiente - desarrollo sostenible. PALABRAS CLAVE: Cultura ambiental; desarrollo sostenible; ecosistemas agrcolas THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CULTURE FROM THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF THE CAREER OF AGRONOMY ABSTRACT The challenges of achieving the sustainable development in the ecosystems of Cuba in that the professionals of the agricultural sciences, it constitutes a priority of the State and the Cuban Government. Therefore, it is required of the development of a formative process in the career of Agronomy that keeps in mind the resulting logic of the environmental qualities in the agricultural means, so that makes sure a culture, distinctive of this professional in their acting and performance, what will mean that the sense of ownership is achieved toward the environment and the sustainable development, of sharing the personal objectives with the social ones, of developing feelings, human qualities and ethical values that are expressed in the ideal of human behavior regarding the relationships nature - man - society - environment - develop sustainable. KEYWORDS: environmental culture; develop sustainable; agricultural ecosystems

Best practice recommendations, stemming from evidence based medicine, are part of a well versed process aiming to claim medical legitimacy based on science and are used as policy tools in practice. How do they relate to professional values, and to the practice of medicine?This question is examined within the framework of recommendations regarding the treatment, control and prevention of arterial hypertension (AH) in general practice which can be said to exemplify the construction of a public health risk.The first part of this work is centred on the origins of evidence based medicine, and the way in which it brings continuity as well as change to the relationships between: medical professionals; the institution of medicine and the state; doctors and patients.The second part, a microsociological study of GP consultations with hypertensive patients, shows that recommendations are used to reinforce the doctor's efforts to increase patients' awareness of AH and the ensuing cardiovascular risks. However, GPs use their influence over a long time period and, influenced by their patients, they negotiate, compromise and even disregard some of the best practice recommendations, considering that what may not be achievable in the present, may be achievable in the long term. Recommendations are therefore used in practice in hybrid form, where science is merged with an adaptation to each unique situation. The 'average patient' as the basic unit of evidence based medicine is opposed with the social reality of an individual with a certain level of autonomy and resources whose trust the doctor needs to gain and maintain. ; Les recommandations de bonne pratique, issues de la médecine des preuves, s'insèrent dans un processus ancien visant à asseoir la légitimité médicale sur la science et se sont déployées en tant qu'instrument politique de rationalisation des pratiques.Comment rencontrent-elles les valeurs professionnelles et l'exercice de la médecine ?La question est traitée dans le cadre de la médecine générale et de ...

This thesis focuses – at the national level – on the transformations of ice hockey from 1986 (attribution of Winter Olympic Games to France) to 2006 (separation between ice hockey and FFSG). This is a socio-historical work which focus on federal structures and their transformations, and the evolution of the Commission Nationale de Hockey sur Glace (CNHG), especially with regards to the implementation of the professionalisation of this sport in the last twenty years. The analysis, in addition of the overall strategy, must include the actors' strategies within the federal space (CNHG and FFSG) and their power relationships, the ideological underpinnigs of theirs actions, but also take into account the national sports context with the development of sports shows and star-system during the 1980s. It will also analyse the professional structuration of ice hockey: professional league, status of clubs, labor unions (players, clubs, referees), management control and its international position with the consequences of the Bosman case (1995) and the Malaja case (2002). ; Cette thèse s'intéresse – au niveau national – aux transformations du hockey sur glace sur une période allant de 1986 (date de l'obtention des Jeux Olympiques d'Hiver de 1992 à la France) à 2006 (date de la scission entre le hockey sur glace et la FFSG). Il s'agit d'un travail socio-historique qui portera son attention sur les structures fédérales (et leurs transformations) et sur l'évolution de la politique de la Commission Sportive Nationale de Hockey sur Glace (CNHG), notamment en ce qui concerne la mise en spectacle et la professionnalisation de ce sport au cours de la période que nous avons définie précédemment. Nous nous intéresseront également aux clubs évoluant (ou ayant évolué) en première division. L'analyse, outre la stratégie globale, doit comprendre les jeux d'acteurs au sein de l'espace fédéral (CNHG et FFSG) et leurs rapports de force, les soubassements idéologique de l'action dans le cadre fédéral, mais aussi tenir compte du contexte ...

The use of coercion in psychiatry involves clinical, legal, scientific, ethical and emotional considerations. This thesis represents an attempt to further increase our understanding of some empirical aspects of this phenomenon. Interviews with 202 involuntarily admitted psychiatric patients and 201 voluntarily admitted patients and 295 of their next of kins were performed and analysed together with data from records and assessments made by professionals. Data was collected during two different periods of time with a compulsory psychiatric care law reform in between. Experience of at least one coercive measure was more common amongst patients who had been committed during the most recent legislation. Otherwise there were no differences in patient experiences during the different laws. Subjective short-term outcome was associated with having a contact person at the ward and being subjectively treated well. There were no relationships between subjective and assessed outcome or between legal status, perceived coercion at admission and subjective or assessed improvement. The changed legislation had no clear effect on the attitudes of patients and next of kins towards coercion. A majority of patients were able to accurately answer the question whether they had been restrained by belt or not during a specific treatment episode. Nineteen of 115 patients reported they had been restrained by belt. Eleven of these cases were true positive and 8 cases were false positive. In conclusion, the main results were first that when it comes to issues related to psychiatric coercion there are typically considerable differences between how these are perceived and interpreted by the professional and by the patient, and second that efforts made to change the face of psychiatric coercion in the minds of patients as well as the public on part of public policymakers have had limited effects.

This study deals with the territorial divisions used by the social integration policies to fight social insecurity. The superimposing (or not) of theses territorial divisions and the reason why they do exist are the two principle themes of this research. Analysing both social policy led by the "départements" and urban policy ("Politique de la Ville") in Ile-de-France helps focusing on the relationships between the principle defining these divisions and the way they are actually materialized. It also gives the opportunity to define the exact function of these same divisions and the way people use them. All these elements are compared with the spatial distribution of urban poverty. The study is developed in four parts. Firstly, the spatial approach of these two policies is justified. In the second part, the socio-spatial divisions in Ile-de-France are highlighted and the local contexts of social insecurity are defined, at the municipality and neighbourhood levels. In the third part, we study the territorial divisions used by social policies (of departments), trying to distinguish there professional, management and political aspects. In the last part, the analysis focuses on territorial divisions in use in urban policies ("Politique de la Ville"). We observe how the municipalities incorporated by contractual agreement in a same territorial division ("Contrat de ville") cooperate. We also analyse the perception and the way the priority urban zones ("Zones Urbaines Sensibles") are implemented by the actors involved. All things considered, the distortions between these various territorial divisions seem to be less the cause than an indication of the difficulties met by the professionals and the different institutions to coordinate their policies. ; Ce travail porte sur les maillages du territoire utilisés pour mettre en œuvre l'action publique contre la précarité sociale. Il interroge la non-concordance de ces découpages et partant, cherche à comprendre les raisons d'être de chacun. A partir de l'exemple de l'action ...

The aim of this paper was to acquire a deeper understanding of the processes during which a construction of criminological knowledge is taking place and to analyse the complex relationships between experts and other agents in the formation of a particular task, that of juvenile criminal justice reform. Juvenile justice is regarded as one of the components of the Lithuanian criminal justice policy. Juvenile justice as a public policy is closely linked to various groups of experts such as lawyers, criminologists, police administrators, social workers, etc. My intention was to examine ways by which criminological knowledge has been mobilised by the Lithuanian political authorities when tasks are allocated to experts. An analytical theoretical model of public policy that included analysis at three levels (state, professionals and individual) illustrates a process during which the state mobilises criminological knowledge and certain professional groups monopolise spheres of influence. Qualitative methods (semi-structured interviews with experts), document analysis and secondary data served as major sources for the analysis of this case study. Knowledge-power discourse as a Foucaultian truism about criminology's utility to power sheds light on the mutual relationship and interaction between academics and policy makers. This relationship has yet to become a research agenda in post-soviet societies. A case-study of the Lithuanian juvenile justice reform demonstrates that criminology as a discipline is being institutionalised and is achieving an advisory role in the decision making process. On the one hand, the close connection to power creates favourable conditions for applications of legitimised academic knowledge, which consequently can encourage social change and reform. On the other hand, the adaptation of academic knowledge to that of powerful groups strengthens the historical tendency in criminology, that is, to become merely administrative and utilitarian to power.

Background: Community health workers (CHW) can screen for cardiovascular disease risk as well as health professionals using a noninvasive screening tool. However, this demonstrated success does not guarantee effective scaling of the intervention to a population level.Objectives: This study sought to report lessons learned from supervisors' experiences monitoring CHW and perceptions of other stakeholders regarding features for successful scaling of interventions that incorporate task-sharing with CHW.Methods: We conducted a qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews to explore stakeholder perceptions. Data was collected through interviews of 36 supervisors and administrators at nongovernmental organizations contracted to deliver and manage primary care services using CHW, directors, and staff at the government health care clinics, and officials from the departments of health responsible for the implementation of health policy.Results: CHW are recognized for their value in offsetting severe human resource shortages and for their expert community knowledge. There is a lack of clear definitions for roles, expectations, and career paths for CHW. Formal evaluation and supervisory systems are highly desirable but nonexistent or poorly implemented, creating a critical deficit for effective implementation of programs using task-sharing. There is acknowledgment of environmental challenges (e.g., safety) and systemic challenges (e.g., respect from trained health professionals) that hamper the effectiveness of CHW. The government-community relationships presumed to form the basis of redesigned health care services have to be supported more explicitly and consistently on both sides in order to increase the acceptability of CHW and their effectiveness.Conclusions: The criteria critical for successful scaling of CHW-led screening are consistent with evidence for scaling-up communicable disease programs. Policy makers have to commit appropriate levels of resources and political will to ensure successful scaling of this intervention.HighlightsWe surveyed stakeholders about effective integration of community health workers into primary care teams.Critical issues were effective training, evaluation tools, and clear career paths.Strong political will and sufficient resource allocation were identified as critical for success.

This book delves into the psychological and behavioral impact of the advent of digital transformation (DX) on white-collar employees in the modern organizational context. It uncovers how DX-driven uncertainty affects these workers' professional identity, self-efficacy, and job performance from a communication-centered perfective. While effective leadership can serve as a buffer, the intricate dynamics of these relationships await further exploration. To unravel these complex issues, the book employs an array of theoretical frameworks that have been tested against large, time-separated, dyadic datasets collected in Japan. In so doing, the studies introduced in this book illuminate how employees make sense of and communicate the uncertainties they face. Furthermore, it highlights a vision-driven leadership style and scrutinizes its unique attributes and limitations for addressing team members' uncertainty. This book is indispensable for executives and managers; it is a roadmap to steering digital transformation efforts without igniting resistance or conflict among frontline staff. For researchers, it's an invaluable resource for analyzing the mechanism of uncertainty management in today's fast-paced, tech-centric environments. Moreover, the book bridges the gap between interpersonal communication studies and other pivotal disciplines, such as leadership, management, organizational behavior, and social psychology in the context of stress and coping with uncertainty

"Digital media are a key part of everyday social life for international migrants. Yet, we don't know how these migrants understand and cope with the cultures and infrastructures of ubiquitous connectivity while on the move. Social Media in the Lives of Young Connected Migrants explores and theorises what it means for young migrants to live in a digital age. Presenting a richly detailed analysis of Chinese international students' everyday social media practices, the book unravels the meanings of digital connectivity in general and how contemporary mobile young generations respond to such changes. Drawing on ethnographic and interview data, this book highlights the enabling aspects of connective media in migration journeys and shows how and why young Chinese migrants manage or even resist being connected. With close attention to the diasporic, intercultural, family, and professional migrant identities and relationships, the author provides a nuanced account of living with digital media in everyday settings. Focusing on the boundary practices associated with social media, the book offers a unique analytical framework through which to capture the complex intersections of digital communication technologies and migrant social life. This volume will appeal to students and scholars interested in researching Chinese diasporas, digital migration, and youth cultures"--

"This volume draws on a trove of unpublished original material from the pre-1940s to the present to offer a unique historiographic study of twentieth-century Methodist missionary work and women's active expression of faith, practised at the critical confluence of historical and global changes. The study focuses on two English Methodist missionary nursing Sisters and siblings, Audrey and Muriel Chalkely, whose words and experiences are captured in detail, foregrounding tumultuous socio-political changes of the end of Empire and post-Independence in twentieth century Kenya and South India. The work presents a timely revision to prevailing postcolonial critiques in placing the fundamental importance of human relationships centre stage. Offering a detailed (auto)biographical and reflective narrative, this 'herstory' pivots on three main thematic strands relating to people, place and passion, where socio-cultural details are vividly explored. The book will appeal to a wide range of readers, both the interested public and the academic alike, where a lively, entertaining, literary style introduces readers to the politics of women's lives, and principle and professional service foreground ethno-class-caste oppression, emancipation, conflict, commitments and religious tensions. It reveals the human, vulnerable qualities of these women, illuminating their stories and courageous choices"--

This handbook offers a comprehensive examination of wide-ranging issues relevant to adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Coverage includes a detailed review of such issues as psychiatric comorbidity, family relationships, education, living in different settings (e.g., group homes, community), meaningful and effective interventions, functional goals (e.g., social, language, vocational, and adaptive behaviors), and curriculum. In addition the book provides unique perspectives of parents as well as individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder who have reached adulthood. Key areas of coverage include: Transitioning adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder from educational settings to vocational settings. Strategies that can help create independence for adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Effective approaches to address issues relating to sexuality for adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The effectiveness of early intensive behavioral intervention to help adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Handbook of Quality of Life for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder is an essential reference for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians, therapists, and related professionals in clinical child and school psychology, social work, behavioral therapy and related disciplines, including clinical medicine, clinical nursing, counseling, speech and language pathology, and special education

"This book examines the various film festivals where Korean cinema plays a significant role, both inside and outside of Korea, focusing on their history, structure and function, and analysis of successful festival films. Using Korean film festivals and Korean cinema at international film festivals as its primary lens, this interdisciplinary volume explores the shifting relationships between the multi-media genre of film and the fast-growing changing world of film festival cultures. It examines the changing aesthetics of Korean film in a transcultural context and historical (dis)continuity from a variety of angles from film and media studies, literary and cultural studies, Korean studies, Japanese studies, and also from film festival practice. Moreover, through comprehensive examinations of both domestic and international film festivals from the perspectives of production, distribution and marketing it highlights the reception of Korean cinema outside of Korea in an increasingly globalised industry. Featuring the contributions of expert scholars of international film and Korean cinema, in addition to interview material with a practicing film professional, this book will be of huge interest to students and scholars of Korean and Asian film and media studies, as well as those interested in the impact of film festivals more generally"--

"This book investigates repair as a contemporary expression of empowerment, agency, and resistance to our unmaking of the world and our environment. A collection of timely new scholarship, this edited volume is multidisciplinary in its approach, presenting repair as an act, metaphor, and foundation for opening up a dialogue about design's role in proposing alternative social, environmental, and economic futures. This thematically expansive and richly illustrated book, with over 100 visuals, features an international, interdisciplinary group of contributors from across the design spectrum whose voices and artwork speak to multiple forms of repair as entry points for sparking novel insights into how we might attend to our broken social and physical worlds. Organized into reparative thinking and practices, it features thirty long and short essays, photo essays, and interviews, representing projects and research by artists, designers, architects, museum professionals, sociologists, anthropologists, historians, business analysts, and entrepreneurs. Chapters focus on reparative responses to fractured systems, relationships, cities, architecture, objects, and more. Repair will encourage students, academics, researchers and practitioners in art, design and architecture practice and theory, cultural studies, environment and sustainability, to discuss, engage and rethink the act of repair and its impact on our society and environment"--