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The Assembly of Western European Union (WEU) held the second part of its fifth ordinary session in Paris from November 30 to December 3, 1959. The President of the Assembly Mr. Victoria Badini- Confalonieri (Italian Liberal), opened the first sitting with a tribute to the late John Edwards, following with an examination of the history and functions of WEU in the light of proposed changes of the organization's functions. He stated that the European Economic Community (EEC) of the Six and the Union of the Seven were complementary, rather than incompatible, as WEU's Council of Ministers could become a "clearing house" for relations between the Six and the United Kingdom, the only member of WEU that was not a member of EEC. He expressed the hope that at the next meeting of the Council of Ministers the question of the new political role of WEU would be the chief matter considered. Mr. Giuseppe Pella, Italian Foreign Minister, speaking as Chairman-in-Office of the WEU Council, stated that the Council of Ministers attached great importance to coll-laboration with the Assembly; noting that relations between the Council and the Assembly had improved since the creation of the organization, he went onto list areas that the Council had considered or was considering which concerned both organs, namely: 1) measures which would allow the Assembly a more direct share in the adoption of its budget; 2) the area of armament production; 3) the search for permanent offices for WEU; and 4) the question of transferring WEU's exercise of social and cultural activities to the Council of Europe. Regarding the latter, he stated that, in agreeing to the transfer, the Council wished merely to reduce duplication and not to detract from the Union's independence. Finally, he stressed that consultation among the Six should lead to political consultation with the United Kingdom in the WEU context, rather than ruling it out.

This section provides an overview of cases in front of the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning contract law. The present issue covers the period between the beginning of July 2014 and the end of December 2014.

: This section provides an overview of cases in front of the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning contract law. The present issue covers the period between the beginning of January 2015 and the end of June 2015.

This section provides an overview of cases in front of the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning contract law. The present issue covers the period between the beginning of September 2013 and the end of December 2013.

The paper deals with the process of fiscal integration taking place in the European Union. It is based on the hypothesis that fiscal integration in the EU is principally in the function of monetary integration and the preservation of stability of the single European currency. The objective of this paper is to analyze the relevant EU regulations in order to explain the genesis of the strengthened supranational fiscal sovereignty over the EU member states, especially during the global financial and economic crisis. It underlines the fact that, in the current stage, the comprehensive reform of the EU fiscal governance is primarily directed at the Eurozone countries.

This book evaluates the application of the first autonomous European civil procedures: the European Order for Payment and the European Small Claims Procedure. The study offers an in-depth comparative and empirical analysis of the way these instruments function in interaction with national procedures in England and Wales, France, Italy, and Romania. The analysis combines available statistics with European and national case law, together with practitioners? experience. This approach provides a comprehensive understanding of the difficulties encountered, and of the solutions chosen to overcome procedural intricacies and to secure parties? procedural rights. The findings create a solid basis for enhancing judicial cooperation and addressing the practical aspects related to the application of the procedures. In its conclusion, the book discusses the ongoing developments taking shape in this area, and reflects on the implications that the legal standards established by the European uniform procedures have for future developments

Preliminary Material /F. G. Von Der Dunk -- Introduction /F. G. Von Der Dunk -- 1. The Origins Of Authorisation: Article VI Of The Outer Space Treaty And International Space Law /F. G. Von Der Dunk -- 2. Brief Overview Over National Authorization Mechanisms In Implementation Of The UN International Space Treaties /I. Marboe and F. Hafner -- 3. Granting Access To Outer Space: Rights And Responsibilities For States And Their Citizens – An Alternative Approach To Article VI Of The Outer Space Treaty, Notably Through The Belgian Space Legislation /J.F. Mayence -- 4. Liability And Insurance In The Context Of National Authorisation /A. Kerrest De Rozavel and F. G. Von Der Dunk -- 5. Insurance In The Context Of National Authorisation /C. Gaubert -- 6. Environmental Protection And Space Debris Issues In The Context Of Authorisation /R. Tremayne-Smith -- 7. Safeguarding National Security And Foreign Policy Interests – Aspects Of Export Control Of Space Material And Technology And Remote Sensing Activities In Outer Space /M. Gerhard and M. Creydt -- 8. The Issue Of National Security In The Context Of National Space Legislation – Comparing European And Non-European States F.G. Von Der Dunk /F. G. Von Der Dunk -- 9. Space Tourism – The Authorisation Of Suborbital Space Transportation /M. Gerhard -- 10. Authorisation Of Space Activities After The Entry Into Force Of The EU Reform Treaty /B. Schmidt-Tedd -- 11. EU Competition Law And Issues Of National Authorisation Of Private Space Activities /L.J. Smith -- Index /F. G. Von Der Dunk -- Studies In Space Law /F. G. Von Der Dunk.

Cover -- Summary of Contents -- Contents -- List of Boxes, Figures and Tables -- List of Contributors -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Preface -- 1 A Multi-dimensional Crisis -- Introduction -- The Multi-dimensional Nature of the Crisis -- Origins of the Crisis -- Implications of the Crisis for the EU System -- Supplying Solutions -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 Crises in EU History -- Introduction -- Myth and Reality of the Founding Story -- From the European Defence Community to the European Economic Community -- The Crises of the 1960s -- Economic and Financial Crises Before the Single European Act -- From Maastricht to Lisbon -- Many Crises, Few Opportunities -- Conclusions -- References -- 3 The Political Economy Context of EU Crises -- Introduction -- The European Capitalist-Democratic Compact -- The Compact Unravelled: Three Dilemmas and Three Processes -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 Playing for High Stakes: The Eurozone Crisis -- Introduction -- A Multi-dimensional and Mutating Crisis -- Why the Eurozone Crisis is an Existential Threat -- Burden-Sharing in Monetary Union: A Historical Perspective on the Eurozone Crisis -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 The UK: Membership in Crisis -- Introduction -- Crisis Point -- Avoiding Crisis through Exceptionalism -- Heading Towards Crisis: Mounting Pressure for a ­Referendum on EU Membership -- Resolving the Crisis: Renegotiation and Referendum -- Crisis Begetting Crisis and Chaos -- And for the EU? -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 The European Migration Crisis -- Introduction -- Anatomy of the Migration Crisis -- Asylum Law and Immigration Policy in the EU -- Member States and the Migration Crisis -- Implementing the European Commission's Agenda on Migration -- Conclusions: The Wider Implications of, and the Prospects for, Inward EU Migration -- References.

Social capital refers to the stock of social relations, based on norms and networks of cooperation and trust that spill over to the market and state to enhance collective action between actors and achieve improved social efficiency and economic growth. The aim of the present paper is to discuss the implications of contemporary literature and empirical findings on social capital for the growth prospects of Greece, compared to the member-states of the European Union. In order to examine the potential of social capital to enhance growth, we must look into the factors that determine the nature and context of trust, norms and networks that have emerged in our multinational, multiethnic and multicultural Europe.The contribution of this paper is to offer insight on the determinants of social capital in Greece, compared to the European Union (EU - former 15 member-states). For this purpose, we regress an index of individual group membership, derived from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP), on a set of individual as well as aggregate factors of social capital. Regression results provide evidence of the impact of both individual and institutional characteristics on group membership. Differences on the extent of group membership between countries might be indicative of the historical and cultural differences that have affected the evolution of social capital across Europe. Particularly in Greece, the relatively low level of group membership compared to the other EU countries might provide further evidence of its low levels of civicness. Historically, its weak civil society has been a result of a prior civic tradition of clientelism under arbitrary rule, the interference of special-interest groups and the lack of credibility and impartiality from the part of the state. And these factors might be responsible for the slow pace in reform and growth observed compared to the rest of the EU. Nevertheless, the findings on the determinants of social capital may direct us to possible means of rebuilding patterns of participatory and cooperative behavior, especially in countries with low levels of trust and civicness, such as Greece.

How do young people with migration backgrounds take part in and shape urban leisure socialities in European cities? Presenting results of a long-term ethnographic research project carried out in ethnic club scenes in Paris, London and Berlin, this book challenges assumptions about migrant community dynamics and ethnic segregation. Examining both heteronormative and «queer» scenes, the contributors to this volume give insights into how clubbing socialities are related to the wider life contexts of different postmigrant groups and the challenges they face in metropolitan centres. Far from simply

The euro area (EA) plays a major role in the global economy. Market perceptions of events in the EA program countries illustrate the possibility of large spillovers from the area in times of stress. The prospect of large spillovers underscores the urgent need for actions to contain, and eventually overcome, the ongoing crisis. The planned fiscal consolidation in the EA could benefit the rest of the world. Spillovers from gradual monetary policy normalization appear manageable. Execution of the structural reform agenda will carry positive spillovers

The Routledge Handbook of European Elections explores the multifaceted dimension of the European Parliament's (EP) electoral contests across the European Community and European Union since 1979. After setting a general empirical and theoretical framework, this collaborative project presents original contributions from leading experts in the field. Each case study adheres to a common template that makes it easy to compare data, methodology and outcomes. Every country chapter includes: a brief geopolitical profile and historical background of the Member State; a glance at the national political la.

We still do not fully understand why attitudes toward the European Union differ among citizens. In this study, we turn to the Big Five personality traits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism as antecedents of European Union attitudes. In a national survey, we focus on attitudes toward widening and deepening of the European Union, trust in European Union institutions, identification with the European Union and negative affect experienced toward the European Union. We theorize that the Big Five traits are heterogeneously associated with the different European Union attitudes. We confirm that the Big Five traits are indeed associated with some but not all European Union attitudes. Accordingly, personality is expected to shape how citizens' respond to changes in the institutional set-up of the European Union.