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This research aimed to knowing the effect of Budgeting Participation toward the performance of the Local Government Apparatus with Job Relevant Information as Moderation Variables in Konawe district. The population of this research was all the staff on echelon III and echelon IV at OPD in government environment of Konawe District amount to 573 respondents, while the sampling was purposive sampling technique. The respondents of this research have criteria, such as : 1) The apparatus which have position as Head of Division/Secretary, Head of Sector, Head of Programmer and Finance; 2) Had been occupied the position at least 1 year. The research respondents of this research was 211 people. Technique of analyzing data used was moderated analysis regression and Soft IBM SPSS Statistics 23 as support.The results of the research showed that (1) Budgeting Participation give positive and significant effect toward the Performance of the Local Government Apparatus in Konawe district with t count was 7.893 and significant was 0.000.05. Conclusion : 1) The higher the level of budgeting participation will improve performance of the Local Government Apparatus; 2) The higher job relevent information in budgeting participation, then in tends to reduce the performance of local government apparatus in Konawe district. Key Words: Budgeting Participation, Job Relevant Information

The Belgian welfare state was historically structured regarding socio-professional situations and family status, which also referred to different forms of solidarity and care inside the family. Based on a research regarding single-parenthood in Brussels, we will address how recent transformations struggle to better adapt to transformations regarding the way individuals live together with others and how they share parental responsibilities. Inspired by the founding works of Blumer (1971), we will retrace through a sociological perspective how different actors (public administrations, governments, unions, as well as the « civil society » and researchers) have participated at a long process of « collective definition » that constructed single-parenthood as a new category (Dubois, 2009) of regional work policy and federal social welfare policy. Based on a qualitative survey (observation and interviews), as well as longitudinal statistics, we analyse how the various situations of single-parenthood are approached through the tension between the will to assert and recognize the specificities of these situations (cf.targeting), and the choice to favour a universal approach. The notion of "adapted universalism" permits to explain, following our hypothesis, the connections that were carried out the last years with work and welfare policy.

The conurbation phenomenon generated by economic growth in the Aburra Valley forces governments to implement policies that counteract the negative effects of agglomeration economies, what is the government doing to reduce the impacts of immigration in the territory? why is the Metropolitan Area has international recognition of innovation in culture? The research is based on statistics on living conditions to 10,725 families, personal communications with public officials of municipal planning and in documentary sources of the public administration. The research concludes that the region grows by the force of social, political and business union of its municipalities. ; El fenómeno de conurbación generado por el crecimiento económico en el Valle de Aburrá obliga a los gobiernos a implementar políticas que contrarresten los efectos negativos de las economías de aglomeración; ¿qué está haciendo el gobierno para reducir los impactos de las inmigraciones en el territorio?, ¿por qué el Área Metropolitana posee reconocimientos internacionales de innovación en cultura? La investigación se basa en estadísticas sobre condiciones de vida de 10.725 familias, comunicaciones personales con funcionarios públicos de planeación municipal y en fuentes documentales de la administración pública. La investigación concluye que la región crece por la fuerza de la unión social, política y empresarial intermunicipal.

This study evaluated the implementation of the "Naga Akong Garbo" (NAGa) Programme from its two components on (1) cleanliness, sanitation and health, and (2) governance systems and structures. It focused on the present status, challenges and successes experienced and achieved during the Programme implementation. Descriptive survey research design was employed and descriptive statistics were used in the data analysis. Findings revealed that the 20 purposively chosen key informants (KIs) consistently rated each indicator on cleanliness, sanitation, health and governance as implemented enough whereas governance structures was viewed as highly implemented. Programme implementation encountered challenges included highly technical indicators of the scorecards where progress and monitoring reporting become difficult and tedious. Some village officials were found to be unresponsive and non-cooperative because of differing political party affiliations and conflicting vested interests. A major challenge was the delayed releases funds causing subsequent delays of programme implementation. On the positive note, major successes have been achieved along improved public service delivery. Finally, the NAGa Programme provided avenues for the strengthened working relationships among various departments, stakeholders and the local people. It was very instrumental in the achieved successes on cleanliness, sanitation, health and governance systems of the city, more evidently along governance structures. Article visualizations:

Studies conducted in the past have suggested that economic and social conditions are factors that may or may not contribute to crimes. Crime rates across Thai provinces which are reported by the authorities indicate that a large proportion of crime is property crime. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the interaction effect between social and economic conditions on property crime rates in Thailand. This quantitative research utilized existing statistics and assigned each province to be a unit of analysis. The data analysis was performed by the PLS-SEM technique using SmartPLS 2.0. The results of the study show that economic conditions have a major impact on crime rates with a path coefficient value of .491, a T-statistic value of 3.904, and a level of significance of p < .01. The result of the study rejects the hypothesis that the interaction effect between social and economic conditions has a significant impact on property crime rates. The outcome of this research will be beneficial to government agencies responsible for supporting and promoting employment and appropriate income per capita. Furthermore, it will benefit public and private agencies as well as communities in crime prevention which requires extra vigilance in poor economic conditions.

International audience ; [Rurality is what is not urban. This tautology is almost that proposed by INSEE, the French Institute of Statistics, in the definition on its website by writing: "a rural municipality is a municipality not belonging to an urban unit". This amounts to not defining the rurality, but only the urban, the rurality being only a balance. It is important to consider the results of this first definition, called zoning in urban units, before examining another zoning of INSEE, that in urban areas. But would there not be other more perennial definitions?] ; La ruralité, c'est ce qui n'est pas urbain. Cette tautologie est quasiment celle que propose l'Insee, l'institut français de statistique, dans la définition figurant sur son site web en écrivant : « une commune rurale est une commune n'appartenant pas à une unité urbaine ». Cela revient à ne pas définir la ruralité, mais seulement l'urbain, la ruralité n'étant qu'un solde. Il importe de considérer les résultats de cette première définition, appelée le zonage en unités urbaines, avant d'examiner un autre zonage de l'Insee, celui en aires urbaines. Mais n'y auraient-ils pas d'autres définitions plus per-tinentes ?

This study aims to map the condition of MSMEs in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study uses MSME respondents in DIY. The selection of respondents was based on the rapid development of MSMEs and was proven to have survived during the monetary crisis and various eruptions and earthquakes. The number of respondents in this study is 65 MSMEs. Data collection is done through questionnaires and direct interviews with respondents. The results of the study show that the MSMEs studied were micro-business groups based on the criteria of the Central Bureau of Statistics and the UMKM Law. Another result of this study is the level of knowledge of MSMEs in terms of accounting is very limited so that the financial statements produced are not in accordance with the standards. A further consequence is that banks doubt financial information made by borrowers. The implication of this research is that the government must educate MSMEs in understanding financial statements. The results of the study in the form of mapping of bookkeeping for MSMEs can be the basis for further research. Research on understanding accounting can be done using experimental methods so that MSMEs can apply research results to their business decision making.

UK government statistics maintain that only 18 per cent of creative industries firms engage in international trade. The UK's Industrial Strategy: Creative Industries Sector Deal aims to increase UK creative industry exports by 50% within 5 years, arguing there is a "great deal of untapped potential in the sector." It also identifies small company size as a barrier to creative industry exports. Our research, however, challenges these assumptions. At least one creative industries hub is already deeply entwined in global trade. In Liverpool's creative and digital hub Baltic Creative, 69 per cent of tenants export. Furthermore, these exporters are highly dependent on their overseas income. Over one-third of exporters earn more than 50 per cent of their annual income from exports. Our research also finds that small company size was not a deterrent to international trade. Rather company owners report concerns about access to global markets after Brexit, which had already resulted in significant financial losses for some. Our study reveals that even the smallest micro-enterprises are exporting not by way of strained or concerted efforts, but simply because they are operating in an open, digital, global environment where international trade is integral to their business.

Swedish as well as foreign publications have reported a sharp increase in firearm-related violence in Sweden. None of these publications, however, combined official statistics from the Swedish police, the National Council for Crime Prevention (NCCP), and the National Board of Health and Welfare (NBHW), to study firearm-related violence in the last 2 years: 2016-2017. The results of this study show that firearm-related violence in Sweden has greatly increased compared to other Scandinavian countries, especially in recent years. This is probably the reason for the increase in the rate of deadly violence. Further, the increasing number of gangs and criminal networks, as well as the high inflow of illegal firearms to Sweden, is believed to have contributed to the disturbing increase of firearm-related violence in the country. Although Sweden is one of the most democratic and freest countries in the world, and has some of the world's strictest gun laws, the country still faces significant firearm-related violence. This study not only reveals the increasing rate of firearm-related violence in Sweden, but also shows that Sweden is in dire need of additional policies to combat the illegal flow of firearms and to curb gang criminality.

Political neutrality in bureaucracy is facing new challenges in the digital era. Due to its easiness in expressing someone's political views, social media has been chosen by people to be actively involved in politics, including government officials. Public administration scholars believe that to maintain its professionalism, government officials should ethically take a clear distance from practical politics. In order to maintain such professionalism in offline world is easier than in online one. Even though online political activity of government official is apparent, very limited studies had conducted in the area. This study aim is to portray the online political activity of government official by using Indonesian 2019 election as the case study. A datamining from social media is used to collecting the data. Content analysis by using both quantitative and qualitative approach is used for analysing the data. Data is first captured using datamining and then quantitatively displayed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative analysis is conducted for gaining the identity of government officials in certain social media accounts. The result indicates that some government officials were unable to maintain its political neutrality. Further discussion on how political neutrality might challenge administrative ethics is discussed in the full paper.

There is growing international interest in how market imperatives interact with socio-cultural and academic rationales of higher education internationalisation. This study provides new empirical material to examine core rationales of international student recruitment in Latvia where international students constitute 10% of the total tertiary enrolments. The nuanced analysis of narrative data from interviews with university international officers is complemented with the analysis of policy documents and numeric data from the government and the UNESCO Institute of Statistics. By carefully using the evidence, the study shows that international student recruitment has been stimulated by the demographic calculus and driven by the economic rationale. Universities have played an active role in increasing the numbers of mobile students and many institutions seem to benefit from working closely with student recruitment agencies. The scale of university-agency collaborations appears to vary by the type of institution; those with lower entry requirements have more extensive business relations with agencies than relatively reputable institutions. The study advances the analysis of internationalisation by arguing that a focus on market imperatives can imperil socio-cultural, academic and political benefits of inbound student mobility that are viewed by universities as inferior to the immediate pecuniary interest.

This study investigated the perception of facilitators on the use of mobile phone for instruction in adult literacy programmes. The survey research design was adopted and the purposive sampling technique used in selecting fifty (50) participants for the study. Data collected through a set of researcher-designed questionnaire were analysed using descriptive statistics of simple percentages and frequency counts. Results revealed that facilitators have a positive perception on the use of mobile phone for administrative and instructional purposes (Weighted Average (WA) = 3.15). Challenges likely to be faced by adult literacy facilitators in the use of mobile phones in adult literacy programmes include lack of adequate training (mean=3.24), limited number of file formats supported by a specific mobile phone (mean=3.00), additional time needed to develop learning materials for delivery on mobile phone (mean=3.20), risk of distraction (mean=3.00), insufficient knowledge and skills of facilitators on mobile phone use (mean=2.84) and the appropriate content and language of instruction (mean=3.04, SD=0.75). It was recommended based on these findings that government at all levels should endeavour to organise regular and adequate training for facilitators on the use of mobile phone for adult learning.

International audience ; Achieving reliable observations of avalanche debris is crucial for many applications including avalanche forecasting. The ability to continuously monitor the avalanche activity, in space and time, would provide indicators on the potential instability of the snowpack and would allow a better characterization of avalanche risk periods and zones. In this work, we use Sentinel-1 SAR (synthetic aperture radar) data and an independent in-situ avalanche inventory (ground truth) to automatically detect avalanche debris in the French Alps during the remarkable winter season 2017-18. Convolutional neural networks are applied on SAR image patches to locate avalanche debris signatures. We are able to successfully locate new avalanche deposits with as much as 77% confidence on the most susceptible mountain zone (compared to 53% with a baseline method). One of the challenges of this study is to make an efficient use of remote sensing measurements on a complex terrain. It explores the following questions: to what extent can deep learning methods improve the detection of avalanche deposits and help us to derive relevant avalanche activity statistics at different scales (in time and space) that could be useful for a large number of users (researchers, forecasters, government operators)?

Artículo de revista ; According to the balance of payments (BoP) statistics, in an environment of ongoing economic upturn, Spain was once again a net lender in 2018, albeit to a lesser extent than in preceding years. The decline in net lending is explained by the decrease in the goods and services surplus, which largely reflected the slowdown in external markets, the negative impact on exports of the cumulative euro appreciation since 2017 and the rise in oil prices. The nation's net lending, the positive amount of other flows and GDP growth were conducive to a decline in the Spanish economy's negative net international investment position (IIP), as a percentage of GDP, for the fourth year in succession. In terms of financial flows, international investors made net purchases under the portfolio investment (mainly, long-term bonds issued by general government) and direct investment headings in 2018, a sign of their continuing confidence in the Spanish economy, despite the deterioration in the global macro-financial scenario in the second half of the year. However, the fact that the Spanish economy's negative net IIP remains high (77.1% of GDP), both historically and by international standards, makes it vulnerable to shocks in the international capital markets

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme (STP) on the knowledge and practice regarding infection control measures in labour room among staff nurses working at selected Government Hospitals of Jodhpur, Rajasthan. The conceptual framework of the present study was based on the Imogene M. King's "Goal attainment model". Research approach adopted for the study was Pre-experimental approach with one group pre-test post-test design. The sample consists of the 40 staff nurses. The tools used for the study were structured knowledge questionnaire, observation checklist for practice. The tool were validated by 11 experts and found to be valid. Reliability of the tool was calculated by using Karl Pearson's Correlation Coefficient formula. The final study was conducted at selected govt. hospitals of Jodhpur after obtaining formal administrative approval. The data obtained were organized and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics according to objectives and hypothesis of the study. The findings of the study revealed that, the mean post-test knowledge and practice scores were higher than their mean pre-test knowledge and practice scores. The STP on infection control measures was found to be effective strategies in enhancing the knowledge and practice of staff nurses regarding infection control measures in labour room.