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In 1993 the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement (NLCA) was signed and this lead to the creation of Nunavut in 1999. Under the NLCA caribou and other wildlife in Nunavut are co-managed by government and Inuit. The Nunavut Wildlife Management Board (NWMB) is the main instrument of wildlife management, working with its government and Inuit co-management partners to manage caribou within the principles of conservation outlined in the NLCA, using both west¬ern scientific knowledge and traditional knowledge. When caribou herds cross provincial or territorial boundaries, management boards or management planning committees are established.

Today, more regulatory provisions are in place for protecting low‐income minority populations who shoulder a disproportionate amount of environmental risk. Recognized as communities of "environmental justice," industrial facilities located within these areas bear greater legal liabilities for and societal scrutiny of their environmental impacts. The authors offer compelling evidence that, in an effort to avoid regulatory and societal claims that they are disproportionately harming minority and ethnic populations, businesses operating inside environmental justice communities tend to adopt an environmental management system (EMS). The article probes whether industries actually improve the environment as a consequence of EMS adoption or whether such systems are simply used to avoid greater governmental scrutiny without necessarily reducing overall environmental risks.

This study analyzed claims settlement and insurance companies' profitability in Nigeria (1981-2022). Problems arise when there is a claim report. The problems range from non-payment of claims, even when paid, it is not settled promptly and only a negligible proportion of claims are settled. On many occasions, disputes arise in claims settlement between the insured and the insurer. Violation of policy provisions can vitiate an insurance contract and is also capable of hindering claims settlement. The study is an empirical research and the secondary data used for the study were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and Annual Report of NAICOM. The regression method was used to test the hypothesis. The finding revealed that there are significant influences of total expenditure and total income on the profitability of the Nigerian insurance companies while total claims settlement and total premium income have no significant influences on profitability. It was recommended that there is a need for the insurance industry to carry out sensitization and awareness campaigns on loss control devices for the insured. This reduces the loss frequency and claims amount considerably for sustainable profit. Managers of claims and the holders of policies should be educated in reporting claims processes such as loss minimization, claims verification, investigation, evaluating the degree of the damage preceding any replacement or repair and loss evaluation. This reduces claims report frequency and enhances the profitability and premium income of insurance companies. Insurance income generated in terms of premiums should be reinvested to upsurge insurance companies' profits.

An exploratory survey of Australian organisations that operate fleets of heavy freight vehicles was undertaken to identify differences in management characteristics between those that have good safety records compared with those that have poorer safety records, using vehicle insurance claim rates as a proxy for safety. Fifty organisations that operate heavy vehicles and had either low or higher recent claim rates completed a questionnaire. These included various industry sectors, such as local government councils, utility companies, and freight transport companies. The questionnaire asked about the participants' use of a wide range of safety management practices relevant to heavy vehicle drivers. The results showed that despite controlling for fleet size, companies with larger fleets had poorer claim rates. The results also suggested that higher claimers relied more on setting criteria and rules for vehicles and drivers, than low claimers. Low claimers seemed to focus more strongly on proactive risk assessment, and that drivers are paid for time worked and consulted on safety issues. A number of the findings were counterintuitive. For example, higher claimers more often than low claimers reported that they did more checking during recruitment, had more policies and some accreditation as well as doing more in-vehicle monitoring. The study showed that there are safety management characteristics that distinguish between good and poorer safety performers but that further research must assess both the use and quality of the safety management practices implemented. © 2014.

Other written product issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reviewed the Food and Nutrition Service's (FNS) new rule on the Food Stamp Program's recipient claim establishment and collection standards. GAO noted that: (1) the final rule aims to improve claims management in the Food Stamp Program while providing state agencies increased flexibility in their efforts to increase claims collection; (2) the final rule incorporates changes mandated by the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 and includes federal debt management regulations and statutory revisions into recipient claim management; and (3) FNS complied with applicable requirements in promulgating the rule."