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Current incident command research faces several challenges. The incident commander's behaviour and related assessments in the crisis response are context bound, and our understanding of these factors requires close awareness of the context. Reconstruction of the on‐scene behaviour encompassing situation awareness and cognitive reasoning is difficult. There is a need to develop better understanding of decision‐making in crisis settings and methods for rigorous observation and knowledge elicitation. In order to understand the importance and actual influence of incident commanding, the researchers need to assess the response in real time, not only based on studying logs etc. afterwards. Participatory action research provides ideas in which the researcher, besides being an observer, would be involved in the rescue work. This raises ethical questions, but there is a need for naturalistic decision‐making research to evolve beyond descriptive models.

PurposeTo consider what a criticalist qualitative research methodology might look like for universities in the context of the contemporary COVID-19 crisis.Design/methodology/approachThis polemical paper explores the rationale for a dramatic recasting of the approach needed in qualitative research methodology to address the challenges of the crisis-ridden times we live in. Broadly conceived of as an "evolving criticality", to borrow from Kincheloe, the paper addresses the kind of disposition, orientation or state of mind required that provides the space and opportunities in universities within which this strategic methodological reinvention might occur. After explaining what a research methodology committed to the notion of "criticality" might look like, the paper argues that to enact this we need to start with the immediacy of our own academic work and then emanate to other public spheres.FindingsThe polemical exchange engaged in by this paper presents the underpinnings of how critical social science might be deployed in both reconceiving how we understand the purpose of research in universities and changing the nature of academic work.Research limitations/implicationsThese exist only in so far as university academics are prepared to embrace what is being argued for to change the status quo.Practical implicationsThe broader critical social science methodology being argued for in this paper is using a wider framing to a form of critical ethnography that has the potential to enable academic workers to extricate themselves from the ruinous situation brought on by the neoliberal paradigm that has been so drastically exacerbated by COVID-19.Originality/valueWhile the paper rehearses some existing ideas of critical social science, the novelty of the papers lies in the way these are applied to the COVID-19 crisis within which universities have become embroiled.

Chapter 1. Scientificity in Politeness Studies -- Chapter 2. Theoretical Perspectives of Research in Politeness -- Chapter 3. Methodological Framework in Politeness -- Chapter 4. Research Tools: Model Studies of Investigation Practice -- Chapter 5. Critical Issues for Future Methodological Development.

About the Book: This second edition has been thoroughly revised and updated and efforts have been made to enhance the usefulness of the book. In this edition a new chapter The Computer : Its Role in Research have been added keeping in view of the fact that computers by now become a indispensable part of research equipment. The other salient feature of this revised edition, subject contents have been developed and restructured at several places. New problems have also been added in various chapters. Adoption of appropriate methodology is an essential characteristic of quality research studi