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ZusammenfassungMethoden der künstlichen Intelligenz haben sich in den letzten Jahren zu essenziellen Bestandteilen fast aller Bereiche von Wissenschaft und Technik entwickelt. Dies gilt auch für die Hydrologie: Vielschichtige neuronale Netzwerke – auch bekannt als Modelle des Deep Learning – ermöglichen hier Vorhersagen von Niederschlagsabflussmengen in zuvor unerreichter Präzision.Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet das Potenzial von Deep Learning für wasserwirtschaftliche Anwendungen. Der erste Teil des Artikels zeigt, wie sogenannte Long Short-Term Memory-Netzwerke – eine spezifisch für Zeitreihen entwickelte Methode des Deep Learnings – für die Niederschlags-Abfluss-Modellierung verwendet werden, und wie diese für eine Reihe hydrologischer Probleme bessere Ergebnisse als jedes andere bekannte hydrologische Modell erzielen. Der zweite Teil demonstriert wesentliche Eigenschaften der Long Short-Term Memory-Netzwerke. Zum einen zeigen wir, dass diese Netzwerke beliebige Daten verarbeiten können. Dies erlaubt es, mögliche synergetische Effekte aus unterschiedlichen meteorologischen Datensätzen zu extrahieren und damit die Modellgüte zu verbessern. Zum anderen stellen wir dar, wie relevante hydrologische Prozesse (wie z. B. das Akkumulieren und Schmelzen von Schnee) innerhalb der Modelle abgebildet werden, ohne dass diese spezifisch darauf trainiert wurden.

AbstractWe explored the causal role of individual and age‐related differences in working memory (WM) capacity in long‐term memory (LTM) retrieval. Our sample of 160 participants included 120 children (6–13‐years old) and 40 young adults (18–24 years). Participants performed a WM task with images of unique everyday items, presented at varying set sizes. Subsequently, we tested participants' LTM for items from the WM task. Using these measures, we estimated the ratio at which items successfully held in WM were recognized in LTM. While WM and LTM generally improved with age, the ability to transfer information from WM to LTM appeared consistent between age groups. Moreover, individual differences in WM capacity appeared to predict LTM encoding. Overall, these results suggested that LTM performance was constrained by experimental, individual, and age‐related WM limitations. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this WM‐to‐LTM bottleneck.

Air temperature is one of the main factors for describing the weather behaviour in the earth. Since Indonesia is located on and near equator, then monitoring the air temperature is needed to determine either global climate change occurs or not. Climate change can have an impact on biological growth in various fields. For instance, climate change can affect the quality of production and growth of animal and plants. Therefore, air temperature prediction is important to meteorologists and Indonesian government to provide information in many sectors. Various prediction algorithms have been used to predict temperature and produce different accuracy. In this study, the deep learning method with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model is used to predict air temperature. Here, the results show that LSTM model with one layer and Adaptive Moment Estimation (ADAM) optimizer produce accuracy which is 32% of , 0.068 of MAE and 0.99 of RMSE. Moreover, here, ADAM optimizer is found better than Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) optimizer.

Abstract Estimates of government expenditure for the next period are very important in the government, for instance for the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia, because this can be taken into consideration in making policies regarding how much money the government should bear and whether there is sufficient availability of funds to finance it. As is the case in the health, education and social fields, modeling technology in machine learning is expected to be applied in the financial sector in government, namely in making modeling for spending predictions. In this study, it is proposed the application of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Model for expenditure predictions. Experiments show that LSTM model using three hidden layers and the appropriate hyperparameters can produce Mean Square Error (MSE) performance of 0.2325, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.4820, Mean Average Error (MAE) of 0.3292 and Mean Everage Presentage Error (MAPE) of 0.4214. This is better than conventional modeling using the Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) as a comparison model. ; Perkiraan pengeluaran belanja pemerintah untuk periode kedepan merupakan hal yang sangat penting di pemerintah dalam hal ini pada Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia, karena hal ini dapat dijadikan bahan pertimbangan dalam mengambil kebijakan terkait berapa nilai uang yang harus ditanggung pemerintah serta apakah ada ketersediaan dana yang cukup dalam membiayai belanja tersebut untuk periode yang akan datang. Seperti halnya pada bidang kesehatan, pendidikan dan sosial, teknologi pemodelan pada Machine Learning diharapkan dapat diterapkan di bidang keuangan pada pemerintahan, yaitu dalam membuat pemodelan untuk prediksi belanja. Pada penelitian ini, diusulkan penerapan model Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) untuk prediksi belanja. Eksperimen menunjukkan model LSTM dengan menggunakan tiga hidden layers dan hyperparameter yang tepat dapat menghasilkan performa Mean Square Error (MSE) sebesar 0.2325, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) sebesar 0.4820, Mean Average Error (MAE) sebesar 0.3292 dan Mean Everage Presentage Error (MAPE) sebesar 0.4214. Ini lebih baik dibandingkan pemodelan konvensional menggunakan Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) sebagai model pembanding.

Daniel Pauly's concept of the shifting baseline syndrome (SBS) focuses on problems of scientists' long-term change perception and in particular on the forgetting of reference points established by preceding generations. Once introduced in the context of fisheries science, the concept is currently widely applied in neighbouring disciplines, but has only begun to enter the field of social and cultural science.
This article considers the shifting baseline syndrome in an interdisciplinary context and describes suggestions emerging that way: With regard to the concept's context of origin, it shows that approaches from social and cultural science such as the sociology of knowledge and memory studies allow a more detailed and comprehensive understanding of questions addressed by the concept. Conversely, with regard to social and cultural science, this concept originating from natural science suggests the relevance of autobiographical, communicative, cultural and future memory for studying problems and potentials of sustainability and long-term change perception in general.

The text classification process has been well studied, but there are still many improvements in the classification and feature preparation, which can optimize the performance of classification for specific applications. In the paper we implemented dictionary based approach and long-short term memory approach. In the first approach, dictionaries will be padded based on field's specific input and use automation technology to expand. The second approach, long short term memory used word2vec technique. This will help us in getting a comprehensive pipeline of end-to-end implementations. This is useful for many applications, such as sorting emails which are spam or ham, classifying news as political or sports-related news, etc

This research examined the role of working memory (WM) capacity and long-term working memory (LT-WM) in flight situation awareness (SA). We developed spatial and verbal measures of WM capacity and LT-WM skill and then determined the ability of these measures to predict pilot performance on SA tasks. Although both spatial measures of WM capacity and LT-WM skills were important predictors of SA performance, their importance varied as a function of pilot expertise. Spatial WM capacity was most predictive of SA performance for novices, whereas spatial LTWM skill based on configurations of control flight elements (attitude and power) was most predictive for experts. Furthermore, evidence for an interactive role of WM and LT-WM mechanisms was indicated. Actual or potential applications of this research include cognitive analysis of pilot expertise and aviation training.

In the marine environment, shore-based radars play an important role in military surveillance and sensing. Sea clutter is one of the main factors affecting the performance of shore-based radar. Affected by marine environmental factors and radar parameters, the fluctuation law of sea clutter amplitude is very complicated. In the process of training a sea clutter amplitude prediction model, the traditional method updates the model parameters according to the current input data and the parameters in the current model, and cannot utilize the historical information of sea clutter amplitude. It is only possible to learn the short-term variation characteristics of the sea clutter. In order to learn the long-term variation law of sea clutter, a sea clutter prediction system based on the long short-term memory neural network is proposed. Based on sea clutter data collected by IPIX radar, UHF-band radar and S-band radar, the experimental results show that the mean square error of this prediction system is smaller than the traditional prediction methods. The sea clutter suppression signal is extracted by comparing the predicted sea clutter data with the original sea clutter data. The results show that the proposed sea clutter prediction system has a good effect on sea clutter suppression.

Abstract
Memory is a complex cognitive process composed of several subsystems, namely short- and long-term memory and working memory (WM). Previous research has shown that adequate interaction between subsystems is crucial for successful memory processes such as encoding, storage, and manipulation of information. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between different subsystems at the behavioral and neural levels. Thus, here we assessed the relationship between individual WM abilities and brain activity underlying the recognition of previously memorized auditory sequences. First, recognition of previously memorized versus novel auditory sequences was associated with a widespread network of brain areas comprising the cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, insula, inferior temporal cortex, frontal operculum, and orbitofrontal cortex. Second, we observed positive correlations between brain activity underlying auditory sequence recognition and WM. We showed a sustained positive correlation in the medial cingulate gyrus, a brain area that was widely involved in the auditory sequence recognition. Remarkably, we also observed positive correlations in the inferior temporal, temporal-fusiform, and postcentral gyri, brain areas that were not strongly associated with auditory sequence recognition. In conclusion, we discovered positive correlations between WM abilities and brain activity underlying long-term recognition of auditory sequences, providing new evidence on the relationship between memory subsystems. Furthermore, we showed that high WM performers recruited a larger brain network including areas associated with visual processing (i.e., inferior temporal, temporal-fusiform, and postcentral gyri) for successful auditory memory recognition.