Der Autor, Consultant der Weltbank in Sierra Leone, dokumentiert in Form eines Tagebuchs, was er bei der Realisierung eines Weltbankprojekts erlebt und unternommen hat. Beauftragt mit der Erarbeitung eines Vorschlags zur Reform der Vermarktung von Lebensmitteln gibt er Einblick in die Probleme, korrekte Daten über Agrarproduktion und Nahrungsmittelangebot zu ermitteln und das komplexe Interessengeflecht von Behörden, Bauern und Händlern zu erfassen. Die Weltbank, von der Idee des freien Marktes besessen, habe der Regierung in einem Geheimdokument auferlegt, alle Nahrungsmittelimporte auszusetzen und Subventionen zu streichen. Der private Sektor aber habe diese Aufgabe nicht erfüllen können. Es habe einer obersten Regierungsentscheidung bedurft, ob es sich das Land erlauben könne, das Abkommen auf Anraten des Autors auszusetzen und die Weltbank zu brüskieren. (DÜI-Sbd)
This paper examined the factors that influenced profit from cocoa beans marketing in Ogun State, Nigeria. Fifty (50) cocoa beans marketers were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire designed to solicit information on the socio-economic characteristics of the cocoa beans marketers, their operating costs and return and problems associated with cocoa beans marketing in the study area. Descriptive statistics, marketing margin analysis, gross margin analysis and the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression technique were em-ployed in the analysis of the study data. The study revealed that men (84%) are more involved in co-coa beans marketing than women. Further, the study finds cocoa beans marketing to be a profitable venture in the study area having a gross margin of ₦137,719.27 (US $ 885.51) per month and a mar-keting margin of N40,600 (US $ 261.94). The percentage marketing margin was 34.73% which implies that the cocoa beans marketers realize a margin of 34.76% of the farm price. The result of the OLS regression analysis revealed that cost of transportation, communication cost, volume of cocoa traded and membership of market union are the significant determinants of the profit margin that accrue to the cocoa beans marketer. The identified constraints to cocoa beans marketing in the study area in-clude low quality of cocoa beans, poor transportation facilities and inadequate capital. The study con-cluded that cocoa beans marketing is economically rewarding in the study area. It recommends that the government should help to provide good transportation facilities. Also, agricultural and commercial banks as well as other micro credit financial institutions should assist in providing credit facility to the marketers as this will enable them expand their scope of marketing and consequently improve their profit margin.
"Revision of and supersedes Agriculture handbook no. 158, dated January 1, 1959." ; "Superseded by Agriculture handbook no. 242, slight variation in title." ; "Supersedes Agriculture handbook no. 158, similar title." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Bank Sampah (BS) pertama kali didirikan tahun 2008 oleh penduduk desa di Kab. Bantul, Propinsi DI Yogyakarta. BS menerapkan system 3R (Reduce, Reuse dan Recycle), yang dimulai dari memilah sampah organik dan anorganik di rumah, dan disetorkan secara terpisah ke BS. Sampah organik diolah menjadi kompos (reduce), sedangkan sampah anorganik digunakan kembali (reuse) atau didaur ulang menjadi barang yang bermanfaat (recycle) atau disimpan sebagai tabungan yang dikonversi dalam rupiah oleh BS. Karena itu, motto BS adalah "From Trash to Cash". Kelahiran BS telah menginspirasi lahirnya Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup (Permen LH) Nomor 13 tahun 2012 tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan 3R melalui BS. Disatu sisi, Permen LH ini merupakan pengakuan resmi pemerintah terhadap BS, tetapi disisi lain dukungan pemerintah untuk mengembangkan BS belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, dan inilah rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan evaluasi terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan BS di Propinsi DKI Jakarta dan untuk mengetahui kontribusi pemerintah dalam mengembangkan BS. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif terhadap 4 BS sampel. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pengurus BS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada empat masalah yang menjadi kendala dalam melaksanakan kegiatan BS, pertama, masalah keuangan, kedua, rendahnya partisipasi warga menjadi nasabah BS, ketiga, kesulitan memasarkan hasil produksi BS, dan keempat, masalah kepemilikan lahan lokasi BS. Salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan melibatkan Perguruan Tinggi (PT) sebagai pendamping BS. Bagi PT, kegiatan sebagai pendamping BS adalah bagian dari pengabdian masyarakat, sebagai salah satu dari Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi. Dengan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang banyak (dosen dan mahasiswa), dan mempunyai kompetensi dalam berbagai bidang, PT diharapkan bisa mengembangkan BS menjadi sebuah unit usaha yang professional, menciptakan lapangan kerja, bermanfaat bagi pemerintah dan masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar lokasi BS.ABSTRACTThe Waste Bank (WB) was first established in 2008 by a village community in Bantul Regency, DI Yogyakarta Province. The WB implemented 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle), starting from sorting organic and inorganic waste in households, and depositing at the WB. Organic waste was processed into compost (reduce), while good inorganic waste was reused or recycled into useful and economical handicrafts or stored as customer savings which were converted into rupiah values. Therefore, the motto of the WB was "From Trash to Cash". The WB has inspired the issuance of Minister of Environment Regulation No. 13 of 2012 concerning Guidelines for Implementing 3R through WB. On the one hand, this regulation is the government's acknowledgment of WB, but on the other hand the government's support for developing WB has not been as expected, and this is the problem in this research. This study aims to evaluate the activities of WB in Jakarta and to find out the government's contribution in developing WB. Qualitative research was employed in this research while data was collected through indepth interview with management of the four samples of WB. The results showed that there are four main problems that became obstacles in carrying out the activities of the WB were, firstly, financial problems, secondly, the low participation of citizens to become customers of the WB, third, difficulty in marketing the products of WB, and fourth, ownership of land occupied by WB. One alternative to solve these problems is to involve a university as a companion to the WB. For the university, the WB assistance activities are part of community service which is one of the Tri Dharma of University. With adequate Human Resources (lecturers and students), universities are expected to be able to develop WB into professional business units, create many jobs, benefit the government and the people living around the WB
1. An Overview of the Sustainability-Financial Risk Nexus -- 2. The Impact of Climate Change on the Banking and Insurance Industries -- 3. The Transition to a Low-carbon Economy and Stranded Assets -- 4. Sustainability-related Risks, Risk Management Frameworks and Financial Disclosure -- 5. Potential Solutions for Tackling the Sustainability-Financial Risk Nexus -- 6. Sustainability-related Risks and Financial Stability: A Systemic View and Preliminary Conclusions.
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This book presents selected papers on the factors that serve to influence an individual's capacity in financial decision-making. Initial chapters provide an overview of the cognitive factors affecting financial decisions and suggest a link between limited cognitive capacity and the need for financial education. The book then expands on these cognitive limitations to explore the tendency for overconfidence in decision-making and the interplay between rational and irrational factors. Later contributions show how credit card companies benefit from limitations in consumer financial literacy, how gender and cognition intersect to play an important role in financial decision-making, and how to improve financial capacity through financial literacy and education campaigns, including those addressing developed marketplaces. This comprehensive collection of papers will be of value to all readers who seek to better understand the multi-factorial and complex nature of personal financial management in today's economic climate
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This book is about the localisation of commercial websites of four international financial institutions in different cultural environments where their branches are located. The purpose of the research was the fact that visitors to websites of international organisations still have to overcome several obstacles when doing their purchases on the web. Consequently, they have many reasons to leave the website, among which a crucial reason is already based on first impressions when entering the site. Localised websites for example, lack translation, clear indication of local pricing and shipping information, and provide inadequate language support on post-sales assistance. These are reasons for potential customers to leave such sites to the benefit of competitors with better localised websites. This should startle international organisations as they know their buying public in the various countries they operate, but still under-invest in their websites for international markets.The research, which is conducted on the basis of the cultural dimensions and frameworks of several Interculturalists, such as Geert Hofstede and Edward T. Hall, leads to a deeper insight on the actual level of website localisation in the banking sector. The analysis provides three outcomes. Firstly, regarding the level of localisation, the cultural orientations expected were met to a relevant extent by the analysed websites. Secondly, the design of the analysed native websites matched even better with those that were localised from foreign banks to the particular country, than the websites matched with the cultural orientations expected. This may let us assume that companies of the banking sector already refer to a certain standard of website localisation, matching the cultural orientations to a relevant extent. Thirdly, the book offers an approach to best practice, and provides a list of cultural website design requirements for further website localisation projects.
Commercial banks play an important role in the development of a country. A sound, progressive and dynamic banking system is a fundamental requirement for economic development. Thus, the purpose of this study was investigating the impact of investment diversification on financial performance of 17 Ethiopian Commercial Banks covering the period of 2013-2017.Quantitative research approach was used and the data was analysed by using panel random effect regression model. The finding of the study shows that investment in financial assets, government security, insurance, loan portfolio and investment size have positive significant impact on financial performance of Banks in Ethiopia. Whereas, interest and exchange rate volatility have negative significant impact on financial performance of commercial Banks in Ethiopia. The study concludes that investment diversification positively affects the financial performance of commercial banks in Ethiopia. Therefore, banks should focus its work to promote the confidence in portfolio diversification, develop marketing policies that encourage its use and establish the best combination of assets that can yield an efficient portfolio.
Perspectives related to the political economy have links with state and economic issues. Political economy is focused on the role of the state in improving the welfare of its people. Based on this, this study aims to analyze the role of the state, Bank Indonesia, West Kalimantan Province in enhancing the wellbeing of MSMEs through technopreneurship. This research is motivated by a problem that is not yet comprehensive market coverage and promotion of MSME products; the low quality of products produced and the limited market network and marketing of MSME products; MSME managerial organization has not been organized; and minimal cyber capital and security. Based on these problems, Bank Indonesia of West Kalimantan Province has conducted production assistance, digital-based promotion, online marketing access, financial management, and organization of technopreneurship. This research uses mixed, qualitative, and quantitative research methods. Primary data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaire was given to all respondents, namely all participants who took the financial technology incubator class program. Next, interviews were conducted with the Head of the Bank Indonesia Representative Office in West Kalimantan and the two best participants representing. Secondary data was taken using data from various articles and books related to financial technology. The results of the study explained that Bank Indonesia played a role in the formation of technopreneurship. Thanks to the role of Bank Indonesia, MSME production remains flexible despite being hit by global shocks.
Smallholder farmers around the world obtain their seed from various sources, which can vary over time. In some countries, smallholder farmers are gaining ground as local seed producers and sellers. This study focuses on the seed production and marketing operations, achievements, and challenges of a particular type of such producers—community seed banks—which are new players in the seed market. Pioneer case studies are presented from countries where grain legumes and dryland cereals are important crops: India, Nepal, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. A mixed methodology was used to collect data, including a literature review, focus group discussion, key informant interview, and participatory observation. The case studies demonstrate the viability of community seed banks as seed businesses but becoming successful is not easy and depends on managerial, technical, financial, social, and policy factors. The cases benefitted from strong initial support provided by a committed and experienced organization, as part of a trajectory of nurtured seed development and empowerment. Embedding local seed enterprises in seed sector networks is crucial to creating demand and gaining recognition and support. Government and development organizations could learn from the case study experiences and support programs to foster local seed businesses as key actors in integrated seed sector development.
The purpose of this study is to explain the effect of self-service technology and customer relationship marketing on customer loyalty mediated by customer satisfaction. This research is quantitative research with an explanatory research approach. This research was conducted on customers who have an account at PT. Bank Central Asia, Tbk Tulungagung Branch, a minimum of three years is 82 respondents. Data collection uses questionnaires, documentation, and interviews with SmartPLS version 3.0 analysis tools. The result of the research shows that the direct influence of self-service technology influence on customer satisfaction and the influence of self-service technology on customer loyalty has a significant influence. The influence of customer relationship marketing on customer satisfaction and the influence of customer relationship marketing on customer loyalty has a significant influence. And, the effect of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty has a significant influence. The results of research for indirect influence, namely the influence of self-service technology on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction and influence customer relationship marketing to customer loyalty through customer satisfaction has mediation relationship. The next researcher needs to re-analyze self-service technology, customer relationship marketing as a variable that can increase customer loyalty in other companies that show different characteristics of the subjects of this study. Besides, it needs to be done on government bank customers who have certain characteristics, so that research can be generalized, namely to private companies or government companies.
Zimbabwe's economy grew by 0.7 percent in 2016 despite the combined effect of the El Nino drought and domestic financial turmoil. The drought reduced agricultural output and increased food prices towards the end of the year, despite the government's efforts to boost production and stabilize prices. The public provision of agricultural inputs, the creation of food-for-work programs, and the establishment of price supports for staple foods accentuated the government's expansionary fiscal-policy stance. Meanwhile, the government also increased spending on a cash basis to clear domestic arrears. The authorities financed much of the widening fiscal deficit by issuing Treasury bills purchased by commercial banks and a US$ 1 billion overdrafts with the RBZ. As domestic borrowing reduced liquidity and crowded out credit to the private sector, demand fell, imports contracted sharply, and economic growth slowed. Good rains are projected to boost growth in 2017 but other sectors remain lackluster. To allow GDP growth to recover in 2017 and beyond, the authorities will need to improve public expenditure efficiency and ensure adequate liquidity in the financial sector. The newly introduced command agriculture program provided farmers with inputs which are to be repaid by delivering grain to the Grain Marketing Board at the end of the growing season. These policies are projected to boost agricultural output in 2017. However, government intervention is both expensive and inefficient, especially the use of price support, as floor prices are set far higher than import competing prices.4 Favorable rains during the 2016/17 agricultural season are expected to drive a robust recovery, and the agricultural sector is projected to make a sizeable contribution to GDP growth in 2017. Improving weather conditions will be complemented by the ongoing suspension of import duties on some fertilizer products through end-2017, and by the ongoing allocation of underutilized land managed by the parastatal ARDA and other government agencies to experienced farmers.
Abstract— This study's findings include a marketing strategy, specifically the marketing of PMG-ASN Motorbike Murbahah financing products, implemented by PT. Bank Sumut during the Covid 19 pandemic, which includes several strategies, namely: picking up balls, building networks, providing excellent service and providing satisfying facilities to increase customer trust and satisfaction, so that custodians feel more secure. According to the SWOT analysis findings, PT. Bank Sumut has taken the risk of competing in a competitive market while also offering innovative products to customers. SO Strategy (potentially lucrative opportunities): Expanding market share, expanding collaboration with motorcycle dealers in North Sumatra, and building relationships with academics, government officials, and business leaders. WO strategy (Weakness Opportunities): Specifically, implementing a ball pick strategy, enhancing consumer loyalty, and improving product quality are examples of WO strategies. A strategic treat strategy (ST strategy) involves partnering with government departments and other dealers to define marketing objectives and improve service quality. A second technique is executing more excellent promotion through various media and establishing an effective and efficient marketing plan (Weakness Treats, or WT).Keywords: SWOT, marketing strategy, Covid Pandemic 19, Motorcycle PMG- ASN Products
