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The adoption of Directive 2013/11/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21.05.2013 on alternative dispute resolution methods for the settlement of consumer disputes and amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 and Directive 2009/22/EC and Regulation (EU) No 524/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21.05.2013 on the online system of consumer disputes resolution and amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 and Directive 2009/22/EC, was intended to enable consumers to resolve disputes with entrepreneurs using alternative dispute resolution methods. In order to ensure that consumers can exercise the rights granted to them by EU law, by way of implementation of the Regulations there has been an amendment of the Act of 3 July 2003 - Aviation law (i.e. Journal of Laws of 2019, item 1580), on the basis of which the institution of the Passenger Ombudsman at the Civil Aviation Office was established, which is an entity entitled to conduct proceedings for the out-of-court settlement of consumer disputes between a passenger and an air carrier, tour operator, or seller of air tickets, entered into the register of entitled entities. The purpose of this study is to present the legal regulation concerning proceedings before the Ombudsman, indicating the political position of the Passenger Ombudsman and his team using analytical and comparative research methods. ; Uchwalenie dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2013/11/UE z 21.05.2013 r. w sprawie alternatywnych metod rozstrzygania sporów konsumenckich oraz zmiany rozporządzenia (WE) nr 2006/2004 i dyrektywy 2009/22/WE oraz rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) nr 524/2013 z dnia 21.05.2013 r. w sprawie internetowego systemu rozstrzygania sporów konsumenckich oraz zmiany rozporządzenia (WE) nr 2006/2004 i dyrektywy 2009/22/WE miało na celu umożliwienie konsumentom rozstrzyganie sporów z przedsiębiorcami z wykorzystaniem alternatywnych metod ich rozwiązywania. By zapewnić konsumentom realizację praw przyznanych im przez prawo unijne, w drodze implementacji rozporządzeń doszło do zmiany ustawy z dnia 3.07.2003r. – Prawo lotnicze (tj. Dz.U. z 2019r., poz. 1580), na mocy której powstała instytucja Rzecznika Praw Pasażerów przy Urzędzie Lotnictwa Cywilnego, który jest podmiotem uprawnionym do prowadzenia postępowania w sprawie pozasądowego rozwiązywania sporów konsumenckich między pasażerem a przewoźnikiem lotniczym, organizatorem turystyki albo sprzedającym bilety lotnicze, wpisanym do rejestru podmiotów uprawnionych . Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu zaprezentowanie regulacji prawnej dotyczącej postępowania przed Rzecznikiem, ze wskazaniem pozycji ustrojowej Rzecznika Praw Pasażerów oraz jego zespołu.

Introduction. Specifics of training and work in a multinational environment create conditions that complicate the work of the headquarters and reduce its effectiveness.The purpose of the article is to prove an importance of the use of interactive learning technologies in a multinational environment to develop compatibility between officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and NATO countries.Methods. Empirical and theoretical methods of research are used in the article.Results: 1) Applying of interactive learning technologies, involvement of foreign students-mentors and combination with multinational exercises significantly improve achievement of learning and training objectives of the course; 2) The role of an instructors is critical in leading of the education process in the framework of «instructs-students-team»;3) The course is crucial for the development of compatibility between officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and NATO countries.Originality. The article introduces an approach how to accelerate change of mentality and adapt officers to a multinational environment. Conclusion. The use of the interactive training model improves the course, develop situational and cultural awareness and adapt officers to a multinational environment. In the future, it is advisable to continue research on the study and formation of a multinational organizational culture. It can help to adapt a mentality of the Ukrainian military to the multinational environment of NATO. ; Применение интерактивных технологий обучения в проведении курса «Офицер многонационального штаба» позволило успешно достичь теоретические и практические цели курса. Также это дало возможность развить ситуационное и культурное сознание, быстро адаптировать всех участников обучения до многонациональной среды. Привлечение в состав учебной группы иностранных слушателей-менторов улучшило процесс обучения, способствовало установлению взаимопонимания и повышению эффективности работы многонационального штаба. Результаты анализа проведения курса показали, что он может быть важным инструментом для развития совместимости между офицерами ВС Украины и стран НАТО. ; Анотація. Для набуття взаємосумісності між офіцерами Збройних Сил України та країн НАТО проведено дослідження з використанням опитування, спостереження, порівняння, аналізу та синтезу. Доведено, що застосування інтерактивних технологій навчання та залучення іноземних слухачів-менторів у курсі «Офіцер багатонаціонального штабу» значно підвищує взаєморозуміння між військовослужбовцями різних країн, сприяє розвитку ситуативної та культурної свідомості, що значно підвищує ефективність роботи багатонаціонального штабу. Встановлено, що в багатонаціональному середовищі підвищується роль інструктора й існує необхідність впроваджувати інтерактивне спілкування у форматі єдиної команди. Визначено, що курс «Офіцер багатонаціонального штабу» є важливим інструментом для розвитку взаємосумісності між офіцерами Збройних Сил України та країн НАТО. Пропонується продовжити вивчення багатонаціональної організаційної культури для успішної адаптації ментальності українських військових до багатонаціонального середовища НАТО.

У статті розглянуто та досліджено систему комунікації під час пандемії на території України. Проаналізовано зміни в системі кризової комунікації на період стресової ситуації в державі та незмінні аспекти. Розглянуто інформаційну політику і комунікаційну стратегію у разі пандемії. Проаналізовано причини зривів постачання продукції та економічного колапсу в державі. Також розглянуто зміни у зовнішньому середовищі підприємств та можливості прийняття практичних рішень, які варто реалізувати, щоб забезпечити безперервність організації в умовах зростаючої загрози, в т. ч. відповідні структури та процедури антикризового управління, реорганізація режиму роботи команд, відповідня інфраструктуря та підтримкя інструментів, відповідне управління комунікаціями або ланцюгами поставок. ; The development of the Ukrainian state as one of the members of the world community is directly related to the process of solving problems of public administration, social development of crisis communication, which is impossible without scientific substantiation of the main directions of administrative and organizational creation of our statehood, theoretical and methodological basis, the functioning of public authorities in the field of protection of the population and the territory of Ukraine from the effects of a pandemic.This article considers and investigates the communication system during the pandemic in Ukraine. Changes in the system of crisis communication for the period of stress situation in the state and constant aspects are analyzed. The information policy and communication strategy in case of the pandemic are considered.The reasons for supply disruptions and economic collapse in the country are analyzed. Changes in the external environment of enterprises and opportunities for practical decisions that should be implemented in order to ensure the continuity of the organization in the face of growing threats, including appropriate crisis management structures and procedures, team reorganization, appropriate infrastructure and tool support, appropriate communications or supply chain management, are also considered.The information support of all organizational structures and the population is considered as a key factor of effective functioning, economic growth, socio-political stability and development of democratic principles in state governance. As a result, the ways and possibilities of crisis management of the activities of various organizational structures and the state as a whole, in the pandemic and unknown threats are analyzed. And also the crisis with its certain structure and life cycle is analyzed in detail, for approximate forecasting of its development and possible ways of the decision of the arisen problem. The construction of possible steps to neutralize crisis situations is considered and a number of conclusions are made for the continuous operation of enterprises and organizations.

This paper presents an applied methodology for the graphic documentation, analysis and criteria determination for the protection and conservation of built heritage. One of the main risks when restoring medieval rammed earth architecture is the lacking of an optimal graphic base of its structures. This paper's main objective is the holistic knowledge of the Pinar fortress (Granada), analysis the building sequence from an archaeological perspective, and performing a rigorous 3D survey of its structures as a fundamental procedure. This survey was carried out applying the new technologies in graphic documentation: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based multi-image photogrammetry and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) processing. The new systems of aerial three-dimensional (3D) capture and representation are changing the paradigm in the architectural heritage documentation, being much more efficient and precise. This high-quality documentation is fundamental for the archaeological research of the fortress' building sequence, remarkably easing research as well as results dissemination. The constructive techniques and building sequence study made with archaeological methodology has revealed the complex historical evolution of Pinar fortress, since it was built in the Almohad period, with important transformations in Nasrid and Castilian periods. These alterations in such a narrow span of time shed light on the importance of this fortification in the border organization in the Late Middle Ages. The experimentation with Building Information Modelling (BIM) tools applied to heritage (HBIM) is showing its great potential in processing data linked to conceptual models, integrating graphic documentation with archaeological and historical interpretation. Nevertheless, the complexity of historical buildings and the hard work of manual modelling are making its wider use in archaeology difficult. The BIM model of Pinar fortress has been enriched with data such as type of material, building technique, chronology, pathologies and modifications, differentiating the historical phases with specific colours to make its identification easier. Its aim is to acquire a better knowledge of the fortress historical evolution, thus allowing the creation of conservation and protection strategies. The holistic knowledge of a building is a complex task that requires the work of different professionals. The ones in charge of the graphic documentation must know the survey objectives and the needs of the rest of the team. The current and future management of heritage requires professionals working on conservation with updated skills in digital technologies. The results of public heritage research with these technologies should be in open access platforms to be used by all researchers and professionals that could need them.

Background Health policy in many countries directs treatment to the lowest effective care level and encourages collaboration between primary and specialist mental health care. A number of models for collaborative care have been developed, and patient benefits are being reported. Less is known about what enables and prevents implementation and sustainability of such models regarding the actions and attitudes of stakeholders on the ground. This article reports from a qualitative sub-study of a cluster-RCT testing a model for collaborative care in Oslo, Norway. The model involved the placement of psychologists and psychiatrists from a community mental health centre in each intervention GP practice. GPs could seek their input or advice when needed and refer patients to them for assessment (including assessment of the need for external services) or treatment. Methods We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with GPs (n = 7), CMHC specialists (n = 6) and patients (n = 11) in the intervention arm. Sample specific topic guides were used to investigate the experience of enablers and barriers to the collaborative care model. Data were subject to stepwise deductive-inductive thematic analysis. Results Participants reported positive experiences of how the model improved accessibility. First, co-location made GPs and CMHC specialists accessible to each other and facilitated detailed, patient-centred case collaboration and learning through complementary skills. The threshold for patients' access to specialist care was lowered, treatment could commence early, and throughput increased. Treatment episodes were brief (usually 5–10 sessions) and this was too brief according to some patients. Second, having experienced mental health specialists in the team and on the front line enabled early assessment of symptoms and of the type of treatment and service that patients required and were entitled to, and who could be treated at the GP practice. This improved both care pathways and referral practices. Barriers revolved around the organisation of care. Logistical issues could be tricky but were worked out. The biggest obstacle was the funding of health care at a structural level, which led to economic losses for both the GP practices and the CMHC, making the model unsustainable. Conclusions Participants identified a range of benefits of collaborative care for both patients and services. However, the funding system in effect penalises collaborative work. It is difficult to see how policy aiming for successful, sustainable collaboration can be achieved without governments changing funding structures. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03624829.

Peacemakers Project team members: Koç University: Project Coordinator: Nilüfer Akpınar Şahin,Scientific Coordinator: Dr. Şebnem Köşer Akçapar, Project Assistant: Bora Berke Şahin; Universidade Aberta: Doutor Mário José Filipe da Silva, Doutor Lúcio Sousa, Doutora Rosa Maria Sequeira, Doutor Joaquim Gronita, Prof. Doutora Natália Ramos; University of Bologna: Prof. Monica Rubini, Prof. Silvia Moscatelli, Dr. Michela Menegatti, Dr. Elisabetta Crocetti, Dr. Francesca Prati, Dr. Flavia Albarello; Erasmus University Rotterdam: Phyllis Livaha; Gaziantep University: Prof. Dr. Metin Bedir, Ins. Simge Akbaş; Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin: Dr. Matthes, Ms. Kristin Küter. ; The ongoing refugee crisis in Europe and Turkey reinforced xenophobic and anti-immigrant sentiment, manifested in attacks on migrants, and those perceived as foreigners and support for populist anti-immigration parties in many European Union (EU) states. In many of the EU member states, high levels of immigration appear to have produced an increase in hostility toward immigrants (Quillian 1995; McLaren 1996b), increased support for right-wing parties (Knigge 1998; Lewis-Beck & Mitchell 1993), and even produced violent right-wing behaviour (McLaren 1999). "In September, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra'ad al-Hussein warned leaders of populist parties in Europe about the corrosive effect on societies of their instrumentalization of bigotry and xenophobia for political ends." (Human Rights Watch, 2017). As we see this trend continuing in Europe and Turkey, the question to ask is how to reduce intergroup prejudice and discrimination in order to promote inter-ethnic social inclusion. Indeed, immigration is very often source of "shock of the culture" for both native and immigrant people, often leading to what is called the "integration crisis", that is, a conflictual situation among individuals with different geographical, cultural, or ethnic background. Such crisis is often caused by the necessity for individuals to redefine social interactions and norms that are adaptive for all social groups. To do this, it is essential to understand the perspective of both native, or the majority, and immigrant people, or the minority group. Research on social integration has shown that the inclusion of the new members in the host societies is the basis for social cohesion (Fleras, 2009), and continuous positive contacts between members of different groups (Allport, 1954) are necessary, as they increase native people' knowledge about immigrants and vice versa, then break prejudices and stereotypes, facilitating the social cohesion. ; With the support of the Erasmus+ Program of the European Union ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In October 2019, a Swiss panel of experts met for the Dementia Summit in Brunnen, Switzerland, to discuss the latest scientific findings on basic and clinical research, as well as practical and political approaches to the challenges of dementia disorders in Switzerland. Here, we present the conference summary. To study pathophysiological changes, as well as the underlying mechanism of fluid biomarker changes, excellent experimental approaches, including transgenic mouse models, are available. Current knowledge about presymptomatic disease progression is largely derived from the longitudinal study of individuals with autosomal dominant mutations (Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network). Importantly, more than one third of identified dementia risk factors can be modified. For example, sleep disturbances are not only associated with dementia and neurodegeneration in specific brain regions, but also precede cognitive decline and contribute to the development of brain pathology. Regarding the neuropsychological examination of dementia disorders, standardised tests of social cognition, one of the six cognitive domains that must be assessed according to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, are missing, but now under development. The most important new therapeutic approach in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is the current attempt to prevent β-amyloid accumulation. While until now clinical studies have failed because of side effects or insufficient clinical effectiveness, Biogen recently announced positive results of high doses of aducanumab, a monoclonal antibody against β-amyloid. Other approaches also show promise. In China, sodium oligomannate has been approved to treat Alzheimer's disease. The substance suppresses gut bacterial amino acids-shaped neuroinflammation to inhibit Alzheimer's disease progression. Assistive technologies for dementia patients can help identify relevant information for care and nursing, as well as measurements for clinical interventions. Dementia patients have a high risk of developing delirium, even in the home environment. Therefore, it is necessary to use and further develop multi-disciplinary and systematic detection and prevention strategies. Homecare models for dementia patients with multidisciplinary teams have been established and evaluated and should be expanded. Dementia is the third-leading cause of death in Switzerland. In palliative care for severe dementia, the improvement of quality of life is of primary importance. The goals of the National Dementia Strategy, to increase the quality of life in those affected and to reduce taboos surrounding the disease, are still unrealised. The need for further national and regional engagement in order to implement the different findings of the strategy has largely been acknowledged, and these implementations have become the core tasks of a national dementia platform.

Argentina faces the challenge of transforming the secondary school in order to achieve its universalization and improve the learning it provides. This article proposes to reconstruct the conditioning scenarios of three recent provincial policies of secondary transformation ("New Format" in Tucumán, PROA in Córdoba and the reform of the secondary school in Río Negro). The following dimensions are explored: the differential resources they have -financial as well as the human resources that make up the technical teams-, the participation and the consensus achieved with other actors of civil society and the educational community, the available teaching profiles and training policies. The selected cases are public initiatives that are based on a diagnosis of the limits of the school format and the traditional pedagogical proposal of the secondary school, problematizing the relationship that the school establishes with knowledge and contemporary culture, focusing on other forms of pedagogical work and student learning. The analysis of the elements that condition the development of these policies allows us to reflect on the theories of change that they put into play, as well as to establish some questions about the political role that the provincial states are assuming. ; Argentina se enfrenta al desafío de transformar la secundaria a fin de alcanzar su universalización y mejorar los aprendizajes que brinda. Este artículo se propone reconstruir los escenarios condicionantes de tres políticas provinciales recientes de transformación de la secundaria (Nuevo Formato de Tucumán, Programa PROA en Córdoba y la reforma de la secundaria en Río Negro). Se exploran las siguientes dimensiones: los recursos diferenciales con los que cuentan —tanto económico–financieros como los humanos que conforman los equipos técnicos—, la participación y generación de consensos con otros actores de la sociedad civil y la comunidad educativa, los perfiles docentes disponibles y las políticas de formación. Los casos seleccionados resultan iniciativas estatales que se basan en un diagnóstico de los límites del formato y de la propuesta pedagógica tradicional de la secundaria, avanzando en una problematización de la relación que la escuela entabla con el conocimiento y la cultura contemporánea, poniendo foco en otras formas de trabajo pedagógico y de aprendizajes de los estudiantes. El análisis de los elementos que condicionan el desarrollo de estas políticas permite reflexionar sobre las teorías de cambio que ponen en juego, así como establecer algunos interrogantes sobre el rol político que están asumiendo los estados provinciales.

Abstract
An analysis of the relationship between Jan III Sobieski and the people he distinguished shows that there were many mutual benefits. Social promotion was more difficult if the candidate for the office did not come from a senatorial family34. It can be assumed that, especially in the case of Atanazy Walenty Miączyński, the economic activity in the Sobieski family was conducive to career development. However, the function of the plenipotentiary was not a necessary condition for this. Not all the people distinguished by Jan III Sobieski achieved the same. More important offices were entrusted primarily to Marek Matczyński. Stanisław Zygmunt Druszkiewicz's career was definitely less brilliant. Druszkiewicz joined the group of senators thanks to Jan III, and Matczyński and Szczuka received ministerial offices only during the reign of Sobieski. Jan III certainly counted on the ability to manage a team of people acquired by his comrades-in-arms in the course of his military service. However, their other advantage was also important - good orientation in political matters and exerting an appropriate influence on the nobility.
The economic basis of the magnate's power is an issue that requires more extensive research. This issue was primarily of interest to historians dealing with latifundia in the 18th century. This was mainly due to the source material. Latifundial documentation was kept much more regularly in the 18th century than before and is well-organized. The economic activity of the magnate was related not only to the internal organization of landed estates. It cannot be separated from the military, because the goal of the magnate's life was politics and, very often, also war. Despite its autonomy, the latifundium wasn't isolated. Despite the existence of the decentralization process of the state, the magnate families remained in contact with the weakening center of the state and influenced changes in its social structure. The actual strength of the magnate family was determined not only by the area of land goods, but above all by their profitability, which depended on several factors: geographic location and natural conditions, the current situation on the economic market, and the management method adopted by the magnate. In the 17th century, crisis phenomena, visible in demography, agricultural and crafts production, money and trade, intensified. In these realities, attempts by Jan III Sobieski to reconstruct the lands destroyed by the war and to introduce military rigor in the management center did not bring the expected results. Sobieski, however, introduced "new people" to the group of senators, who implemented his policy at the sejmiks and the Parliament, participated in military expeditions and managed his property.

Global health has developed as a concept over the past 25 years and signifies the efforts by a host of transnational actors directed toward health equity across the world. A holistic enterprise, global health involves not only the improvement of healthcare, but also embraces academic, political and educational perspectives. The complexity and scale of this endeavour challenges reductive approaches to intervention: many efforts to make matters better either do not work, or do not work as intended. As a result, there is a growing recognition of the importance of taking a systems approach to global health, yet without a clear articulation of what this means. This thesis seeks to answer the question of what is meant by a systems approach to global health. It explores the use of the word 'systems' in the global health literature, and widens this contextual understanding to some of the extensive literature on both systems thinking and systems practice. While a systems approach to global health is not currently clearly defined, systems engineering is identified as a highly developed, codified, body of knowledge which marries systems thinking with systems practice and which has been advocated as being relevant to healthcare. A recent consensus systems approach to healthcare improvement from the UK, at the interface of engineering and medicine, is identified as a candidate model for global health. A programme of primary research is described to assess the extent to which this systems approach to healthcare improvement is applicable to the broader enterprise of global health. The research takes the form of two embedded projects, across two countries, using narrative analysis to understand the lived experience of a range of global health actors. This experience is then synthesised using a framework approach to adapt both the content and structure of the candidate model. The result, a systems approach to global health, is presented as both a working definition and a visual model. The strengths of this model are also its limitations: while directly informed by the lived experience of those communities accessible to the research team, it remains silent on the experience of those beyond their purview. A future programme of action research is planned to refine the model, working within the global health community. ; NIHR Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma WD Armstrong PhD Studentship

Uchwalenie dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2013/11/UE z 21.05.2013 r. w sprawie alternatywnych metod rozstrzygania sporów konsumenckich oraz zmiany rozporządzenia (WE) nr 2006/2004 i dyrektywy 2009/22/WE oraz rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) nr 524/2013 z dnia 21.05.2013 r. w sprawie internetowego systemu rozstrzygania sporów konsumenckich oraz zmiany rozporządzenia (WE) nr 2006/2004 i dyrektywy 2009/22/WE miało na celu umożliwienie konsumentom rozstrzyganie sporów z przedsiębiorcami z wykorzystaniem alternatywnych metod ich rozwiązywania. By zapewnić konsumentom realizację praw przyznanych im przez prawo unijne, w drodze implementacji rozporządzeń doszło do zmiany ustawy z dnia 3.07.2003r. – Prawo lotnicze (tj. Dz.U. z 2019r., poz. 1580), na mocy której powstała instytucja Rzecznika Praw Pasażerów przy Urzędzie Lotnictwa Cywilnego, który jest podmiotem uprawnionym do prowadzenia postępowania w sprawie pozasądowego rozwiązywania sporów konsumenckich między pasażerem a przewoźnikiem lotniczym, organizatorem turystyki albo sprzedającym bilety lotnicze, wpisanym do rejestru podmiotów uprawnionych . Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu zaprezentowanie regulacji prawnej dotyczącej postępowania przed Rzecznikiem, ze wskazaniem pozycji ustrojowej Rzecznika Praw Pasażerów oraz jego zespołu. ; The adoption of Directive 2013/11/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21.05.2013 on alternative dispute resolution methods for the settlement of consumer disputes and amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 and Directive 2009/22/EC and Regulation (EU) No 524/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21.05.2013 on the online system of consumer disputes resolution and amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 and Directive 2009/22/EC, was intended to enable consumers to resolve disputes with entrepreneurs using alternative dispute resolution methods. In order to ensure that consumers can exercise the rights granted to them by EU law, by way of implementation of the Regulations there has been an amendment of the Act of 3 July 2003 - Aviation law (i.e. Journal of Laws of 2019, item 1580), on the basis of which the institution of the Passenger Ombudsman at the Civil Aviation Office was established, which is an entity entitled to conduct proceedings for the out-of-court settlement of consumer disputes between a passenger and an air carrier, tour operator, or seller of air tickets, entered into the register of entitled entities. The purpose of this study is to present the legal regulation concerning proceedings before the Ombudsman, indicating the political position of the Passenger Ombudsman and his team using analytical and comparative research methods.

En el presente trabajo se busca reflexionar, en el marco del giro democrático de los años 80s en la región que incluyó también a las Ciencias Humanas y a la Antropología en particular, sobre la emergencia y devenir de un tema impensado en los inicios de mi carrera en el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la Ciudad de La Plata: las políticas públicas en seguridad abordadas desde una perspectiva antropológica. Como área específica de ese gran tema, se presentarán trabajos de investigación propios sobre el cruce de la seguridad-inseguridad con una dimensión fuertemente invocada en democracia: la participación comunitaria. Además se intenta articularlo con otros aportes antropológicos a la comprensión de esta problemática que marcó a fuego la historia argentina reciente desde la recuperación democrática, y que hicieron posible una presencia pública inédita de la Antropología, en especial gracias a los trabajos del Equipo Argentino de Antropología Forense. ; This paper seeks to reflect, within the framework of the democratic turn of the 80s in the region that also included Human Sciences and Anthropology in particular, on the emergence and becoming of an unthinkable topic at the beginning of my career in the Museum of Natural Sciences of the City of La Plata: public security policies addressed from an anthropological perspective. As a specific area of this great theme, own research papers on the crossing of security-insecurity with a dimension strongly invoked in democracy will be presented: community participation. It also attempts to articulate it with other anthropological contributions to the understanding of this problem that marked the recent Argentine history since the democratic recovery, and that made possible an unpublished public presence of Anthropology, especially thanks to the work of the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team. ; Este artigo procura refletir, no marco da virada democrática dos anos 80 na região, que também incluía ciências humanas e antropologia em particular, o surgimento e o devenir de um tópico impensável no início de minha carreira em Museu de Ciências Naturais da cidade de La Plata: políticas de segurança pública abordadas sob uma perspectiva antropológica. Como área específica desse grande tema, serão apresentados trabalhos de pesquisa próprios sobre o cruzamento da insegurança de segurança com uma dimensão fortemente invocada na democracia: participação da comunidade. Também tenta articulá-lo com outras contribuições antropológicas para a compreensão deste problema que marcou a história recente da Argentina desde a recuperação democrática e que possibilitou uma presença pública inédita da Antropologia, principalmente graças ao trabalho da Equipe Argentina de Antropologia Forense.

Introduction. Specifics of training and work in a multinational environment create conditions that complicate the work of the headquarters and reduce its effectiveness.The purpose of the article is to prove an importance of the use of interactive learning technologies in a multinational environment to develop compatibility between officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and NATO countries.Methods. Empirical and theoretical methods of research are used in the article.Results: 1) Applying of interactive learning technologies, involvement of foreign students-mentors and combination with multinational exercises significantly improve achievement of learning and training objectives of the course; 2) The role of an instructors is critical in leading of the education process in the framework of «instructs-students-team»;3) The course is crucial for the development of compatibility between officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and NATO countries.Originality. The article introduces an approach how to accelerate change of mentality and adapt officers to a multinational environment. Conclusion. The use of the interactive training model improves the course, develop situational and cultural awareness and adapt officers to a multinational environment. In the future, it is advisable to continue research on the study and formation of a multinational organizational culture. It can help to adapt a mentality of the Ukrainian military to the multinational environment of NATO. ; Применение интерактивных технологий обучения в проведении курса «Офицер многонационального штаба» позволило успешно достичь теоретические и практические цели курса. Также это дало возможность развить ситуационное и культурное сознание, быстро адаптировать всех участников обучения до многонациональной среды. Привлечение в состав учебной группы иностранных слушателей-менторов улучшило процесс обучения, способствовало установлению взаимопонимания и повышению эффективности работы многонационального штаба. Результаты анализа проведения курса показали, что он может быть важным инструментом для развития совместимости между офицерами ВС Украины и стран НАТО. ; Анотація. Для набуття взаємосумісності між офіцерами Збройних Сил України та країн НАТО проведено дослідження з використанням опитування, спостереження, порівняння, аналізу та синтезу. Доведено, що застосування інтерактивних технологій навчання та залучення іноземних слухачів-менторів у курсі «Офіцер багатонаціонального штабу» значно підвищує взаєморозуміння між військовослужбовцями різних країн, сприяє розвитку ситуативної та культурної свідомості, що значно підвищує ефективність роботи багатонаціонального штабу. Встановлено, що в багатонаціональному середовищі підвищується роль інструктора й існує необхідність впроваджувати інтерактивне спілкування у форматі єдиної команди. Визначено, що курс «Офіцер багатонаціонального штабу» є важливим інструментом для розвитку взаємосумісності між офіцерами Збройних Сил України та країн НАТО. Пропонується продовжити вивчення багатонаціональної організаційної культури для успішної адаптації ментальності українських військових до багатонаціонального середовища НАТО.

International audience ; This article discusses a survey carried out in an organization providing at-home educational assistance that was experimenting with an enhanced system to work with users and develop their capability to act. Questions around the translation of the request show problematic situations of withdrawal in which the assistance is ceased even though the needs remain and a request is made. Looking at one case highlights a process of mutual claims of (in)capability : the educational team points the finger at the omnipotence of the mother, who "thwarts" the assistance, whereas the mother reproaches the educational bodies for being "incapable" of helping her son. The withdrawal is therefore an indication of the social workers' inability to act. This situation shows how differences in representations and respective expectations, as well as in timeframes and logics of action, trigger resistance and discontinuance. The article raises the question of the effectiveness of the rights of families in their relationships with children's social assistance services, and of the efficacy of the educational assistance. Beyond the discretionary power of professionals, the translations and decisions made call into question the relevance of social policies and the conditions of their implementation on the local scale. ; L'article rend compte d'une enquête menée au sein d'une association exerçant des mesures d'assistance éducative à domicile qui expérimente un dispositif renforcé afin de faire avec les usagers et de développer leur capacité d'agir. Partant d'un questionnement sur la traduction de la demande, celle-ci révèle des situations problématiques de mainlevée où il est mis fin à la mesure alors que les besoins demeurent et qu'une demande s'exprime. La reprise d'un cas met à jour un procès réciproque en (in)capacité : l'équipe éducative pointe la toute-puissance de la mère qui « met en échec » la mesure, tandis que celle-ci reproche aux instances éducatives d'être « incapables » d'aider son fils. La mainlevée signe alors l'impuissance des travailleurs sociaux à agir. Cette situation donne à voir comment les décalages dans les représentations et attentes respectives comme dans les temporalités et logiques d'action provoquent de la résistance et du décrochage. Le texte pose la question de l'effectivité des droits des familles dans leurs rapports avec les services de l'aide sociale à l'enfance et de l'efficacité du dispositif d'assistance éducative. Au-delà du pouvoir discrétionnaire des professionnels, les traductions et décisions prises interrogent la pertinence des politiques sociales et les conditions de leur mise en œuvre à l'échelle locale.

Introduction: While medicine shortages are complex, their mitigation is more of a challenge. Prospective risk assessment as a means to mitigate possible shortages, has yet to be applied equally across healthcare settings. The aims of this study have been to: 1) gain insight into risk-prevention against possible medicine shortages among healthcare experts; 2) review existing strategies for minimizing patient-health risks through applied risk assessment; and 3) learn from experiences related to application in practice. Methodology: A semi-structured questionnaire focusing on medicine shortages was distributed electronically to members of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action 15105 (28 member countries) and to hospital pharmacists of the European Association of Hospital Pharmacists (EAHP) (including associated healthcare professionals). Their answers were subjected to both qualitative and quantitative analysis (Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS Statistics®) with descriptive statistics based on the distribution of responses. Their proportional difference was tested by the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test for independence. Differences in the observed ordinal variables were tested by the Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test. The qualitative data were tabulated and recombined with the quantitative data to observe, uncover and interpret meanings and patterns. Results: The participants (61.7%) are aware of the use of risk assessment procedures as a coping strategy for medicine shortages, and named the particular risk assessment procedure they are familiar with failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) (26.4%), root cause analysis (RCA) (23.5%), the healthcare FMEA (HFMEA) (14.7%), and the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) (14.7%). Only 29.4% report risk assessment as integrated into mitigation strategy protocols. Risk assessment is typically conducted within multidisciplinary teams (35.3%). Whereas 14.7% participants were aware of legislation stipulating risk assessment implementation in shortages, 88.2% claimed not to have reported their findings to their respective official institutions. 85.3% consider risk assessment a useful mitigation strategy. Conclusion: The study indicates a lack of systematically organized tools used to prospectively analyze clinical as well as operationalized risk stemming from medicine shortages in healthcare. There is also a lack of legal instruments and sufficient data confirming the necessity and usefulness of risk assessment in mitigating medicine shortages in Europe. © Copyright © 2020 Miljković, Godman, Kovačević, Polidori, Tzimis, Hoppe-Tichy, Saar, Antofie, Horvath, De Rijdt, Vida, Kkolou, Preece, Tubić, Peppard, Martinez, Yubero, Haddad, Rajinac, Zelić, Jenzer, Tartar, Gitler, Jeske, Davidescu, Beraud, Kuruc-Poje, Haag, Fischer, Sviestina, Ljubojević, Markestad, Vujić-Aleksić, Nežić, Crkvenčić, Linnolahti, Ašanin, Duborija-Kovačević, Bochenek, Huys and Miljković.