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One of the main characteristics of modern day economic activity is the increasing number of companies withemployees, producible goods and services provided that are constantly crossing national borders. The internationalizationof activity of organizations over the past 15 years is concurrent with the globalization of managementprocesses. Companies with fewer than 20 employees are becoming increasingly active in this process and theirinfluence on the economic and social results of nations are at a constant growth. In this respect, it can justifiably besaid that an organization's successful practice is mostly predicated by their managers' preparation to get involvedin the processes of the times, when one of the main aspects of their activity becomes the ability to involve humanresources in the changes that time has wrought and to effectively organize the activity of their employees. This is ofprime significance to Lithuanian organizations, because studies conducted in the field of human resources illustratethat most organization leaders have insufficient competence to involve their personnel in change while alsoactively integrating in the processes of current times themselves. Remarks made by European Union (EU) expertsthat Lithuania should pay more attention to investment to immaterial assets, remain relevant to this day.The first section of the article outlines the viewpoint of Lithuanian and foreign management professionals onmanagement theories and characteristics of practice in an environment of new challenges, and the portrait of amanager in the world of the present. K Adams (1996) notes that managers operating in an international environmenthave little to do with manager activity solely based on the national characteristics of their country. It isacknowledged in the article that globalization of management necessitates pursuit of reconciliation of internal andexternal environments and demands for constant changes within its organizations. Accordingly, managers have toinitiate change and pursue managing the ...

What does 'anticapitalism' really mean for the politics and culture of the twenty-first century? Anticapitalism is an idea which, despite going global, remains rooted in the local, persisting as a loose collection of grassroots movements and actions. Anticapitalism needs to develop a coherent and cohering philosophy, something which cultural theory and the intellectual legacy of the New Left can help to provide, notably through the work of key radical thinkers, such as Ernesto Laclau, Stuart Hall, Antonio Negri, Gilles Deleuze and Judith Butler. Anticapitalism and Culture argues that there is a strong relationship between the radical tradition of cultural studies and the new political movements which try to resist corporate globalization. Indeed, the two need each other: whilst theory can shape and direct the huge diversity of anticapitalist activism, the energy and sheer political engagement of the anticapitalist movement can breathe new life into cultural studies.Anticapitalism is an idea which, despite going global, remains rooted in the local, persisting as a loose collection of grassroots movements and actions. This work argues that there is a strong relationship between the radical tradition of cultural studies and the new political movements which try to resist corporate globalization. Introduction 1. A political history of cultural studies, part one: The Post-War Years 2. A political history of cultural studies, part two: The Politics of Defeat 3. Another World is Possible: The Anti-Capitalist Movement 4. (Anti)Capitalism and Culture 5. Ideas in Action: Rhizomatics, Radical Democracy, and the Power of the Multitude 6. Mapping the Territory: Prospects for Resistance in the Neoliberal Conjuncture 7. Beyond the Activist Imaginary: Nomadic Strategies for the New Partisans Conclusion - Liberating the Collective Bibliography Index

I want to refer in this work to the political theory of Jürgen Habermas taking as a perspective two concepts that have occupied the world's attention with great intensity for almost 30 years: globalization and, in a convergent way, nationalism. In the 1980s, another event would precipitate the relevance of these themes: the fall of so-called "real socialism". Habermas has not been left out of discussions on issues relevant to Europe, and in particular to his country, Germany, where he participates in an intense and supportive way, and globalization and nationalism were no exception, as can be seen in Immediate manner in at least its Die Postnationale Konstelation. I am interested in explaining in this thesis how he participated and, although less extensively, how he was taken by the various interpreters of his work his participation in the debate on these subjects. ; Quiero referirme en este trabajo a la teoría política de Jürgen Habermas teniendo como perspectiva a dos conceptos que ocupan la atención mundial con gran intensidad desde hace cerca de 30 años: la globalización y, de manera convergente, el nacionalismo. En la década de 1980, otro acontecimiento precipitaría la relevancia de estos temas: la caída del denominado "socialismo real". Habermas no ha permanecido al margen de los debates sobre temas relevantes para Europa y, en particular, para su país, Alemania, en los que participa de manera intensa y aportativa, y la globalización y el nacionalismo no fueron la excepción, como puede constatarse de manera inmediata en por lo menos su Die Postnationale Konstelation. Me interesa exponer en esta tesis cómo participó y, aunque de manera menos extensa, cómo fue tomada por los diversos intérpretes de su obra su participación en el debate sobre estos temas.

Globalization is one of the defining features of the contemporary world, but there is considerable controversy regarding its nature, impact, and future trends. Globalization has resulted in rapidly growing international flows of import and export goods, capital and direct invenstments. The services sector nowadays has expanded in scope beyond thetraditional activities in finance, transport, travel and telecommunication and audio-visual services to a host of professional services such as software and information services, engineering and legal services, e-commerce and other internet-based service offerings. After post second world war period, this growth of services have shown a dramatic increase in most of the developed countries of the world. Improving information and communicating technologies (ICT) intensified international interaction, increased competition and volume of global trade, while creating new challenges for labor. The purpose of his study is to show the dynamics of globalisation and its effects on international trade and labor force, providing some policy outcomes for he world in general, and Turkey. ; Küreselleşme günümüz dünyasının açıklayıcı özelliklerinden birini oluşturmaktadır ama yinede küreselleşmenin yapısı, etkileri ve gelecek trendleri üzerine önemli tartışmalar yaşanmaktadır. Küreselleşme uluslararası ithalat ve ihracat ürünlerinin, paranın ve doğrudan yatırımların uluslararası hareketinin gelişmesi sonucunda oluşmuştur. Hizmet sektörü günümüzde uluslararası bir çok alanda özellikle finans, ulaşım, seyahat ve teleküminasyon ve e-hizmet, e-ticaret ve bilgi topluma dayalı geniş bir uygulama faaliyetleri kapsamaktadır. Özellikle ikinci dünya savaşından sonra gelişmiş ülkelerin bir çoğunda büyük bir artış hızı göstermektedir. Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin(ICT) gelişmesi, uluslararası etkileşimin şiddetini arttırmakta bu da işçilik için yeni tehditler oluştururken rekabet ve küresel ticaret oranlarını arttırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı küreselleşmenin dinamiklerini ve küreselleşmenin uluslararası ticaret ve işgücü üzerindeki etkisini dünya genelinde ve Türkiye'deki çeşitli politikalar neticesinde göstermektir

En este texto pretendo (tras una contextualización histórica del surgimiento de la agricultura industrializada mostrando sus formas de degradación) pasar a caracterizar el proceso de globalización económica y su articulación con el neoliberalismo en lo que ya se acepta a conceptualizar como "sociedad del riesgo", en la actual "era informacional" del capitalismo. Así, una vez establecidas las formas de degradación de los "recursos naturales" (que se suman a los históricos y nuevos mecanismos de explotación social) pasamos a caracterizar la Agroecología y el papel que ésta puede jugar en la "re" construcción de la soberanía alimentaria. Se presenta, así, la Agroecología como una respuesta al deterioro que el modo industrial de uso de los recursos naturales está generando tanto a la naturaleza como a la sociedad. Respuesta desarrollada básicamente desde la práctica de las experiencias de naturaleza agroecológica (tanto desde el Centro como desde la Periferia) y sistematizada desde quienes les acompañamos; que parece comenzar a articularse con los movimientos sociales que organizan la disidencia al neoliberalismo y la globalización (Sevilla Guzmán & Martínez Alier 2006). ; This text is an attempt to characterize the articulation between Economic Globalization process and Neoliberal Capitalism of the today's Informational Era into the so-called "Risk Society", from an agricultural perspective. After an historical contextualization, the rise of the (both: social and ecological) degradation forms generated by the Industrial Mode of Use of natural resources are analyzed. Later on we defi nes Agroecology as a social collective action in response to such as degradation forms, raised from farming experiences that seems articulate together with the dissident of Social Movements against Neoliberalism and Globalization (Sevilla Guzmán &Martinez Allier 2006).

The globalization and integration processes significantly changed the business environment of the nation business entities. Because of the greater possibilities for access to new markets, resources and technologies business is now facing various challenges. One of the greatest challenges is the growing competition, which has already gone beyond the nation boundaries and lost its nation character. Under globalization the response to this challenge depends both on the qualities of the organization and (to a very large extent) on the macroeconomic efforts resulting from the state policy. In other words, the prosperity of every country depends on the performance of the domestic business entities and the success of the business entities depends on the regulations, policies and activities of the country. Newspapers, books, TV reports, government information or international organizations prepare comparisons of competitiveness, spread of participating in surveys countries, informs about the competitive struggle between countries for a bigger market of their products. For example, annual World Competitiveness Yearbook writes about most successful, i. e. competitive, 49 world countries, using 286 criteria. Countries can be characterized by different level of competitiveness in the global market: the countries with growing competitiveness (like Japan); leading countries, capable to maintain their high positions in the global market (like USA); countries which have lose their high competitiveness positions (as the United Kingdom); and countries with low level of competitiveness (as less developed countries). Countries compete in enlarging their international trade and getting bigger incomes, to attract productive investment and to build their nation production and increase their international competitive position and the main thing – to expand payment balance. Nowadays countries compete as direct competitors for international markets. Authorities in all countries continually work with the problems of international trade. ...

The (post)modern economy finds itself undoubtedly in the center of a large scale, deeply contradictory and uncertain current transformation of the world. Together with the (post)modern technologies, it composes the dominant core of the globalizing processes, often referred to as globalization. The key features and especially the accumulated consequences of these processes pose a challenge for scientific and theoretical thought in the form of essential questions and dilemmas which are in the last instance tied to the impact of globalization on the quality and meaning of human life. This problem relates as much to individuals as it does to different social groups and human communities, that is to the entire humanity as such. This paper attempts to problematic these contradictory relationships between global corporative economy as an instrumental value and the human liberty as a substantive that is the highest value in itself (summum bonum), which gives meaning and dignity to human life. Therefore, if economy in one form or another covers most of human practical activity, then it is certain that it can have a decisive impact on the most fundamental value of human life, that is the value of freedom (individual, general; internal and external). Of course, the spectrum of economy can act either way - as an encouragement or as often happens, as a deterrent to expansion of human freedom. This paper aims to briefly indicate some causes, characteristics and consequences of global economic processes which, as it seems paradoxically, contribute more to narrowing than to widening room for human liberty, or they simply generate proliferation of "hedonism of non-freedom". Is this another case of "surplus of knowledge" and "deficit of wisdom" that so strongly characterizes our time or something else?.

Books Reviewed: Peter Isard, Globalization and the International Financial System: What's Wrong and What Can be Done Matthew Odedokun (ed.), External Finance for Private Sector Development: Appraisals and Issues Sunanda Sen, Global Finance at Risk: On Real Stagnation and Instability Susanne Soederberg, The Politics of the New International Financial Architecture: Reimposing Neoliberal Domination in the Global South Anne Marie Goetz and Rob Jenkins, Reinventing Accountability: Making Democracy Work for Human Development Patricia L. McCarney and Richard E. Stren (eds), Governance on the Ground: Innovations and Discontinuities in Cities of the Developing World Michael Carley, Paul Jenkins and Harry Smith (eds), Urban Development & Civil Society: The Role of Communities in Sustainable Cities David Potts, Patrick Ryan and Anna Toner (eds), Development Planning and Poverty Reduction Feargal Cochrane, Rosaleen Duffy and Jan Selby (eds), Global Governance, Conflict and Resistance Pranab Bardhan, Scarcity, Conflicts, and Cooperation: Essays in the Political and Institutional Economics of Development Lyuba Zarsky (ed.), Human Rights and the Environment: Conflict and Norms in a Globalizing World Krishna B. Ghimire (ed.), The Native Tourist: Mass Tourism within Developing Countries Donald G. Reid, Tourism, Globalization and Development: Responsible Tourism Planning Rosaleen Duffy A Trip Too Far. Ecotourism, Politics and Exploitation Kees Jansen and Sietze Vellema (eds), Agribusiness and Society: Corporate Responses to Environmentalism, Market Opportunities and Public Regulation Ashok Gulati, Ruth M. Dick and K. V. Raju, Institutional Reforms in Indian Irrigation Robin Clarke and Jannet King, The Atlas of Water: Mapping the World's Most Critical Resource Janelle Plummer and John G Taylor (eds), Community Participation in China: Issues and Processes for Capacity Building Tunde Zack‐Williams, Diane Frost and Alex Thomson (eds), Africa in Crisis: New Challenges and Possibilities

Democratic politics might be defined as the agonistic struggle of different parties, groups or individuals over resources, recognition and influence under reciprocal and inclusive conditions. It is based on an unconditional orientation to equality as well as freedom of all those involved to consent to - or dissent from - the norms, policies and practices that are established in the process of public dialogue. This article reconstructs the general agent-based capabilities required for a democratically defined public sphere under conditions of globalization. Making capabilities central is intended to correct a certain over-emphasis regarding institutional macro-structures in the discourse on globalization and cosmopolitanism. After setting the stage with a critical analysis of Martha Nussbaum's concept of capabilities, the analysis proceeds in two major steps. In the first part, a notion of hermeneutic agency is introduced that avoids a Foucauldian reduction of agency to power structures, while thoroughly situating agency in a symbolically mediated social context. The symbolic mediation of agency is, in the second part, taken as a ground of potentiality for reflexive capabilities that, once actualized and enacted, allow for a normatively satisfying process of public deliberation. The aim of the analysis is to relate a normative model of value-orientation to the linguistically grounded empirical resources of social agents. The core argument lays out as basic capabilities (1) to be able to normatively orient oneself at contextually defined yet universally open postconventional commitments, (2) to be able to engage in an interpretive and dialogical perspective-taking vis-a-vis differently situated agents and backgrounds, and (3) to be able to critically distance oneself from one's taken-for-granted assumptions and background structures via a power-alert social reflexivity.

Abstract:  In East Asia the rural society is not a society based upon agricultural industry anymore and the peasant society with its long history has been disappearing. The occupation and income sources of rural inhabitants have diversified and among them those who specialized in farming are the minority. There is a shortage of rural labor, which used to be abundant in the past, and presently it is not as easy to hire the farm workers. The reason for the diversification of the rural occupations is, to put it simply, because people cannot live merely on farm income. Indeed the farm operation costs have become more expensive due to labor saving techniques, but the livelihood costs have become more expensive due the new uniform lifestyle standards from globalization. Electric machines and education are the typical of these increased costs. The background of this rural change is industrialization and urbanization in the context of globalization and its strong impact is penetrating into the rural society through the regional urban center as the relay point of the global mechanism. This change is different based upon the location of each rural society. Generally, rural societies around a big urban center enjoy opportunities for the younger generation, but remote areas have serious problems with few employment opportunities and a smaller youth population. To reproduce and sustain the regional society as a whole, it is necessary to attract younger people and make them stay. We should plan to develop a variety of industries and the resultant diversified work opportunities in the broader region beyond the narrowly demarcated village and community. Subsistence and commercial agriculture might merely be a part of such diversity.

International audience ; After the collapse of the Soviet Union, many researchers announced a happy globalization. Capitalism was then considered to be the most efficient economic system, leading inevitably to the end of wars (as Proudhon had already hoped in his time) and to an optimal social situation, with the forthcoming victory of liberal democracy. Of course, other economists have predicted economic conflicts between states, the loss of influence of states in relation to multinational firms, the rise of integrated regionalism. However, in a little more than a decade, the United States has begun to lose influence, the war in Iraq has begun, China is gradually becoming a great power to be reckoned with, and capitalism itself is being combined with several forms and regimes that are notably different from the liberal illusion Globalisation, guerre, guerre économique, régionalisme, paix Globalization, war, economic war, regionalism, peace. ; Après l'effondrement de l'Union soviétique, nombre de chercheurs ont annoncé une mondialisation heureuse. Le capitalisme était alors considéré comme le système économique les plus performant, conduisant inéluctablement à la fin des guerres (ce qu'avait d'ailleurs déjà espéré en son temps Proudhon) et à une situation sociale optimale, avec la victoire prochaine de la démocratie libérale. Certes, d'autres économistes ont annoncé les conflits économiques entre les Etats, la perte d'influence des Etats par rapport aux firmes multinationales, l'essor du régionalisme intégré. Cependant, en un peu plus d'une décennie, les Etats-Unis ont commencé à perdre de leur influence, la guerre en Irak a été engagée, la Chine devient progressivement une grande puissance sur laquelle compter et le capitalisme lui-même se conjugue à plusieurs formes et régimes qui s'éloignent notablement de l'illusion libérale.

It is hard these days to open a newspaper or watch television without coming across a debate about capitalism. "Globalization," "imperialism," and "neoliberalism" have become household words. Experts preach the gospel of productivity, while anti-globalization protestors blame the IMF and transnational companies for much of our social ills. Some view economic growth as a magic bullet, for others it spells ecological disaster. Many interpret the new wars of the twenty first century as serving "economic" interests and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism as a backlash against western "liberalism." For some capitalism means the "end of history," for others a source of conflict and an engine of change. No aspect of capitalism seems to escape controversy. In this context, it is surprising to find little or no debate on the concept which matters the most: capital itself. Capital is the central institution of capitalism and yet we do not have a satisfactory theory to explain it. As it turns out, we do not know precisely what capital is. This omission is crucial. Without a clear definition of capital we cannot fully understand how it works and why. Until we understand capital we are destined to misunderstand our society, misjudge its alternatives and fail to imagine a better future. In order to debate capitalism we first need to debate capital. This book offers a new way to do so. The secret to understanding capital, we argue, lies not in the narrow confines of production but in the broader processes and institutions of power. Capital, we claim, is neither a material object, nor a social relationship embedded in material entities, but rather a symbolic representation of power.

International audience ; After the collapse of the Soviet Union, many researchers announced a happy globalization. Capitalism was then considered to be the most efficient economic system, leading inevitably to the end of wars (as Proudhon had already hoped in his time) and to an optimal social situation, with the forthcoming victory of liberal democracy. Of course, other economists have predicted economic conflicts between states, the loss of influence of states in relation to multinational firms, the rise of integrated regionalism. However, in a little more than a decade, the United States has begun to lose influence, the war in Iraq has begun, China is gradually becoming a great power to be reckoned with, and capitalism itself is being combined with several forms and regimes that are notably different from the liberal illusion Globalisation, guerre, guerre économique, régionalisme, paix Globalization, war, economic war, regionalism, peace. ; Après l'effondrement de l'Union soviétique, nombre de chercheurs ont annoncé une mondialisation heureuse. Le capitalisme était alors considéré comme le système économique les plus performant, conduisant inéluctablement à la fin des guerres (ce qu'avait d'ailleurs déjà espéré en son temps Proudhon) et à une situation sociale optimale, avec la victoire prochaine de la démocratie libérale. Certes, d'autres économistes ont annoncé les conflits économiques entre les Etats, la perte d'influence des Etats par rapport aux firmes multinationales, l'essor du régionalisme intégré. Cependant, en un peu plus d'une décennie, les Etats-Unis ont commencé à perdre de leur influence, la guerre en Irak a été engagée, la Chine devient progressivement une grande puissance sur laquelle compter et le capitalisme lui-même se conjugue à plusieurs formes et régimes qui s'éloignent notablement de l'illusion libérale.

International audience ; After the collapse of the Soviet Union, many researchers announced a happy globalization. Capitalism was then considered to be the most efficient economic system, leading inevitably to the end of wars (as Proudhon had already hoped in his time) and to an optimal social situation, with the forthcoming victory of liberal democracy. Of course, other economists have predicted economic conflicts between states, the loss of influence of states in relation to multinational firms, the rise of integrated regionalism. However, in a little more than a decade, the United States has begun to lose influence, the war in Iraq has begun, China is gradually becoming a great power to be reckoned with, and capitalism itself is being combined with several forms and regimes that are notably different from the liberal illusion Globalisation, guerre, guerre économique, régionalisme, paix Globalization, war, economic war, regionalism, peace. ; Après l'effondrement de l'Union soviétique, nombre de chercheurs ont annoncé une mondialisation heureuse. Le capitalisme était alors considéré comme le système économique les plus performant, conduisant inéluctablement à la fin des guerres (ce qu'avait d'ailleurs déjà espéré en son temps Proudhon) et à une situation sociale optimale, avec la victoire prochaine de la démocratie libérale. Certes, d'autres économistes ont annoncé les conflits économiques entre les Etats, la perte d'influence des Etats par rapport aux firmes multinationales, l'essor du régionalisme intégré. Cependant, en un peu plus d'une décennie, les Etats-Unis ont commencé à perdre de leur influence, la guerre en Irak a été engagée, la Chine devient progressivement une grande puissance sur laquelle compter et le capitalisme lui-même se conjugue à plusieurs formes et régimes qui s'éloignent notablement de l'illusion libérale.

La transnacionalización y la globalización, entre otros fenómenos, han planteado la crisis del estado como forma de organización política y correlativamente la búsqueda de alternativas para adaptarlo o reemplazarlo. El presente trabajo propone una puesta en perspectiva de esa crisis a partir de las condiciones históricas y culturales que dieron origen a la aparición del Estado y una revisión de sus supuestos existenciales y su posible vigencia en los tiempos actuales. A continuación ubica esta crisis en el marco del fin de la modernidad y el auge del sistema capitalista como sustrato cultural y fáctico del análisis para plantear si la crisis del Estado nacional se resuelve dentro de los límites de la formas políticas o afecta a la concepción misma de la política. Para ello enuncia sumariamente los desafíos que afectan la organización de la convivencia y que no pueden ser resueltos sin su concurso. ; Globalization and transnationalization, among other phenomena, have stated the state crisis as a way of political organization and the search of alternatives to adapt it. This paper emerges from de historical and cultural conditions that built up the modern state. The state crisis is related to the so called ending of the modernity, too. In this enviroment, our works explains if the state crisis is analized by the national state itself. On the other hand, the crisis can be solved whiting the political framework or it modifies the contents of the Politics itself. Finally, this paper focuses the callenges of globalization and transnationalization which impact on the social organization wich can not be cleared up without the political ocurrence. ; Fil: González, Juan Antonio. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales