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As the world's population increases every day, so does their need for food. Most of the world's population lives in urban centres away from food production sites. To reduce food dependence, the urban population turns to food production within the city, urban agriculture (UA). Attention to urban agriculture has increased rapidly during the last couple of decades. Enthusiasm for UA is growing on an international and domestic level, also with the scholar community. Still, there are policy makers that struggle to implement UA with city planning. Over time, various forms of agriculture production in the city have evolved, divided into three main categories: urban agriculture, peri-urban agriculture, and urban farms. In addition to its multiple impacts (economic and ecological), UA has a significant holistic approach. It appears differently depending on the context. Some of the social effects of urban agriculture can be: fostering activism, gender equality, social cohesion and social inclusion, education, and preservation of cultural heritage. There are many examples of urban agriculture in the world, often with an economic or environmental role as the primary one. However, in this paper, firstly, we analyse various social aspects, and secondly, we present examples from Croatia, where the primary purposes are social benefits. ; Kako se svjetsko stanovništvo svakodnevno povećava, tako se povećava i njihova potreba za hranom. Većina svjetske populacije nalazi se u urbanim središtima daleko od mjesta proizvodnje hrane. Kako bi se smanjila ovisnost o hrani, gradsko se stanovništvo okreće proizvodnji hrane u gradu, odnosno gradskoj poljoprivredi (GP). Naklonost prema gradskoj poljoprivredi povećava se u posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća. Oduševljenje GP raste na međunarodnoj i domaćoj razini, ali i u znanstvenoj zajednici. Nažalost, političari na lokalnoj razini teško se odlučuju za implementaciju GP u urbanističko planiranje. Razvojem poljoprivredne proizvodnje u gradu, pojavili su se različiti tipovi GP, podijeljeni u tri glavne kategorije: gradska poljoprivreda, prigradska poljoprivreda i gradski uzgoj. Osim višestrukih utjecaja (ekonomskih i ekoloških), GP ima značajan holistički pristup. Pojavljuje se na različite načine, te je izrazito lokalnog karaktera. Neki od društvenih učinaka GP mogu biti: poticanje civilnog aktivizma, ravnopravnosti spolova, društvena kohezija i socijalna uključenost, obrazovanje i očuvanje kulturne baštine. U svijetu postoji mnogo primjera gradske poljoprivrede, često s ekonomskom ili ekološkom ulogom kao primarnom. Međutim, u našem radu navodimo primjere iz Hrvatske s primarnom društvenom ulogom, te zaključno iznosimo perspektivu razvoja navedene uloge gradske poljoprivrede.

Context. Wolf predation on livestock can cause economic hardship for livestock producers as well as reduce tolerance for wolves. Lethal control of wolves is often controversial; thus, development of effective non-lethal methods for reducing wolf–livestock conflict is important. Electrified fladry is a new tool that is similar to fladry (i.e. a barrier system that scares wolves), but electrified fladry also incorporates an electric shock designed to decrease the potential for wolves to habituate to the barriers.
Aim. Evaluation of electrified fladry requires understanding of its effectiveness relative to fladry and the costs and benefits of applying it in the field.
Methods. By using captive wolves, we compared the effectiveness of electrified fladry v. fladry for protecting a food resource during 2-week trials. We then performed a field trial with electrified fladry for managing wolves in Montana, USA. We measured livestock depredation and wolf activity on six treatment and six control pastures, calculated the cost of installation and maintenance, and surveyed all study participants about application of electrified fladry.
Key results. We found electrified fladry 2–10 times more effective than fladry at protecting food in captivity and that hunger increased the likelihood of wolves testing fladry barriers. In field trials, we installed 14.0 km of EF systems in treatment pastures and detected wolves twice in control pastures but never in the treatment pastures. No livestock were killed by wolves in treatment or control pastures. A completed electrified fladry system cost $2303 for the first km and $2032 for each additional km, and required 31.8 person-hours per kilometre to install. We observed 18 failures (i.e. electrified system stopped working) during a total of 394 days of use. In total, 83% of ranchers who used fladry would continue to use it under certain conditions, indicating some psychological benefit to users.
Conclusions and implications. The present study has demonstrated that electrified fladry offers superior protection compared with non-electrified fladry; however, further field tests are warranted to help determine whether benefits outweigh costs.

The article reveals the social aspects of organizing the educational process for students with limited health capacities, special educational needs, and disabilities, characteristic of Russian general educational practice. The author presents a review of pedagogical, methodological, technological, special developmental, and other approaches to providing conditions for the socialization and social integration of such students in general education organizations and inclusive schools, where variability in the choice of forms of special developmental, psychological, pedagogical, and tutoring support is provided for both students and their families.

The article analyzes the medical and social aspects of international aid to Ukraine in conditions of Russia's armed aggression. The urgency of the problem is due to the need to highlight the most urgent areas of interaction between international governmental and non-governmental medical and social organizations and representatives of the Ukrainian medical community, taking into account the most urgent problems in the field of health care in the conditions of a full-scale war. The extremely difficult humanitarian situation in Ukraine is emphasized, especially regarding medical assistance to children. The modern capabilities and algorithm of medical evacuation of wounded servicemen and civilian victims of war for treatment and rehabilitation to European countries, Canada, the USA and the role of governmental and non-governmental organizations in their organization are disclosed. The high effectiveness of the current humanitarian and medical initiatives of the Canada-Ukraine Foundation, in particular the International program #HelpUkraineNow; The Ukraine Humanitarian Appeal program; medical and educational program of the Canada Ukraine Surgical Aid Program (CUSAP) and the "Help Displaced Ukrainians in Canada" Appeal. Other international medical programs are briefly described. The author revealed the peculiarities of assistance to refugees and temporarily displaced persons from Ukraine in various European countries, as well as Canada, the USA. The article notes the importance of organizing rehabilitation measures for wounded servicemen and civilians at the state level both with the participation of international organizations and within Ukraine. It was emphasized the need to develop domestic medical programs, taking into account the large number of wounded people who need long-term treatment. The article focuses on the modern problems and challenges regarding international medical and social cooperation against the background of Russia's armed aggression.

Indo-Afghan relations are developing with accelerated pace post 9/11. Indian increasing involvement in Afghanistan is a matter of grave concern for Pakistan. Indian investment in Afghanistan aims; to minimize Pakistan's influence in Afghanistan, to create a soft image of India in Afghanistan and to access Central Asian Republic's markets through Afghanistan. India is so far being successful in all of its objectives. India is investing in political, economic and social sectors in Afghanistan and successful in creating a soft image of Indians in Afghans heart. Keeping in view this scenario, study of this situation was a good case. India, Pakistan and Afghanistan all three have many observations regarding each other and none of them accept it. Due to the physical presence of United States in Afghanistan for more than a decade, peace in the area is still a dream come true. Therefore, it was an interesting study to understand the dynamics of Indo-Afghan relations and its implications for Pakistan. Neo realism theory is applied in this study.

AbstractCultural theory (CT) provides a framework for understanding how social dimensions shape cultural bias and social relations of individuals, including values, view of the natural world, policy preferences, and risk perceptions. The five resulting cultural solidarities are each associated with a "myth of nature"—a concept of nature that aligns with the worldview of each solidarity. When applied to the problem of climate protection policy making, the relationships and beliefs outlined by CT can shed light on how members of the different cultural solidarities perceive their relationship to climate change and associated risk. This can be used to deduce what climate change management policies may be preferred or opposed by each group. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of how CT has been used in surveys of the social aspects of climate change policy making, to assess the construct validity of these studies, and to identify ways for climate change protection policies to leverage the views of each of the cultural solidarities to develop clumsy solutions: policies that incorporate strengths from each of the cultural solidarities' perspectives. Surveys that include measures of at least fatalism, hierarchism, individualism, and egalitarianism and their associated myths of nature as well as measures of climate change risk perceptions and policy preferences have the highest translation and predictive validity. These studies will be useful in helping environmental managers find clumsy solutions and develop resilient policy according to C.S. Holling's adaptive cycle.

The article examines the issues related to the provision of social services to the elderly in their home environment. The author of the article examines the practice and evaluates its effectiveness and impact on the lives of senior citizens. The article discusses the main types of in-home services, including medical care, assistance with tidiness and personal hygiene, as well as social support. The importance of the practice of in-home social services for the elderly is emphasized. It has been found that this practice allows senior citizens to maintain independence, dignity, and quality of life, as well as prevents social isolation.

Rızaya dayalı ilişkilerin inşa sürecinde sıklıkla rastlanan evlilik, resmi bir anlam taşıyan birliktelik biçimidir. Her ne kadar partnerlerin ortak bir gelecek planlamasına dayansa da bu birlikteliklerin boşanma yoluyla sona ermesi son derece olağan bir süreçtir. Resmi ilişkinin sonlandırıldığı boşanmadan söz ederken boşanmaya olmaksızın ayrı yaşama biçimi de göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Boşanmadan pek çok değişken ile farklılaşan ayrı yaşama sürecinin anlaşılması için çok boyutlu bir inceleme gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada ilişkilerin sonlandırılmasında ayrı yaşama fenomeninin derinliğine ve ayrı yaşamayı tercih eden partnerlerin ve bu birliktelikten varsa çocukların yaşayabileceği psikososyal problemlere literatürden bir ışık tutmak hedeflenmiştir. Ayrıca ayrı yaşanan birliktelikler için olası problemlere karşı uygulanabilecek çeşitli sosyal politikaların temel alması gereken ilkelere değinilmiş ve öneriler getirilmiştir.

Indo-Afghan relations are developing with accelerated pace post 9/11. Indian increasing involvement in Afghanistan is a matter of grave concern for Pakistan. Indian investment in Afghanistan aims; to minimize Pakistan's influence in Afghanistan, to create a soft image of India in Afghanistan and to access Central Asian Republic's markets through Afghanistan. India is so far being successful in all of its objectives. India is investing in political, economic and social sectors in Afghanistan and successful in creating a soft image of Indians in Afghans heart. Keeping in view this scenario, study of this situation was a good case. India, Pakistan and Afghanistan all three have many observations regarding each other and none of them accept it. Due to the physical presence of United States in Afghanistan for more than a decade, peace in the area is still a dream come true. Therefore, it was an interesting study to understand the dynamics of Indo-Afghan relations and its implications for Pakistan. Neo realism theory is applied in this study.