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Медицинские учреждения часто становятся объектами совершения противоправных действий из-за наличия наркотических, спиртосодержащих и дорогих медицинских препаратов, а также ценного диагностического оборудования и оргтехники. Ситуация осложняется тем, что медицинский и вспомогательный персонал, пациенты и посетители в случае нападения не могут в полной мере противостоять преступным элементам. Руководство учреждений здравоохранения в первую очередь должно обеспечить безопасность, то есть охрану учреждений, персонала, пациентов и посетителей, а потому должно выполнить необходимое планирование, тщательную разработку и внедрение охранных систем вместе с комплексом мероприятий административного характера. Целью работы является определение особенностей охранной деятельности в сфере защиты учреждений здравоохранения, проведение анализа законодательного и нормативно-правового обеспечения деятельности лицензированных охранных структур, а также их деятельности в сфере здравоохранения, определение потребности в организации таких служб и обоснование концептуальных основ построения интегрированных систем безопасности учреждений здравоохранения. Проведен общий и целенаправленный анализ и оценка законодательной и нормативно-правовой базы охранной деятельности в Украине с целью возможности ее использования для создания служб охраны и обеспечения предупреждения совершения преступлений в учреждениях здравоохранения. Проведено аналитическое исследование по обработке большого количества информационных источников (более 110) относительно создания и деятельности служб охраны в Украине и иностранных государствах с использованием методов Content analysis и Open Source Intelligence (OSINT). Исследована профессиональная отечественная и иностранная специальная литература, а также информация из Интернета об организации, деятельности, управлении и техническом оснащении служб охраны в различных учреждениях, в том числе и в учреждениях здравоохранения. В результате исследования, проведенного с привлечением профессиональных экспертов службы охраны труда, службы безопасности, пожарной охраны, Государственной службы охраны при Министерстве внутренних дел Украины, относительно организации и урегулирования оптимального функционирования служб охраны в учреждениях здравоохранения выявена насущная необходимость в их создании для обеспечения безопасности, защиты персонала и пациентов, что будет способствовать предупреждению совершения противоправных действий. Рассмотренная проблематика функционирования служб охраны в учреждениях здравоохранения актуальна, требует дальнейшей разработки и обсуждения на страницах журнала с привлечением руководителей отрасли и учреждений здравоохранения, специалистов охранных служб и правоохранительных органов. ; Медичні установи часто стають об'єктами вчинення протиправних дій через наявність наркотичних, спиртовмісних і дорогих медичних препаратів, а також цінного діагностичного обладнання й оргтехніки. Ситуація ускладнюється тим, що медичний і допоміжний персонал, пацієнти й відвідувачі в разі нападу не можуть повною мірою протистояти злочинним елементам. Керівництво закладів охорони здоров'я в першу чергу повинно забезпечити безпеку, тобто охорону закладів, персоналу, пацієнтів і відвідувачів, тому слід виконати необхідне планування, ретельну розробку й запровадження охоронних систем разом із комплексом заходів адміністративного характеру. Метою роботи є визначення особливостей охоронної діяльності у сфері захисту закладів охорони здоров'я, проведення аналізу законодавчого й нормативно-правового забезпечення діяльності ліцензованих охоронних структур, а також їх діяльності у сфері галузі охорони здоров'я, визначення потреби в організації таких служб та обґрунтування концептуальних засад побудови інтегрованих систем безпеки закладів охорони здоров'я. Проведено загальний і цілеспрямований аналіз і виконано оцінку законодавчої і нормативно-правової бази охоронної діяльності в Україні щодо її використання для створення служб охорони й забезпечення запобігання скоєнню злочинів у закладах охорони здоров'я. Проведено аналітичне дослідження з опрацювання великої кількості інформаційних джерел (понад 110) щодо створення й діяльності служб охорони в Україні й іноземних державах із використанням методів Content analysis і Open Source Intelligence (OSINT). Досліджена фахова вітчизняна й іноземна спеціальна література, а також інформація з Інтернету про організацію, діяльність, управління й технічне оснащення служб охорони в різних установах, у тому числі в закладах галузі охорони здоров'я. У результаті дослідження, проведеного із залученням фахових експертів служби охорони праці, служби безпеки, пожежної охорони, Державної служби охорони при Міністерстві внутрішніх справ України, щодо організації й налагодження оптимального функціонування служб охорони в закладах галузі охорони здоров'я виявлено нагальну необхідність їх створення для забезпечення безпеки, захисту персоналу й пацієнтів, що сприятиме запобіганню вчиненню протиправних дій. Розглянута проблематика функціонування служб охорони в закладах галузі охорони здоров'я є актуальною, вимагає подальшої розробки й обговорення на шпальтах журналу із залученням керівників галузі й закладів охорони здоров'я, фахівців охоронних служб і правоохоронних органів. ; Healthcare facilities often become objects of unlawful acts due to availability of narcotic, alcohol-containing and expensive medicines, as well as valuable diagnostic and office equipment. The situation is complicated by the fact that medical and support staff, patients and visitors are not able to fully resist the criminals in case of an attack. The management of healthcare facilities must first of all ensure safety, that is, protection of facilities, personnel, patients and visitors, and, therefore, carry out the necessary planning, careful development and implementation of security systems, along with a set of administrative measures. The aim of work is to determine the characteristics of security activities in the area of security of healthcare facilities, to analyze the legislative and regulatory support of licensed security structures, as well as their activities in the health sector and to determine the needs for organizing such services, justify the conceptual basis for building integrated security systems. The author has carried out general and targeted analysis and assessment of the legislative and regulatory framework of security activities in Ukraine in the view of possibility of its use to create security services and ensure the prevention of crime in healthcare facilities. Analytical study of a large number of sources (over 110) on the foundation and activities of security services in Ukraine and abroad has been conducted with Content analysis and Open Source Intelligence methods. The professional domestic and foreign special literature is studied, as well as information from the Internet about organization, activities, management and technical equipment of security services in various institutions, in particular healthcare facilities. As a result of a study conducted with the involvement of professional experts from the labor protection, security service, fire-fighting service, and State Security Service under the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, it was proved that the organization of optimal functioning of security services in healthcare faci­lities is urgently needed to ensure safety and to protect personnel and patients from commitment of unlawful acts. The considered range of problems regarding the functioning of security services in healthcare facilities is topical and requires further development and discussion on the pages of the journal with the involvement of leaders of industry and healthcare facilities, security professionals and law enforcement agencies.

Le donne palestinesi affrontano enormi sfide rispetto al godimento dei propri diritti, a causa di un sistema legale e culturale prevalente a livello regionale il quale permette la violazione dei diritti delle donne, incoraggia la violenza contro di loro, e le priva del diritto alla giustizia, specialmente in assenza di un sistema legislative nazionale omogeneo che possa proteggere i loro diritti. Ciò costituisce una rilevante contraddizione rispetto agli obblighi internazionali imposti dalla 'Convenzione sull'elimination di tutte le forme di discriminazione control le donne (CEDAW), di cui la Palestina è firmataria. Pertanto, questa ricerca mira a identificare le carenze, a livello penale e procedurale, rispetto alla protezione dei diritti delle donne e alla violenza che subiscono. La tesi prende in considerazione mezzi di emancipazione politica ed economica per le donne basandosi sui meccanismi internazionali di protezione delle donne dalla violenza. Infine, la presenti tesi si pone l'obiettivo di evidenziare come l'armonizzazione della legislazione palestinese con questi meccanismi sia possible e di vitale importanza. L'obiettivo finale di questa tesi è di promuovere lo status delle donne palestinesi, la giustizia, e l'uguaglianza. Il primo capitolo prende in considerazione la protezione giuridica del 'diritto alla vita, all'integrità fisica, e alla libertà sessuale'. Il capitolo analizza le disposizioni normative che proteggono questo diritto e mostra le carenze del sistema giuridico nel proteggere le donne contro le discriminazioni ed, in particolare, control la violenza contro le donne, come richiesto dalle convenzioni internazionali sui diritti umani. Il secondo capitolo analizza gli ostacoli e le sfide giuridiche che limitano la capacità delle donne vittime di violenza di avere accesso alla giustizia e al sistema giuridico. Ciò viene approfondito attraverso un esame di pratiche guridiche negative come la detenzione amministrativa in 'luoghi sicuri', e le restrizioni giuridiche legate alla denuncia. Inoltre, questo capitolo analizza il sistema giuridico rispetto al problema della violenza contro le donne, il modo in cui affrontano casi di donne vittime di violenza, e la loro adesione alle leggi internazionali sui diritti umani. Le misure per il rafforzamento e la protezione giuridica dei diritti delle donne vittime di violenza sono discusse nel terzo ed ultimo capitolo. Questo tema viene analizzato attraverso l'adozione di mecchanismi per l'emancipazione giuridica delle donne al fine di creare un'armonia tra le leggi nazionali e gli standard internazionali sui diritti umani e la CEDAW. Il capitol la possibilità e gli ostacoli nell adottare un'apposita legge volta a contrastare la violenza contro le donne, tanto quanto le modalità di risarcimento per le vittime. La tesi non trascura altri aspetti dell'emancipazione femminile. In particolare, la ricerca analizza l'emancipazione politica delle donne attraverso la loro partecipazione al voto, tanto quanto alla loro partecipazione attiva in politica e al processo decisionale. Inoltre, l'emancipazione economica delle donne si ottiene garantendo loro il diritto all'eredità, al lavoro, e ai fondi comuni sulla base della parità con gli uomini, in modo tale da fornire alle donne le armi necessarie per affrontare ed eliminare la violenza. ; Abstract Palestinian women face enormous challenges in terms of enjoying and exercising human rights, as a result of the legal and cultural heritage prevailing in the region that permits the violation of women's rights, encourages violence against them, and deprives them of their right to access justice, especially in the absence of a homogeneous national legislative system that protects the rights of women as human rights. This constitutes a fundamental contradiction to the international obligations imposed on Palestine as a state party to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women "CEDAW". Therefore, the present thesis aims to identify the deficiencies in the field of the substantive and procedural criminal protection of Palestinian women's rights in the face of violence, to inform the means of economic and political empowerment of women, to refer to international mechanisms in the face of violence against women, and to harmonize Palestinian legislation for these mechanisms. This is done in order to advance the status of Palestinian women and achieve justice and equality. Chapter One discusses the extent of the criminal protection of women's right to life, physical integrity, and sexual freedom, by analyzing and criticizing the legal provisions that protect these rights in order to show their deficiencies in discrimination against women on the basis of sex, and the deficiencies in ensuring the full protection of women against violence as required by international human rights conventions and charters. Chapter Two discusses the legal and factual obstacles and challenges that limit the abilities of women who are victims of violence to access justice. This is done by highlighting negative practices related to administrative arrest and detention in safe houses, and the legal restrictions and gaps related to the complaint. In addition, it focuses on the position of the criminal justice agencies on cases of violence against women, the way they deal with battered women and their complaints, and their adherence to the laws and respect for human rights standards. Measures to strengthen the criminal protection of women's rights in the face of violence are discussed in Chapter Three the last chapter. This is done by adopting mechanisms for the legal empowerment of women in order to achieve harmony with international human rights standards, and to achieve legislative harmonization with CEDAW, through discussing the rationale of enacting a law to combat violence against women and the obstacles to the adoption of the law to date, and ways to achieve redress for victims. Other aspects of women empowerment are not neglected. In particular, the political empowerment of women is discussed by focusing on ensuring their participation in voting, running in elections, and highlighting the importance of their participation in decision-making. In addition, the economic empowerment of women is achieved by ensuring their right to inheritance, work, and joint funds on an equal basis with men to equip women with the weapons necessary to confront and eliminate violence.

Problem setting. Civil society in the modern conditions of human civilization is becoming an ambitious regulator of public relations between society and the state. Democratic values, which are embedded in the development program of many world powers, have formed the basis of communication mechanisms for the interaction of numerous institutions of public power and civil society. At the same time, the latter have considerable socio-psychological advantages and significantly affect the development of public-institutional relations in the state. Therefore, the state with respect for society determines the parameters of political and legal interaction, state regulation, policy of development of civil society institutions, promotes their motivated activities, stimulates their social and consolidating purpose. In this context, the experience of European countries is invaluable for Ukraine. It is especially important to use the successes of practical activities of public organizations in the EU countries adjacent to Ukraine, which underwent similar transformational socio-political processes in the late twentieth century and managed to effectively implement the public management capabilities of civil society.Recent research and publications analysis. We study the experience of European countries in the interaction of public authorities and public organizations by analyzing the original sources of official documents and research authored by Ukrainian and foreign scholars. The list of used literature prompted us to look for the best examples of intersubjective public-administrative relations in order to apply them in Ukrainian realities.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Based on the need to use the positive experience of the world's leading democracies in building civil society and the dynamics of its institutions, we consider it appropriate to identify the main trends in the system of public organizations in the European Union bordering Ukraine and have many common historical, cultural and social political characteristics (Poland, Hungary, Romania). In our opinion, such an approach would promote more effective adaptation of the state to the requirements of civil society at the present stage, would accelerate the improvement of state policy to promote the development of its institutions.Paper main body. The global dominance of democracy on the European continent at the end of the twentieth century was made possible primarily by Europeans' awareness of the integral values of human coexistence, attention to the daily lives of citizens regardless of language, nationality, race, religion. The basic principles of humanism, freedom and justice have become a solid foundation for civil society, which has become an example of modern development of the world's leading countries. The European Union emerged as an integral democratic institution, where the defense of human rights and freedoms is a priority of both continental civil society and each of its constituent states. The system of public organizations can be considered as an intermediate link that ensures this important mission and acts as an instrument of public interaction between the state and society. It is thought that the analysis of trends in their system in these EU neighboring countries can be accelerated by using a set of important criteria for assessing the level of development of NGOs, which will systematically give us the necessary performance indicator. Among them, we would emphasize such as state policy, legislation, civic initiative and the practice of public interaction of all subjects of state formation. We justify the use of the studied experience to analyze these criteria by the fact that they provide a holistic picture of common and distinctive features in the dynamics of the system of public organizations in a multilevel construct on a global (comparison within the EU), national (purely state-territorial segment) and regional (local territorial distribution) levels and assess the effectiveness of their public administration and institutional interaction with public authorities.For Ukraine, it would be worthwhile to use the experience of at least such neighboring countries of the Central and Eastern European region as Poland, Hungary and Romania, which at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s almost simultaneously made a successful transition to democracy and continue to improve the country's development. and social life. Thus, the development trends of public organizations in the proposed countries, which can serve as a good example for Ukraine, are defined in the following functional chain of assistance: public policy – legislation – civic initiative – the practice of public interaction.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The principle of mutual trust and social responsibility is needed for effective interaction of state bodies with civil society institutions. As a result, there is a tangible synergetic effect of cooperation between state and society institutions on contractual terms. Work in the field of cooperation between government institutions and public organizations should take stable forms. And their subject manifestations can be the experience of profile interaction, when ministerial agencies directly cooperate with relevant organizations (example of Romania), the effectiveness of the service delivery and its digitalization (example of Poland) and coordinated policies to promote the development of NGOs and, in particular, ethno-national communities Hungary). This format of public administration relations should be instilled in Ukraine, for which a particularly valuable example is the business activity of the subjects of public administration relations, which is characterized primarily by the transparency of decisions, reciprocity of public action and social responsibility of the parties. ; Проаналізовано практику ефективної взаємодії представників публічної влади і громадських організацій у суміжних із Україною країнах Європейського Союзу (далі – ЄС) Польщі, Угорщині, Румунії. Наголошено на тому, що інституції громадянського суспільства мають неабиякі соціально-психологічні переваги й суттєво впливають на розвиток публічно-інституційних відносин у державі. Доведено, що ефективна адаптація держави до вимог громадянського суспільства пришвидшує вдосконалення державної політики сприяння розвитку громадських організацій. Визначено функціональний ланцюг сприяння, за яким проглядається логіка застосування міжнародного досвіду в українських реаліях: державна політика – законодавчі норми – громадянська ініціатива – практика публічної взаємодії. Наголошено на прикладах профільної взаємодії (приклад Румунії), ефективності процедури надання сервісних послуг та її діджиталізації (приклад Польщі) та скоординованої політики сприяння розвитку громадських організацій (приклад Угорщини).

RESUMEN: Objetivo: caracterizar los procesos de formulación nacional del Plan Decenal de Salud Pública [PDSP] como eje articulador de la Política Nacional de Salud de Colombia, durante el período 2012 a 2013; y de su implementación actual (hasta 2018) en el departamento de Casanare. Metodología: estudio de caso basado en la revisión narrativa de fuentes secundarias, y en el testimonio de agentes involucrados tanto en la formulación del PDSP al nivel nacional como en su implementación en el Departamento de Casanare. El departamento de Casanare se consideró una subcategoría ilustrativa de regiones en condiciones de vulnerabilidad social y administrativa. La información sobre aspectos coyunturales y estructurales de ambos casos se obtuvo mediante la revisión narrativa de documentos, encuestas con escala tipo Likert y entrevistas semiestructuradas a una muestra de involucrados. Se examinaron cuatro dimensiones dirigidas a caracterizar ambos casos: involucrados, contexto, aspectos formales y de proceso. Resultados: en 1993 Colombia reformó su Política Pública de Salud [PPS] adoptando un modelo de cuasi mercado que, casi desde su origen, fue objeto de múltiples críticas por parte de diferentes organismos y agentes sociales quienes destacaban fallas profundas de tipo estructural. En este contexto polarizado, que se agudizó a fines de 2008, se formuló el PDSP como una de las estrategias reactivas del gobierno y del Congreso para hacer frente a la crisis de sostenibilidad del modelo, sin afectar su estructura básica. En la misma coyuntura confluyeron directrices internacionales que instaban a los Estados a formular PPS capaces de impactar los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud [DSS] y a recuperar el papel de la salud pública en la toma de decisiones adoptando el modelo de Atención Primaria de Salud [APS]. El estudio logró identificar características del proceso adelantado en Colombia que podrían constituir lecciones aprendidas; entre ellas, el diseño de reformas con fines conservadores, el conflicto de intereses en la toma de decisiones, la influencia de políticas internacionales en las dinámicas locales, y las dificultades de aplicar las directrices desconociendo los contextos. La formulación e implementación del PDSP se apoyó en un proceso de participación social relativamente amplio y centrado en las formas, que integró un conjunto heterogéneo de intereses, conceptos y criterios sin modificar sustancialmente las condiciones de cuasi mercado que estructuran la PPS. Adicionalmente, en una región del país expuesta a condiciones de vulnerabilidad, la implementación del PDSP enfrenta serias restricciones por la escasez de recursos, la debilidad técnica y la dificultad de llegar a consensos. Conclusión: de acuerdo con las fuentes consultadas, el PDSP de Colombia se configuró, en un contexto social polarizado, como el eje articulador de un conjunto de políticas que pretenden amortiguar las fallas del modelo de aseguramiento sin modificar su estructura. Dicho Plan no cuenta con un sistema de evaluación permanente, se enfrenta a condiciones de implementación limitadas por los contextos locales, y el tiempo transcurrido es corto para establecer sus resultados. La formulación del Plan no modifica la estructura del modelo vigente y a la fecha no parece apuntar a sus fallas. ; ABSTRACT: This research aimed to characterize the formulation process of the Decennial Public Health Plan [DPHP] as an articulating axis of the National Healht Policy of Colombia, during the period 2012 to 2013 and its incurrent implementation in the department of Casanare. A case study was conducted based on the testimony of involved agents in the formulation of the DPHP at the national level and its implementation in the Department of Casanare. The information on conjunctural and structural aspects of both cases was obtained through the narrative review of documents, surveys with Likert scale and semi-structured interviews to a sample of involved. Four dimensions aimed at characterizing both cases were examined: involved, context, formal and process aspects. The department of Casanare was considered an illustrative case of regions in conditions of social and administrative vulnerability. In 1993 Colombia reformed its Public Health Policy [PPS] by adopting a quasi-market model that, almost from its origin, was subject to multiple criticisms by different agencies and social agents who highlighted deep structural failures. In this polarized context, exacerbated at the end of 2008, the DPHP was formulated as reactive strategies of the government and Congress to face the sustainability crisis of the model, without affecting its basic structure. At the same juncture came international guidelines that urged the States to formulate PPS capable of impacting the Social Determinants of Health [DSS] and to recover the role of public health in decision-making by adopting the Primary Care Model [APS]. This study identified characteristics of the health political process carried out in Colombia that could constitute lessons learned; among them, the design of reforms for conservative purposes, the conflict of interests in decision-making, the influence of international policies on local dynamics, and the difficulties of applying the guidelines if ignoring the contexts. The formulation and implementation of the PDSP was based on a process of relatively broad social participation focused on forms, which integrated a heterogeneous set of interests, concepts and criteria without substantially modifying the quasi-market conditions that structure the PPS. Additionally, in a region of the country exposed to conditions of vulnerability, the implementation of the PDSP faces serious restrictions due to the scarcity of resources, the technical weakness of those involved and the difficulty of reaching consensus. According to the sources consulted, the PDSP of Colombia was shaped, in a polarized social context, as the articulating axis of a set of reformist policies that aim to cushion the failures of the insurance model without modifying its structure. This plan does not have a permanent evaluation system; its implementation faces conditions limited by local contexts; and the time elapsed is short to establish its results. The formulation of the Plan does not modify the structure of the current model, and to date it does not seem to point to its faults.

Accurate and timely crop condition monitoring is crucial for food management and the economic development of any nation. However, accurately estimating crop yield from the field to global scales is a challenge. According to the global strategy of the World Bank, in order to improve national agricultural statistics, crop area, crop production, and crop yield are key variables that all countries should be able to provide. Crop yield assessment requires that both an estimation of the quantity of a product and the area provided for that product should be available. The definition seems simple; however, these measurements are time consuming and subject to error in many circumstances. Remote sensing is one of several methods used for crop yield estimation. The yield results from a combination of environmental factors, such as soil, weather, and farm management, which are responsible for the unique spectral signature of a crop captured by satellite images. Additionally, yield is an expression of the state, structure, and composition of the plant. Various indices, crop masks, and land observation sensors have been developed to remotely observe and control crops in different regions. This thesis focuses on how much low spatial resolution satellites, such as Project for On Board Autonomy Vegetation (PROBA V), can contribute to global crop monitoring by aiding the search for improved methods and datasets for better crop yield estimation. This thesis contains three chapters. The first chapter explores how an existing product, Dry Matter Productivity (DMP), that has been developed for Satellites Pour l'Observation de la Terre or Earth observing Satellites VeGeTation (SPOT VGT), and transferred to PROBA V, can be improved to more closely relate to yield anomalies across selected regions. This chapter also covers the testing of the contribution of stress factors to improve wheat and maize yield estimations. According to Monteith's theory, crop biomass linearly correlates with the amount of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (APAR) and constant Radiation Use Efficiency (RUE) downregulated by stress factors such as CO2, fertilization, temperature, and water stress. The objective of this chapter is to investigate the relative importance of these stress factors in relation to the regional biomass production and yield. The production efficiency model Copernicus Global Land Service Dry Matter Productivity (CGLS DMP), which follows Monteith's theory, is modified and evaluated for common wheat and silage maize in France, Belgium, and Morocco using SPOT VGT for the 1999–2012 period. The correlations between the crop yield data and the cumulative modified DMP, CGLS DMP, Fraction of APAR (fAPAR), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values are analyzed for different crop growth stages. The best results are obtained when combinations of the most appropriate stress factors are included for each selected region, and the modified DMP during the reproductive stage is accumulated. Though no single solution can demonstrate an improvement of the global product, the findings support an extension of the methodology to other regions of the world. The second chapter demonstrates how PROBA V can be used effectively for crop identification mapping by utilizing spectral matching techniques and phenological characteristics of different crop types. The study sites are agricultural areas spread across the globe, located in Flanders (Belgium), Sria (Russia), Kyiv (Ukraine), and Sao Paulo (Brazil). The data are collected for the 2014–2015 season. For each pure pixel within a field, the NDVI profile of the crop type for its growing season is matched with the reference NDVI profile. Three temporal windows are tested within the growing season: green up to senescence, green up to dormancy, and minimum NDVI at the beginning of the growing season to minimum NDVI at the end of the growing season. In order of importance, the crop phenological development period, parcel size, shorter time window, number of ground truth parcels, and crop calendar similarity are the main reasons behind the differences between the results. The methodology described in this chapter demonstrates the potentials and limitations of using 100 m PROBA V with revisiting frequency every 5 days in crop identification across different regions of the world. The final chapter explores the trade off between the different spatial resolutions provided by PROBA V products versus the temporal frequency and, additionally, explores the use of thermal time to improve statistical yield estimations. The ground data are winter wheat yields at the field level for 39 fields across Northern France during one growing season 2014–2015. An asymmetric double sigmoid function is fitted, and the NDVI values are integrated over thermal time and over calendar time for the central pixel of the field, exploring different thresholds to mark the start and end of the cropping season. The integrated NDVI values with different NDVI thresholds are used as a proxy for yield. In addition, a pixel purity analysis is performed for different purity thresholds at the 100 m, 300 m, and 1 km resolutions. The findings demonstrate that while estimating winter wheat yields at the field level with pure pixels from PROBA V products, the best correlation is obtained with a 100 m resolution product. However, several fields must be omitted due to the lack of observations throughout the growing season with the 100 m resolution dataset, as this product has a lower temporal resolution compared to 300 m and 1 km. This thesis is a modest contribution to the remote sensing and data analysis field with its own merits, in particular with respect to PROBA V. The experiments provide interesting insight into the PROBA V dataset at 1 km, 300 m, and 100 m resolutions. Specifically, the results show that 100 m spatial resolution imagery could be used effectively and advantageously in agricultural crop monitoring and crop identification at local – field level – and regional – the administrative regions defined by the national governments – levels. Furthermore, this thesis discusses the limitations of using a low resolution satellite, such as the PROBA V 100 m dataset, in crop monitoring and identification. Also, several recommendations are made for space agencies that can be used when designing the new generation of satellites.

There is a wide and growing interest in promoting Research Data Management (RDM) and Research Data Sharing (RDS) from many stakeholders in the research enterprise. Funders are under pressure from activists, from government, and from the wider public agenda towards greater transparency and access to encourage, require, and deliver improved data practices from the researchers they fund. Funders are responding to this, and to their own interest in improved practice, by developing and implementing policies on RDM and RDS. In this review we examine the state of funder policies, the process of implementation and available guidance to identify the challenges and opportunities for funders in developing policy and delivering on the aspirations for improved community practice, greater transparency and engagement, and enhanced impact. The review is divided into three parts. The first two components are based on desk research: a survey of existing policy statements drawing in part on existing surveys and a brief review of available guidance on policy development for funders. The third part addresses the experience of policy implementation through interviews with funders, policy developers, and infrastructure providers. In our review we identify, in common with other surveys, that RDM and RDS policies are increasingly common. The most developed are found amongst funders in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and European Union. However many other funders and nations have aspirational statements or are developing policy. There is a broad pattern of policy development moving from aspiration, to recommendations, to requirements, and finally reporting and auditing of data management practice. There are strong similarities across policies: a requirement for data management planning, often in grant submissions, expectations that data supporting published articles will be made available, and in many cases requirements for data archiving and availability over extended periods beyond grants. However there are also important differences in implementation. There is essentially no information available on the uptake and success of different policies in terms of compliance rates, or degrees of data availability. Many policies require a Data Management Plan as part of grant submission. This requirement can be enforced but there is disagreement on the value of this. One view is that requirements such as DMPs are the only way to force researchers to pay attention to these issues. The other is that such requirements lead to a culture of compliance in which the minimal effort is made and planning is seen as a "tick-box" exercise that has no further value. In this view requirements such as DMPs may actually be damaging the effort to effect culture change towards improved community practice. One way to bring these two views together is to see DMPs as living documents that form the basis of collaboration between researchers, funders, and data managers throughout the life of a research project. This approach is reflected in guidance on policy development that emphasises the importance of clarifying responsibilities of various stakeholders and ensuring that researchers are both recognised for good practice and see tangible benefits. More broadly this points to the need for the program of improving RDM and RDS to be shared project with the incentives for funders and researchers aligned as far as is possible. In the interviews successful policy implementation was often seen to be dependent on funders providing the required support, both in the form of infrastructure and resourcing, and via the provision of internal expertise amongst program managers. Where resources are limited, leveraging other support, especially from institutional sources, was seen as important as was ensuring the scope of policy requirements were commensurate with the support available and readiness of research communities. Throughout the desk research and the interviews a consistent theme is the desire for cultural change, where data management and sharing practices are embedded within the norms of behaviour for research communities. There is general agreement that progress from aspirational policies to achieving compliance is challenging and that broad cultural change, with the exception of specific communities, is a long way off. It is interesting to note that discussion of cultural change is largely externalised. There is little engagement with the concept of culture as an issue to consider or work with and very little engagement with models of how cultural change could be enabled. The disagreement over the value of DMPs is one example of how a lack of active engagement with culture and how it changes is leading to problems. Key Findings Policies on RDM and RDS are being developed by a number of agencies, primarily in the Global North. These policies are broadly consistent in aspiration and outlines but differ significantly in details of implementation. Policies generally develop along a path starting with aspirational statements, followed by recommendations, then requirements, and finally auditing and compliance measures. Measurement of policy adoption and compliance in terms of the over goals of increased availability and re-use of data is not tracked and is likely unmeasurable currently. Data Management Plans are a central requirement for many policies, in part because they can be made compulsory and act as a general focus for raising awareness. There are significant differences in the views of stakeholders on the value of Data Management Planning in its current form. Some stakeholders regard them as successful in raising awareness albeit with some limitations. Some regard them as actively damaging progress towards real change in practice by making RDM appear as one administrative activity among the many required for grant submission Successful policy implementation is coupled with funder support for infrastructure and training. Seeing RDM as an area for collaboration between funders and researchers may be valuable Internal expertise and support within a funder is often a gap which becomes a problem with monitoring and implementation DMPs can be a helpful part of process but it will be important to make them useful documents throughout and beyond the project If the object of RDM and RDS policy is cultural change in research communities then direct engagement with understanding the various cultures of researcher and other stakeholder communities, alongside frameworks of how they change is an important area for future focus.

There is a wide and growing interest in promoting Research Data Management (RDM) and Research Data Sharing (RDS) from many stakeholders in the research enterprise. Funders are under pressure from activists, from government, and from the wider public agenda towards greater transparency and access to encourage, require, and deliver improved data practices from the researchers they fund. Funders are responding to this, and to their own interest in improved practice, by developing and implementing policies on RDM and RDS. In this review we examine the state of funder policies, the process of implementation and available guidance to identify the challenges and opportunities for funders in developing policy and delivering on the aspirations for improved community practice, greater transparency and engagement, and enhanced impact. The review is divided into three parts. The first two components are based on desk research: a survey of existing policy statements drawing in part on existing surveys and a brief review of available guidance on policy development for funders. The third part addresses the experience of policy implementation through interviews with funders, policy developers, and infrastructure providers. In our review we identify, in common with other surveys, that RDM and RDS policies are increasingly common. The most developed are found amongst funders in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and European Union. However many other funders and nations have aspirational statements or are developing policy. There is a broad pattern of policy development moving from aspiration, to recommendations, to requirements, and finally reporting and auditing of data management practice. There are strong similarities across policies: a requirement for data management planning, often in grant submissions, expectations that data supporting published articles will be made available, and in many cases requirements for data archiving and availability over extended periods beyond grants. However there are also important differences in implementation. There is essentially no information available on the uptake and success of different policies in terms of compliance rates, or degrees of data availability. Many policies require a Data Management Plan as part of grant submission. This requirement can be enforced but there is disagreement on the value of this. One view is that requirements such as DMPs are the only way to force researchers to pay attention to these issues. The other is that such requirements lead to a culture of compliance in which the minimal effort is made and planning is seen as a "tick-box" exercise that has no further value. In this view requirements such as DMPs may actually be damaging the effort to effect culture change towards improved community practice. One way to bring these two views together is to see DMPs as living documents that form the basis of collaboration between researchers, funders, and data managers throughout the life of a research project. This approach is reflected in guidance on policy development that emphasises the importance of clarifying responsibilities of various stakeholders and ensuring that researchers are both recognised for good practice and see tangible benefits. More broadly this points to the need for the program of improving RDM and RDS to be shared project with the incentives for funders and researchers aligned as far as is possible. In the interviews successful policy implementation was often seen to be dependent on funders providing the required support, both in the form of infrastructure and resourcing, and via the provision of internal expertise amongst program managers. Where resources are limited, leveraging other support, especially from institutional sources, was seen as important as was ensuring the scope of policy requirements were commensurate with the support available and readiness of research communities. Throughout the desk research and the interviews a consistent theme is the desire for cultural change, where data management and sharing practices are embedded within the norms of behaviour for research communities. There is general agreement that progress from aspirational policies to achieving compliance is challenging and that broad cultural change, with the exception of specific communities, is a long way off. It is interesting to note that discussion of cultural change is largely externalised. There is little engagement with the concept of culture as an issue to consider or work with and very little engagement with models of how cultural change could be enabled. The disagreement over the value of DMPs is one example of how a lack of active engagement with culture and how it changes is leading to problems. Key Findings Policies on RDM and RDS are being developed by a number of agencies, primarily in the Global North. These policies are broadly consistent in aspiration and outlines but differ significantly in details of implementation. Policies generally develop along a path starting with aspirational statements, followed by recommendations, then requirements, and finally auditing and compliance measures. Measurement of policy adoption and compliance in terms of the over goals of increased availability and re-use of data is not tracked and is likely unmeasurable currently. Data Management Plans are a central requirement for many policies, in part because they can be made compulsory and act as a general focus for raising awareness. There are significant differences in the views of stakeholders on the value of Data Management Planning in its current form. Some stakeholders regard them as successful in raising awareness albeit with some limitations. Some regard them as actively damaging progress towards real change in practice by making RDM appear as one administrative activity among the many required for grant submission Successful policy implementation is coupled with funder support for infrastructure and training. Seeing RDM as an area for collaboration between funders and researchers may be valuable Internal expertise and support within a funder is often a gap which becomes a problem with monitoring and implementation DMPs can be a helpful part of process but it will be important to make them useful documents throughout and beyond the project If the object of RDM and RDS policy is cultural change in research communities then direct engagement with understanding the various cultures of researcher and other stakeholder communities, alongside frameworks of how they change is an important area for future focus.

Досліджується поступовий розвиток українського кооперативного руху на території Північної Америки, зокрема значна увага приділяється кредитним кооперативам, а також провінційним, регіональним і міжнародним кооперативним організаціям. З'ясовано роль українських кооперативів США та Канади у сприянні створенню кредитних спілок на території незалежної України. Исследуется постепенное развитие украинского кооперативного движения на территории Северной Америки, в частности значительное внимание уделяется кредитным кооперативам, а также провинциальным, региональным и международным кооперативным организациям. Выяснена роль украинских кооперативов США и Канады в содействии созданию кредитных союзов на территории независимой Украины. ; The Ukrainian emigrants in North America created a wide network of the national cooperative organizations with considerable financial base. In Canada separate Ukrainian cooperatives began to arise earlier than in the USA though till 1930 their existence had short-term character. For 1930-1940 in each province of Canada the cooperative unions already worked: one of them quickly self-destructed, others expanded in respectable institutions. At first, the consumer societies appeared, however, the credit unions which became organized during an economic crisis of the 1930th in the cities and in farmer districts soon became the most widespread, during the 1940th its quantity considerably increased. During this period banks in the USA and Canada went bankrupt but the credit cooperatives developed successfully. A lot of the Ukrainian credit cooperatives in Canada were associated with public organizations, some appeared at the parishes and the church organizations, and the others were based by the administrative societies. The first attempt to establish a mutual funds and consumer cooperatives failed. Until 1947 in the United States of America were only few national credit unions that were based in areas with large concentrations of Ukrainians who helped religious, charitable and public organizations. After World War II the Ukrainian emigrants began to arrive in the North America in large quantities, among whom there were many experienced Ukrainian cooperators who were engaged in development of the cooperative movement in the new countries of their settlement, and as the result, the credit unions in the USA began to develop actively, but in Canada they considerably extended, the trust of the citizens grew for them, and Ukrainians of different political and religious beliefs were becoming their members. The central organizations in Canada and in the USA for the purpose of optimization and coordination of work of the credit cooperatives, creation of the new credit unions, distribution of cooperative ideas, that were provincial, regional and international organizations, actually right after creation of the first cooperatives the so-called ideological and coordination centers began to arise. The first one appeared in 1949 in Canada and was named «Cooperative Society», its activity captured Winnipeg and the East Canadian province of Quebec. In 1957 the Coordinating committee of the Ukrainian credit cooperatives was founded in Toronto. It was difficult for the Canadian cooperatives to unite into the joint organization first of all because they were sponsored by various organizations and churches which didn't find a common language. But an opposite situation was in the USA, they had mainly one «sponsor» the society «Samopomich», at which annual congress on March 31, 1957 the representatives of 7 existing cooperatives of the USA established the Society of the Ukrainian cooperatives of America (since 1974 the Center of the Ukrainian cooperatives of America) with the center in New York city. This society makes tries to keep in contact with all cooperatives of the USA and Canada. During the First World congress of the free Ukrainians in New York on November 15, 1967 conference of the Ukrainian cooperators of Canada and the USA took place, where was decided to create the Ukrainian world cooperative council. In 1981, while the USA banks with milliard assets began to go out of business, the Ukrainian credit cooperatives didn't suffer financially. Also they had further rapidly development: assets were growing and the number of members increased constantly. Since Ukraine obtained independence, foreign Ukrainians began to make an effort to return the cooperative movement to their historical homeland, thus special activity was shown by inhabitants of Canada. Soon the international institutions began to promote the development of cooperation in Ukraine. During 1993-1994 the government of Canada and the USA under the influence of the Ukrainian diaspora began to finance the technical assistance programs of the Ukrainian unions in order to renew the credit movement in the territory of Ukraine. With the aim of its implementation in Kiev there were opened agencies of the World council of the credit unions and the Canadian cooperative association, and the Ukrainian credit unions of the USA and Canada became their partners. In June, 1994 the National association of the credit unions of Ukraine was founded in Ukraine, which in November, 1994 was adopted as the full member of the World Council of credit unions. In September, 1994 in Kiev the first World congress of the Ukrainian credit unions with the assistance of representatives of the credit unions of Ukraine and the diaspora, public authorities and the international organizations took place. The first credit unions in Ukraine faced with many problems which gradually managed to be solved partially. Practical development of credit cooperation in Ukraine is constrained by lack of the appropriate legislative base and the economic instability, however, the credit cooperation has albeit slowly but movement ahead. Activity of Ukrainians in the cooperative field in North America has been quite significant. It promoted the improvement of financial position of Ukrainians and their families in new countries of the settlement, increased the social status, obtained the respect of the local population, and the contribution to development of economy of the new countries of their settlement and others. The Ukrainian cooperative organizations in the USA and Canada financially and organizationally helped to various social and economic Ukrainian organizations of North America. Besides, they promoted revival and development of the cooperative movement in independent Ukraine. At the present time the cooperative movement in Canada and in the United States experience difficulties, primarily because of aging and withdrawal from the affairs of its founders and assimilation among the younger generations of Ukrainians.

Freight forwarders play a key role in moving goods across international borders. They arrange transport, oversee customs clearance on behalf of their clients, and more generally troubleshoot issues that arise while goods are in transit. This paper reports the results from a survey of 153 freight forwarding firms in Serbia. Respondents report on firm characteristics, operational choices, and conditions at the border posts and terminals where imported goods are cleared for release. One key purpose of the study is to investigate operational trade-offs between time and cost that arise when import shipments are in transit. In three of four hypotheticals, respondents suggest that money savings dominate time savings. Responses regarding real operational decisions such as route choices reinforce this finding. Respondents also reported penalty rates for late delivery of import shipments as well as the value of a typical import shipment. From these responses, it is estimated that the contracted value of one additional (unexpected) day of delivery time in Serbia appears to be approximately 1 percent of the value of the underlying shipment.

Der Anbau von Gemüse in urbanen Gebieten stellt eine nachhaltige Strategie zur Nahrungsmittelsicherheit dar. Obwohl Gemüseanbau oft als Überlebensstrategie armer Bevölkerungsgruppen betrachtet wird, praktizieren ihn städtische Bewohner aller Einkommensschichten. Angesichts wachsender Bevölkerungszahlen in den Städten und steigender Armut wird der Anbau von Nahrungsmitteln zu einem entscheidenden Faktor der Existenzgrundlage, auch wenn er in vielen Entwicklungsländern – so auch in Ghana – offiziell untersagt ist. Im städtischen Großraum Tamale, im Norden Ghanas, wird Gemüseanbau durch Landknappheit, unklare Besitzverhältnisse und Wassermangel beeinträchtigt. Farmer weichen deshalb auf Flächen entlang temporärer Bachläufe, Abwasserkanäle, Erdlöcher, Brunnen, kaputter Abflussrohre und Rückhaltebecken aus. Urbanisierung und steigende Marktwerte für Land sowie unregulierte Grundstücksmärkte haben zu einem Anstieg an Landverkäufen in urbanen und peri-urbanen Gebieten geführt. Dabei konkurriert urbane Landwirtschaft mit anderen – ökonomisch gewinnträchtigeren – Formen der Landnutzung, wie beispielsweise der Industrie und des Wohnungsbaus. Für die Farmer besteht das größte Problem des rasanten urbanen Wachstums in den sich verändernden Landnutzungsmustern. Diese haben nicht nur zu einer Verringerung primärer Ackerflächen geführt, sondern auch zu geringerer landwirtschaftlicher Produktivität, einem niedrigen Lebensstandard und Nahrungsmittelunsicherheit. Die Situation im städtischen Großraum Tamale und den umliegenden Gebieten bildet diese Veränderungen besonders eindrücklich ab. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert die sozio-politische Konfiguration, die Ressourcenflüsse in Aktivitäten der urbanen Landwirtschaft, verstanden als Produktion und Vermarktung landwirtschaftlicher und gartenbaulicher Produkte, kanalisiert. Sie untersucht, wie die Farmer diesen Prozess durch verschiedene Governance-Systeme in ihren jeweiligen sozio-ökonomischen Umgebungen bewältigen und es notwendig machen, verschiedene Technologien in unterschiedlichem Maße zu bewerten und einzusetzen. Nach einer allgemeinen Stichprobenumfrage in Kombination mit einem Participatory-Appraisal-Ansatz zur Feststellung der spezifischen Eigenschaften des urbanen und peri-urbanen landwirtschaftlichen Systems, habe ich ein Mixed-Method-Design für meine Studie angewandt. Mit Hilfe des Global Positioning Systems (GPS) erfasste ich quantitative räumliche Daten aller freistehenden Anbauflächen. Mit einer unbemannten Drohne wurde eine Luftbildvermessung durchgeführt und mit der ArcGIS Software kartiert. Zusätzlich habe ich Google Earth-Aufnahmen mit Erinnerungen von Farmern trianguliert. Qualitative Daten erhob ich durch Gruppendiskussionen, mit Hilfe teilnehmender Fotografie, in Interviews und durch teilnehmende Beobachtung. Die Forschung fand zwischen Oktober 2013 und Februar 2015 statt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die landwirtschaftlich genutzte Fläche in Tamale und Umgebung zwischen 2008 und 2014 trotz gleichzeitiger Entstehung neuer Gemüsefelder an den Stadträndern um 8,3 % verringerte. Obwohl die landwirtschaftlichen Flächen weniger werden, ist Gemüseanbau kein temporäres Phänomen. Der Gemüseanbau hat eine außergewöhnliche Resistenz gegen verschiedene Widerstände bewiesen und ohne externe Initiative oder Unterstützung eine Nische eingenommen. Er profitiert dabei von seiner Nähe zum Markt, der hohen Nachfrage nach schnell verderblichen Produkten und den fehlenden Möglichkeiten, Waren gekühlt zu transportieren. Obwohl Farmer immer wieder ihren Standort wechseln, sind andere Freiflächen – oftmals diejenigen, die als Bauland ungeeignet sind – das gesamte letzte Jahrhundert hindurch landwirtschaftlich genutzt worden. Die Studie zeigt, dass Konflikte zwischen traditionellen- und Regierungsinstitutionen um Landbesitz und -management die Nahrungsmittelsicherheit nicht nur gefährden, sondern gleichzeitig auch zu innovativen städtischen Versorgungsstrukturen führen. Im Zusammenspiel aus freundschaftlichen Beziehungen und Netzwerken zwischen Farmern und anderen Akteuren sind innovative Strategien hervorgegangen. Beispielsweise werden Überflutungsgebiete oder öffentliche Grünanlagen kultiviert, die weder von Chiefs verkauft noch von der Regierung bebaut werden können. Auch erschließen sich die Akteure den Kontakt zu Nichtregierungsorganisationen, die in der urbanen Landwirtschaft eine Überlebensstrategie und eine zukunftsfähige Alternative zur Herstellung von Nahrungsmittelsicherheit sehen und die Gemüsegärtner folglich unterstützen. Komplexe sozio-politische Realitäten wie der Mangel an verlässlichen legalen Rahmenbedingungen für städtischen Anbau führen durch unterschiedliche Landmanagementsysteme zu Konflikten zwischen "traditionellen" und staatlichen Institutionen. Akteure in diesen Konflikten sind Chieftaincy-Institutionen, die Landkommission, das Administrative Office of Stool Lands, sowie die Stadt- und Landschaftsplanungsbehörde. In ihrem Zusammenspiel kreieren diese Institutionen Räume, in denen Ressourcenzugang und –kontrolle in Form historischer Zugänge, öffentlicher Diskurse und Technologien immer wieder neu geformt werden. Zum Beispiel instrumentalisieren Farmer historische Erzählungen oder eignen sich Entwicklungsdiskurse an, um Landzugang einzufordern. Chiefs hingegen schöpfen ihre Autorität aus öffentlichen Diskursen, die sie als gewohnheitsmäßige Landeigentümer legitimieren. Sie beziehen sich darüber hinaus auf die Verfassung aus dem Jahr 1992, die Chiefs mit Machtressourcen ausstattet, indem sie ihnen erlaubt, Landfragen direkt zu klären sowie enteignetes Land an die Besitzer zurückzugeben, sofern die Regierung es nicht mehr benötigt. Um ihre Ansprüche auf Land geltend zu machen, errichten Farmer hingegen Umzäunungen, entfernen territoriale Markierungspfosten und zapfen Wasserleitungen an. Nichtregierungsorganisationen unterstützen die Farmer, indem sie ihnen Zugang zu Technologien wie solarbetriebene Bewässerung, Treibhäuser und verbessertes Saatgut ermöglichen. Der Zugang von Frauen zu landwirtschaftlich nutzbarem Land in einer mehrheitlich männlichen dominierten Produktionsweise wird erschwert durch eine permanente Rekonstruktion von Tradition, die eine männliche Herrschaft in Landangelegenheiten reklamiert. Dennoch verfügen Frauen über eine Vielzahl flexibler Strategien, um sich trotz Knappheit Zugang zu Land zu verschaffen und ihrer Rolle in der Versorgung des Haushalts nachzukommen. An Bewässerungsstandorten, die von Regierungsbehörden kontrolliert und verwaltet werden, wurden Bewirtschaftungspraktiken zur Unterstützung von Frauen eingeführt, die es den Frauen ermöglichen, direkten Landzugang zu erhalten, anstatt wie gewohnheitsrechtlich Zugang zu Land ausschließlich über ihre Ehemänner zu erhalten. Hierdurch ergaben sich Veränderungen in den Besitzverhältnissen der Frauen gegenüber Land. Landbesitz von Frauen in der Umgebung von Bewässerungsstandorten stellt ein bislang ungeschildertes Phänomen in der Literatur über Gender und Ressourcenzugang in Ghana und in Afrika im Allgemeinen dar. Die theoretischen Implikationen der Studie beziehen sich auf die Erkenntnis, dass Farmer Akteure sind, die überlegte Entscheidungen zwischen unterschiedlichen ihnen zur Verfügung stehenden Governance-Systemen treffen, um ihre Interessen bestmöglich durchzusetzen. Indem sie beispielsweise innerhalb ihres Netzwerks aus diversen Unterstützern wie Nichtregierungsorganisationen, Chiefs und Regierungsbehören manövrieren, verhandeln sie effektiv den Zugang zu und die Kontrolle über Ressourcen. Auch nutzen Farmer diverse Foren wie zum Beispiel Versammlungen und Gerichtsverhandlungen, um ihre Ansprüche durchzusetzen und zu rechtfertigen und um bestehende Governance-Stukturen zu hinterfragen. Sie ignorieren administrative Vorgaben oder umgehen sie, um wiederum diejenigen Governance-Systeme zu stabilisieren, mit denen sie sich verbündet haben. Im Prozess des Entscheidens für ein bestimmtes Governance-System und damit gegen ein anderes, entsteht ein neues Governance-System. In einigen Fällen werden mehrere Governance-Systeme miteinander verknüpft, so dass neue, an die Interessen des jeweiligen Akteurs angepasste hybride Systeme entstehen. Zusammenfassend lässt sich feststellen, dass Interaktionen zwischen Akteuren nicht nur Szenarien von Kooperation und Konflikt darstellen, sondern darüber hinaus auch Prozesse der gegenseitigen Gestaltung und der Ko-Konstruktion von Governance-Systemen sind. Diese spielen eine entscheidende Rolle dafür, wie Gender, Landknappheit und Nahrungsmittelsicherheit mit dem Zugang zu und der Kontrolle von Ressourcen in urbanen und peri-urbanen Gebieten interagieren. Die auf Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse formulierte Empfehlung lautet, dass Stadtplanungspolitiken das Phänomen der urbanen Landwirtschaft integrieren müssen, wenn städtische Armut verringert und Nahrungsmittelsicherheit gewährleistet werden soll. Überflutungsgebiete oder Grünflächen sollten Farmern legal und transparent im Hinblick auf die Zuteilungsmechanismen zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Neue Formen von städtischer Landwirtschaft wie Gemüseanbau in Säcken oder andere innovative Methoden, die der sozialen Realität der Stadtbewohner angepasst sind, sollten eingeführt und die Kapazitäten der Farmer gestärkt werden, sich diese anzueignen. Schlagwörter: Gemüseproduktion, Technologie, Ressourcen, Beziehungen, Legitimität, Zugang, Governance ; Vegetable farming in Ghana`s urban areas is mostly a sustainable livelihood strategy. Alt-hough it is considered a means of survival for the poor, vegetable farming is practiced by urban dwellers across the income spectrum. As poverty and urban population increase, so is the need to supplement income with privately cultivated foodstuff. In Ghana's Northern Regional capital of Tamale, vegetable farming is constrained by a number of factors including land availability, land tenure security, and access to water. As a result, many vegetable farmers have resorted to cultivating lands along streams and canals, dugouts, wells, broken sewers, and reservoirs. The scarcity of land for vegetable farming in the urban and peri-urban areas of Ghana is as the result of competition. Farming competes with other land use forms such as industry and housing, both of which attract higher economic rents. The most serious threat to farmers posed by urbanization is the changing land use pattern. Changes in land use have resulted in less availability of prime agricultural land for farming which has lowered agricultural production, food security, and standard of living. Such is the situation in the Tamale metropolitan area and its surroundings in Ghana's Northern Region. This study analyzes the socio-political process by which resource flows are directed towards the production and selling of vegetables in Ghana`s urban areas. It examines how this process is managed by farmers through different governance systems in diverse socio-economic environments which prompt them to value the different technologies differently. I employed a mixed-method approach for this study after a general random sampled survey, and a participatory appraisal was conducted to characterize the urban and peri-urban agricultural system. I collected quantitative spatial data by measuring all open space cultivated areas with a Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Aerial maps were obtained with an Un-manned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and mapped with ArcGIS software. Images from Google Earth maps triangulated farmers' recollection. Qualitative data were collected using focus group discussions, participatory photography, interviews and participant observation. This study was carried out between October 2013 and February 2015. Results reveal that the area of cultivated farmlands has decreased by 8.3% between 2008 and 2014, even as new vegetable sites emerged in the peri-urban fringes. Even though these farming areas are reducing, vegetable farming is not a temporary phenomenon. It has shown a remarkable resistance against various constraints and maintains a niche without external initiative or support as it takes advantage of market proximity, the high demand for perishable cash crops and the typical lack of refrigerated transport. Although farmers change their location over time, other open areas - usually those unsuited for construction - have been under continuous cropping for the past century. This study found that conflict between traditional and government institutions over land ownership and management has inadvertently led to innovative provisioning in vegetable production in the city, even though it has simultaneously threatened its contribution to food and nutritional security. Innovative strategies for continual vegetable production have emerged as a result of cordial relationships and networks that have developed between farmers and other actors. For example, farmers cultivate public green zones and floodplains which cannot legally be sold by chiefs nor used to construct government buildings. Farmers are also building alliances with Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) that see urban agriculture as a viable activity and survival strategy for urban and peri-urban dwellers to maintain agricultural activity. Furthermore, the lack of a legal framework for urban farming in the Tamale area has led to conflicts between traditional and state institutions with implications for land tenure management systems. The conflict is often between the various chieftaincy institutions, the Lands Commission, the Administrative Office of Stool Lands, and the Town and Country Planning Department. Claim to land and other resources is made through historical recollections, public discourses, and technology. For example, farmers use stories from past events to legitimise their claims over land or restructure development discourses while chiefs rely on public discussions and discourses which support their rights as customary landowners to lay claim to lands. Chiefs also make use of the statutory laws and the 1992 Constitution which empowers the chieftaincy institution and puts within its jurisdiction lands not claimed by the government. To circumvent boundaries created by chiefs and others, farmers employ technologies such as fencing and pipe-borne water connections systems. Their efforts are supplemented by non-governmental organizations who furnish them with equipment such as solar-powered irrigation facilities, greenhouses, and improved seeds in order to boost their production. Moreover, women's access to farmland has always been hampered by the reconstruction of traditions that support male dominance in land affairs. However, some recent policy developments have renegotiated the condition of access to farmlands in favour of women. For instance, the introduction of gender-sensitive agricultural practices on government irrigation sites has resulted in the allocation of plots of land directly to women as opposed to through their male relatives as it was previously done. This has revolutionised the traditional gender roles in agriculture and has empowered women through primary land ownership. Women's ownership of land on irrigation sites is a novel finding that contributes to the broader literature on gender and resource access in Ghana and Africa. The theoretical implication of this study is that farmers' choice of, or relationship to, various local, national, and international actors is not foreordained but is instead based, to a large extent, on pragmatism. For example, by shifting alliances between non-governmental organisations and the government or supreme chiefs, they facilitate cooperation and possible negotiation for access and control over resources in their interests. Farmers also use multiple forums like meetings and courts to be able to gain legitimacy and challenge existing governance systems. Actors sometimes ignore or employ distinct strands of governance or undermine them to achieve their aims. These challenges are often used to gain legitimacy for the governance systems they are allied with. In the process of choosing one governance system over another, a new governance system comes into being. In other cases, combinations of different governance systems are forced to construct new hybrid systems tailored to an actor's interest. To conclude, the interplay between the various actors (farmers, traditional chiefs, government and non-governmental agencies) is not always a simple case of cooperation or conflict. Instead, it is a malleable process of mutual reshaping and co-construction of the governance systems which reconfigure gender roles, improve access to scarce lands, and increase food security. It is my strong recommendation that urban planning policy makers integrate agriculture into the larger discourse about poverty reduction and the alleviation of food insecurity. Green zones and flood-prone government lands in the urban areas which are currently been wasted should be allocated to farmers for food cultivation. This, however, must come with clearly defined mandates and guidelines that err on the side of transparency in land allocation and ownership. Innovative methods such as the farming of vegetables in sacks and other locally suitable means of maximizing production should be introduced alongside the strengthening of farmers' capacity to adopt those means.

Over the past couple of decades, global financing for development has changed dramatically. The biggest shifts have been the rapid increase of net private financing flows to developing countries, in particular to middle-income countries (MICs); the sustained growth of official development assistance (ODA) from Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members, even excluding debt relief; the emergence of MICs as growth poles and sources of ODA with different approaches to aid delivery than those of DAC donors; and the expanded role of private aid. In addition, past trends of proliferation, fragmentation and earmarking of aid have continued. This paper reviews broad trends in global financing for development, with a focus on ODA and the growing importance of new development partners such as the so-called BRICS. In this context, it discusses the implications of this changing landscape for aid effectiveness and the role of ODA going forward.

2-s2.0-85105163177 ; The rate for Higgs (H) bosons production in association with either one (t H) or two (t t ¯ H) top quarks is measured in final states containing multiple electrons, muons, or tau leptons decaying to hadrons and a neutrino, using proton–proton collisions recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13Te by the CMS experiment. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 137fb-1. The analysis is aimed at events that contain H ? W W , H ? ? ? , or H ? Z Z decays and each of the top quark(s) decays either to lepton+jets or all-jet channels. Sensitivity to signal is maximized by including ten signatures in the analysis, depending on the lepton multiplicity. The separation among t H , t t ¯ H , and the backgrounds is enhanced through machine-learning techniques and matrix-element methods. The measured production rates for the t t ¯ H and t H signals correspond to 0.92±0.19(stat)-0.13+0.17(syst) and 5.7±2.7(stat)±3.0(syst) of their respective standard model (SM) expectations. The corresponding observed (expected) significance amounts to 4.7 (5.2) standard deviations for t t ¯ H , and to 1.4 (0.3) for t H production. Assuming that the Higgs boson coupling to the tau lepton is equal in strength to its expectation in the SM, the coupling yt of the Higgs boson to the top quark divided by its SM expectation, ?t=yt/ytSM, is constrained to be within - 0.9 < ?t< - 0.7 or 0.7 < ?t< 1.1 , at 95% confidence level. This result is the most sensitive measurement of the t t ¯ H production rate to date. © 2021, CERN for the benefit of the CMS collaboration. ; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, SENESCYT Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, FAPERJ Cosmetic Surgery Foundation, CSF Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Ministry of Education - Singapore, MOE Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, PAEC Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, MBIE National Science and Technology Development Agency, ????: Thailand Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, IPM Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, MOST Missouri University of Science and Technology, MST European Regional Development Fund, ERDF Hispanics in Philanthropy, HIP Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, BUAP Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS National Research Foundation of Korea, NRF Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, SEIDI Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, BMBWF Ministry of Science,Technology and Research, MoSTR U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE Suomen Akatemia Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES National Science Council, NSC Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, TAEK Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO National Science Foundation, NSF Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF Austrian Science Fund, FWF Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP Secretaría de Educación Pública, SEP Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, NASU National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, ???? Universiti Malaya, UM Russian Academy of Sciences, ??? State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM, ROSATOM Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, ?????? Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, IN2P3 Maryland Ornithological Society, MOS Russian Foundation for Basic Research, ???? Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS) European Regional Development Fund, ERDF CERN General Secretariat for Research and Technology, GSRT Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO Science Foundation Ireland, SFI Ministry of Education and Science, MES Louisiana Academy of Sciences, LAS Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology, IPST National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", NRC KI Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovaciós Alap, NKFIA Nvidia European Regional Development Fund, ERDF Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki, MNiSW Kavli Foundation Welch Foundation: C-1845 Weston Havens Foundation Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG: 390833306 Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, FNP Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India, CSIR Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, BMSTC: Z191100007219010 MDM-2015-0509 Qatar National Research Fund, QNRF A.G. Leventis Foundation Narodowe Centrum Nauki, NCN: 2012/07/E/ST2/01406, 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861 Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture, FRIA Horizon 2020: 752730, 675440, 724704, 765710 Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie, IWT Chulalongkorn University, CU Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, BELSPO Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung European Commission, EC Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy, MŠMT Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy, MŠMT 30820817 Tomsk Polytechnic University, TPU Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO European Research Council, ERC Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, MTA Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovaciós Alap, NKFIA: 125105, 128713, 128786, 124850, 129058, 123842, 123959, 124845 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC PUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). ; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, and 765710 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science – EOS" – be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany's Excellence Strategy – EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe" – 390833306; the Lendület ("Momentum") Program and the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program ÚNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, and 129058 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, project no. 02.a03.21.0005 (Russia); the Tomsk Polytechnic University Competitiveness Enhancement Program; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

WOS:000441334500002 ; The results of a previous search by the CMS Collaboration for squarks and gluinos are reinterpreted to constrain models of leptoquark (LQ) production. The search considers jets in association with a transverse momentum imbalance, using the M-T2 variable. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data at root s = 13 TeV, recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). Leptoquark pair production is considered with LQ decays to a neutrino and a top, bottom, or light quark. This reinterpretation considers higher mass values than the original CMS search to constrain both scalar and vector LQs. Limits on the cross section for LQ pair production are derived at the 95% confidence level depending on the LQ decay mode. A vector LQ decaying with a 50% branching fraction to t nu, and 50% to b tau, has been proposed as part of an explanation of anomalous flavor physics results. In such a model, using only the decays to t nu, LQ masses below 1530 GeV are excluded assuming the Yang-Mills case with coupling kappa = 1, or 1115 GeV in the minimal coupling case kappa = 0, placing the most stringent constraint to date from pair production of vector LQs. ; BMWFW (Austria); FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MoST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERC IUT (Estonia)Estonian Research Council; ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); RosAtom (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); PCTI (Spain); FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); SFFR (Ukraine)State Fund for Fundamental Research (SFFR); STFC (United Kingdom)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE (USA)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (USA)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie program (European Union)European Union (EU); Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union)European Union (EU) [675440]; European Research Council (European Union)European Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC); Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); F. R. S.-FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science-EOS"-be.h ProjectFWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary)Hungarian Academy of Sciences; New National Excellence Program UNKP (Hungary); NKFIA (Hungary) [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science (Poland); European Union, Regional Development Fund (Poland); Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland); National Science Center (Poland)National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Center, Poland [2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis program; Aristeia program; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand); Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); Direct For Mathematical & Physical ScienNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences (MPS) [1151640] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/J005479/1, ST/M004775/1, ST/J004871/1, ST/L005603/1, ST/N001273/1, ST/K003542/1, ST/I505580/1, ST/I003622/1, ST/K003542/1 GRID PP, ST/F007434/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI and FEDER (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F. R. S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science-EOS"-be.h Project No. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research Grants Nos. 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, Grant No. MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, Contract No. C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

WOS:000444676300003 ; A search for dark matter particles is performed by looking for events with large transverse momentum imbalance and a recoiling Higgs boson decaying to either a pair of photons or a pair of tau leptons. The search is based on proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected at the CERN LHC in 2016 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). No significant excess over the expected standard model background is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are presented for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction in the context of two benchmark simplified models. For the Z'-two-Higgs-doublet model (where Z' is a new massive boson mediator) with an intermediate heavy pseudoscalar particle of mass m(A) = 300 GeV and m(DM) = 100 GeV, the Z' masses from 550 GeV to 1265 GeV are excluded. For a baryonic Z' model, with m(DM) = 1 GeV, Z' masses up to 615 GeV are excluded. Results are also presented for the spin-independent cross section for the dark matter-nucleon interaction as a function of the mass of the dark matter particle. This is the first search for dark matter particles produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to two tau leptons. ; BMBWF (Austria); FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MoST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERC IUT (Estonia)Estonian Research Council; ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); RosAtom (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); PCTI (Spain); FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); SFFR (Ukraine)State Fund for Fundamental Research (SFFR); STFC (United Kingdom)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE (U.S.A.)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (U.S.A.)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie programEuropean Union (EU); European Research Council (European Union)European Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC); Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union)European Union (EU) [675440]; Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); F.R.S.-FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science- EOS"- be.h projectFWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Lendulet ("Momentum") Program; Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary)Hungarian Academy of Sciences; UNKP (Hungary); NKFIA (Hungary) [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU); Ministry of Science and Higher EducationMinistry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; National Science Center (Poland)National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Center, Poland [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis program; Aristeia program; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand); Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.); Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/N001273/1, ST/F007434/1, ST/I505580/1, ST/L005603/1, ST/J004871/1, ST/I003622/1, ST/K003542/1 GRID PP, ST/K003542/1, ST/J005479/1, ST/M004775/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.).; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science- EOS"- be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.).

WOS:000454634400001 ; A general search for the pair production of resonances, each decaying to two quarks, is reported. The search is conducted separately for heavier resonances (masses above 400 GeV), where each of the four final-state quarks generates a hadronic jet resulting in a four-jet signature, and for lighter resonances (masses between 80 and 400 GeV), where the pair of quarks from each resonance is collimated and reconstructed as a single jet resulting in a two-jet signature. In addition, a b-tagged selection is applied to target resonances with a bottom quark in the final state. The analysis uses data collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The mass spectra are analyzed for the presence of new resonances, and are found to be consistent with standard model expectations. The results are interpreted in the framework of R-parity-violating supersymmetry assuming the pair production of scalar top quarks decaying via the hadronic coupling lambda ''(312) or lambda ''(323) and upper limits on the cross section as a function of the top squark mass are set. These results probe a wider range of masses than previously explored at the LHC, and extend the top squark mass limits in the (t) over tilde -> qq' scenario. ; BMBWF (Austria); FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MoST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERC IUT (Estonia)Estonian Research Council; ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); RosAtom (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); PCTI (Spain); FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); SFFR (Ukraine)State Fund for Fundamental Research (SFFR); STFC (United Kingdom)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE (USA)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (USA)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie program (European Union)European Union (EU); European Research Council (European Union)European Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC); Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union)European Union (EU) [675440]; Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); F.R.S.-FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Lendulet ("Momentum") Program (Hungary); Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary)Hungarian Academy of Sciences; New National Excellence Program UNKP (Hungary); NKFIA (Hungary) [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU); Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Science Center (Poland)National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Center, Poland [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis program; Aristeia program; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand); Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/M004775/1, ST/K003542/1 GRID PP, ST/K003542/1, ST/I505580/1, ST/J004871/1, ST/N001273/1, ST/I003622/1, ST/L005603/1, ST/J005479/1, ST/F007434/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, Contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science-EOS"-be.h Project No. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research Grants No. 123842, No. 123959, No. 124845, No. 124850, and No. 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), Contracts No. Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, No. Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, No. 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and No. 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, No. Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, Grant No. MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, Contract No. C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).