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In the following paper, I will expand upon these legislative and organizational actions to assert the role of Black women in reproductive politics. I will be using the term 'Black' to describe the women and the organizations to ensure that African American, African, or any other identifying women involved in the movement are included in my analysis. ; Black Feminism in the 1970s: Community Organization, Achievement, and Reproductive Rights Activism Greta VanOsdol HIS-300 Senior Thesis May 16, 2016 Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Arts in History from Gustavus Adolphus College. Gustavus Student Repository - Thesis 1 Table of Contents I. Introduction 2 II. Background 4 III. Historiography 14 IV. Legislation 15 V. Organizations' Efforts 19 VI. National Organization for Women 21 VII. National Black Feminist Organization 24 a. Combahee River Collective 26 VIII. Black Opinions of Abortion 27 IX. Conclusion 32 Gustavus Student Repository - Thesis 2 "We believe that sexual politics under patriarchy is as pervasive in Black women's lives as are the politics of class and race. We often find it difficult to separate race from class from sex oppression because in our lives they are most often experienced simultaneously."1 Black women in the 1970s built a community through feminist organizations, educating other women on the availabilities of reproductive resources such as contraception and abortion due to their shared experiences and hardships. Black women have a unique relationship with reproductive rights due to a long history of forced sterilization and an inability to choose the time of pregnancy. Because of the lack of access to contraception and abortion, family planning was difficult for many women in the 1970s. Consequently, Black feminist organizations of the 1970s approached reproductive rights tentatively, aware that abortive procedures could turn into unwanted sterilization procedures.2 The 1973 Supreme Court case, Roe v. Wade, was groundbreaking in terms of ...

Clara Yunita Afdiani. 2216500005. 2021. KONSTRUKSI FEMINISME DALAM FILM LITTLE WOMEN (Sebuah Studi Semiotika). SKRIPSI. Pembimbing I : Dra. Hj. Oemi Hartati, M.Si. Pembimbing II : Diryo Suparto, S.IP, M.Si. Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi. Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik. Universitas Pancasakti Tegal. Film Little Women adalah film yang diadaptasi dari novel klasik bertema feminisme karya Louisa May Alcott. Sesuai versi novelnya, film ini mengangkat cerita kehidupan dan dilemma perempuan abad ke -18 tentang impian dan penikahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konstruksi feminisme dalam film Little Women dan mengetahui tanda-tanda yang terdapat dalam film tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa pengamatan terhadap objek penelitian dan studi pustaka. Untuk menganalisis data, penulis menggunakan analisis Semiotika Charles Sander Pierce melalui tiga tahap yaitu Sign, Object, dan Interpretant. Untuk mengelompokkan scene dan capture dalam film ini penulis menggunakan Pendekatan Interseksional antar kategoris Mc Call dan Klasifikasi feminisme oleh Insani Nur Citra S yang terdiri dari Occupation, Sexuality, Gender, dan Labelling. Penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa kesimpulan tentang feminisme dalam film Little Women. Terdapat 19 scene dan 73 gambar yang mengandung feminisme dalam film ini. Dari 5 konsep klasifikasi kemiskinan yang peneliti pilih untuk mengkonstruksikan feminisme dalam film Little Women, konsep feminisme pertama yakni klasifikasi Stereotipe membentuk opini individu (Labelling) merupakan klasifikasi dengan sub terbanyak yaitu terdapat 7 sub klasifikasi. Ditunjukkan jika labelling yang dibentuk masyarakat untuk perempuan sangatlah banyak dan mencakup ke berbagai aspek kehidupan pada zaman itu, mulai dari sikap, kelakuan, kesopan santunan, penampilan, bahkan hak yang mereka dapatkan juga diatur dalam stereotipe yang tumbuh subur dimasyarakat, hal ini mencerminkan bahwa ketidakberdayaan dan ketidakadilan yang dirasakan berasal dari masyarakat itu sendiri. Kata Kunci : Film, Feminisme, Semiotika

This interview arose out of a shared desire to document some of the unwritten, anecdotal history of film studies and the cultures of cinema more broadly. In a conversation with Karola Gramann and Heide Schlüpmann, film and media scholars Julia Leyda and Chris Tedjasukmana encouraged them to narrate some of their individual and intertwined personal, political, and professional experiences surrounding the development of the discipline in Europe, knowing that this was enmeshed with other fertile intellectual movements like critical theory and feminism. ; publishedVersion

This article assesses the impact and import of 1970s French feminist video collectives, focusing on the relationship between technology, subjectivity, and embodiment. It investigates how early portable video technology provided the tools for an exploration of subjectivity as collective and political, focusing in particular on the work of French activist video collectives Vidéo Out, les Muses s'amusent, and les Insoumuses. Arguing for protoqueer, nomadic, dissident, and performative modes of expression, it demonstrates that collective subjectivity never follows a clear, linear pattern but rather emerges, so to speak, through the lines, much like the video image itself.

This article presents an approach to studying processes of transnational exchange and reception between social movements. It does so by focusing on a locally situated case study: the movement for women's reproductive and sexual health and rights in 1970s Rome. A focal point in 'second-wave' Italian feminism, these groups were profoundly shaped by feminist debates and practices in, notably, the USA and France. The analysis highlights the centrality of local actors in translating, appropriating and re-(and de-)contextualizing transnational sources, thus transforming their meanings. Questioning the often automatic status ascribed to the nation-state as analytical framework, the article illustrates that re-contextualization equally takes place on the local (as distinct from national) level, and that these layered transfer processes are central to understanding the complexity and effectiveness of postwar social movements such as feminism.

Feminist welfare-state research has repeatedly pointed to the link between women's social rights and the extent to which they are freed from family obligations. Thus the availability of sufficient extra-familial child care in order to combine work and family life should be a central claim of women activists. Swedish child-care politics of the 1960s and 1970s reflects this logic well: Swedish feminists lobbied intensely for the expansion of public child care. In West Germany, however, second-wave feminists made no major demand for child-care services: German feminist politics does not fit with the assumptions about women's interests underlying most feminist research on welfare states. Rather than assuming a fixed set of women's interests, this paper argues for a dynamic and contextualizing approach to women's collective agency in modern welfare states. It is argued that national variations in feminist politics concerning women's social rights are the result of differences in women's collective identity formation and their reactions to historically specific political and discursive opportunity structures.