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The objective of this article is to show the contribution of solidarity organizations in Colombia, especially in the Caribbean region and how that companies helps the people En Gestión Social y Solidaria to acquire and aggregate values determined on the need of the people with-in them; it is noteworthy that the percentage of solidarity companies is on an in-crease that is slow but ensuring a good future for these organizations, indicating that since the completion of this article, the percentage of companies has increased considerably and the Caribbean region has seen a positive change that will be in-fluenced by the different political variables that we have been unleashed in this year 2016. ; objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el aporte de organizaciones solidarias que existen en Colombia, especialmente en la Región Caribe y como estas adquieren valores agregados determinados en la necesidad de las personas que las conforman; cabe destacar el porcentaje de empresas solidarias que va en un aumen-to, pero que asegura un buen futuro para este tipo de organizaciones, lo que indica que desde la realización de este articulo el porcentaje de empresas haya aumentado considerablemente y en la Región Caribe se haya visto un cambio positivo que será influido con las diferentes variables políticas que se han desatado en este año 2016

The objective of this article is to show the contribution of solidarity organizations in Colombia, especially in the Caribbean region and how that companies helps the people to acquire and aggregate values determined on the need of the people within them; it is noteworthy that the percentage of solidarity companies is on an increase that is slow but ensuring a good future far these organizations, indicat-ing that since the completion of this article, the percentage of companies has in-creased considerably and the Caribbean region has seen a positive change that will be influenced by the different political variables that we have been unleashed in this year 2016. ; El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el aporte de organizaciones solidarias que existen en Colombia, especialmente en la región Caribe y como estas adquieren valores agregados determinados en la necesidad de las personas que las con-forman; cabe destacar el porcentaje de empresas solidarias que va en un aumen-to, pero que asegura un buen futuro para este tipo de organizaciones, lo que in-dica que desde la realización de este artículo el porcentaje de empresas haya aumentado considerablemente y en la región Caribe se haya visto un cambio po-sitivo que será influido con las diferentes variables políticas que se han desatado en este año 2016.

Abstract This article is the result of ethnographic research carried out with black women from San Basilio de Palenque, a black community located in the Colombian Caribbean. These women work as peddlers of different types of sweets in Colombian territories and neighboring countries. My ethnography followed the movement of Palenquera women who circulate with sweets, in order to examine the dynamics, movements, interactions and meanings of this activity in terms of race, gender and work relations. The women find social dignity in the universe of sweets, despite affirming and experiencing harmful effects on their bodies - that is, despite recognizing that peddling sweets is work that can kill, and that makes them "slaves" - and express positive valuations and emotions about the work. This dual meaning of working with sweets permeates the descriptions presented in this article. The trade offers a marginalized and ambiguous strategy that allows them to survive and promote their social mobility, especially by investing the material gains in the formal education of their children, and the sense that this marginal strategy, although it is difficult, provides them autonomy and dignity.

Dujardin, J. C. et al. 5 p.-1 tab. ; Global priorities for research in neglected infectious diseases (NIDs) can be assessed in different ways, but it is important to realize that regional priorities may significantly differ one from another. The region of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is—along with Africa and Asia—more affected by NIDs than other regions of the world. Some of the Latin American NIDs are common to other continents, while others are very specific or disproportionately affect the Latin American region [1– 3] (Table 1). Because of its huge ecological diversity, ongoing environmental changes, and massive migrations, LAC is also a catalyst for the (re-)emergence and spreading of NIDs, both inside and outside the subcontinent. Following a colloquium on NIDs in LAC held in Lima, Peru, between 12 and 14 November 2009, a thematic workshop was organized with the support of the European Commission (EC). It involved 29 scientists (16 from the Americas, two from the Democratic Republic of Congo and India, respectively, and nine from Europe) working on different NIDs and representing several research areas from basic to applied. This report summarizes the consensus comments of the expert group after oral and written consultation. It is envisaged that this document should stimulate a debate within the scientific community and serve as a recommendation for future actions by international or regional funding agencies in the area of NIDs in LAC ; This work was supported by the Directorate-General for Development Cooperation of the Belgian Government (framework agreement 03, project 95502) and the European Commission ; Peer reviewed

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is increasingly turning out to become a global endeavor and has recently been extended to Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. The diversity in the makeup of the nation-states in the region poses several challenges concerning the region's association with the BRI. For instance, Venezuela has borrowed heavily from China while being mired in economic troubles. The Venezuelan example serves as a caution to others as well as China on the intricacies of debt management and lending. This paper aims to study the challenges and risks arising from the Belt and Road Initiative extending to Latin America and the Caribbean region. This paper also tries to analyses as to whether a win-win outcome can be achieved for both China and the LAC nation-states and as to what China seeks from the region. An attempt has been made to evaluate the role that the global environment might play in this evolving relationship between China and the LAC nation-states. The paper also analyse the post pandemic BRI investment in the LAC region.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the relationships between the capabilities and performance characteristics of logistic service providers (LSPs) in the Caribbean region. The study considers the organization's process improvement (PI) performance as it relates to their innovation capabilities, their efforts into information sharing and collaboration with customers, their planning for contingencies and considering the uncertainty of their customer's technology.


Design/methodology/approach
A survey was applied to 88 LSP firms with operations in the Caribbean region. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the hypothesized relationships.


Findings
The results indicate that the PI performance of LSPs is significantly related to their innovation capabilities, and that these capabilities are positively related to collaboration and exchange of relevant information. Furthermore, they indicate that information sharing between LSPs and their customers significantly improves the quality of contingency planning. However, the study showed that innovation capabilities are not directly related to the LSPs' focus on contingency planning and that customers' technology uncertainty does not have a significant effect on the LSPs' innovation capabilities.


Research limitations/implications
The sample of LSP firms is limited to three countries of the Caribbean region. Further examination of the model in additional countries and across multiple industrial contexts would increase the validity of the findings and expand to settings such as manufacturing and services.


Originality/value
This study measures operational performance of LSPs from a different perspective: its PI performance, and considers how multiple factors affect this performance.

3. POTENTIAL IMPACTS FROM PROJECTED CHANGES AND MANAGEMENT APPROACHES4. SELECTED CASE STUDIES IN SMALL ISLAND STATES (CARIBBEAN AND, WHERE AVAILABLE, PACIFIC AND IMA REGION); 5. CASE STUDIES; REFERENCES; Chapter 3: IMPACT OF FLOODING ON THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR; ABSTRACT; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. DIRT; 3. HYDRAULIC CIVILISATIONS AND THE RISE OF AGRICULTURE; 4. FLOODING; 5. FOOD SECURITY; 6. FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES; 7. CLIMATE CHANGE; CONCLUSION; REFERENCES; Chapter 4: IMPACTS OF FRESHWATER FLOODING IN COASTAL ZONES: SANDY BEACHES, CORAL REEFS AND SEAGRASS BEDS; ABSTRACT; INTRODUCTION.