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Knappe Übersicht über neuere Literatur zur ländlichen Entwicklung in Tansania: Skizzierung der unterschiedlichen Ansätze zur Kritik der Ujamaa-Konzeption und der jeweils für ihr Scheitern angeführten Ursachen. Die Bemühungen der tansanischen Regierung, die schwere Versorgungskrise durch politische Umorientierung in den Griff zu bekommen. (Fwr)

Rural development is the central subject of India like developing countries where 80% of people live in a rural area, the meaning of rural development not only the economic development of the rural areas, it also means that where each and every individual participating in the policy formulation and implementation take benefit of the public policies. In Assam is the gateway and centre point of North-eastern states. Assam has been playing a prominent role in the Indian economy, also cultivate the various type of agriculture facilities and mostly Tea, Rice, etc., The administrative system of rural areas 73rd amendment implemented, some tribal areas have run the tribal autonomous council, rural development means the whole subjects include like health, education and cultural all part of development, in this paper highlight the various scheme of government how far implement and people get benefit. ; This Article Published at Euro Afro Studies International Journal® (EASIJ.COM), Issue: 1, Vol.#1, Month: December, 2019.

'This comprehensive book deals with key issues of rural development. The authors address emergent issues of policy, structure and agency in complex and contrasting settings. Many of the chapters are written by scholars who are well-known in their areas of expertise, and younger scholars contribute in new areas of rural development concerns. The research and analysis presented makes clear that rural is more than agriculture, although in some regions it is still a driver. By looking at the twin issues of conservation and development in the context of complex social relations, this Handbook is a must for both scholars and practitioners of development. By including key articles that address emerging rural development issues in Latin America, Africa and Asia, the volume integrates global structures and local responses in a coherent and engaging manner.' (Cornelia Flora, Iowa State University, US). -- Although most countries in the world are rapidly urbanizing, the majority of the global population - particularly the poor - continue to live in rural areas. This Handbook rejects the popular notion that urbanization should be universally encouraged and presents clear evidence of the vital importance of rural people and places, particularly in terms of environmental conservation. Expert contributors from around the world explore how global trends, state policies and grassroots movements affect contemporary rural areas in both developed and developing countries. Rural development policies have historically focused primarily on increasing agricultural productivity, but this volume demonstrates the need for a much broader approach as rural producers become increasingly integrated into the global economy. Following a comprehensive discussion of rural development theory and policy, the contributors tackle a number of diverse topics, including resource dependence, migration, entrepreneurship and microfinance, tourism and gender issues. The book concludes with detailed explorations of rural development in different areas of the world, including Africa, China and Latin America. Professors and students of development studies, agricultural economics, environmental studies and sociology will find this Handbook an indispensable resource, as will practitioners and policymakers working in rural areas around the world.

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Encountering African Rural Development Planning -- What Is This Chapter About? -- What Characterizes the African Rural Development Planning Landscape? -- Why Synthesize African Rural Development Planning Knowledge? -- How Was This Book Prepared? -- The Self-Organization and Mobilization Process -- Information Gathering, Processing and Analysis -- The Main Themes -- High and Low Moments in Collaboration Experience -- What Do the Book Chapters Reveal? -- References -- Chapter 2: Natural Resource Management -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Study Designs and Approaches -- Theories and Conceptual Models -- Study Focus and Empirical Findings -- Developments in Natural Resource Management in Africa -- Implementation of Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Africa -- Origin of CBNRM Paradigm -- Impacts and Limitations of CBNRM in Africa -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Local Governance -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Approaches to Local Governance -- The Democratic Wave -- The Ghanaian Case -- The Tanzanian Case -- The Ethiopian Case -- The Devolution Wave -- The Ghanaian Case -- The Tanzanian Case -- The Ethiopian Case -- The Development Wave -- The Ghanaian Case -- The Tanzanian Case -- The Ethiopian Case -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Agriculture -- Introduction -- Method -- Results and Discussion -- Research Designs -- Theories and Conceptual Models -- Main Trends -- Programmes, Interventions and Specific Cases -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Financing Rural Development Programmes -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Study Designs -- Theories and Conceptual Models -- Study Focus and Empirical Findings -- Rural Finance and Infrastructure

This book systematically reviews the experiences and problems encountered in the development of China's rural areas over the past three decades since the start of the country's economic reform. As such, it addresses the most important aspects in terms of China's rural communities, farmers and agriculture from the perspective of development, such as the agricultural management system, rural land tenure system, rural fiscal and taxation system, financial system, science and technology system, rural governance structure, poverty alleviation, environmental protection, etc. The approach employed combines essential theories, laws, and policy strategies with rural development practice in order to analyze the success stories and lingering problems, to explore the causes of both, and to offer an outlook on the future of rural development.