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This paper focuses on the long-standing relationship between early childhood academics in a university and early years' practitioners in a combined nursery school and children's centre in Manchester, United Kingdom. The paper explores its development into a unique collaboration, centred on a belief in the importance of research– informed practice and practice–informed research in improving practice and outcomes for children and families. In the UK, the closest parallel is with work carried out by the Pen Green Centre, Corby and St Thomas' Children's Centre and the Centre for Research in Early Childhood, Birmingham. The paper uses Holland et al's concept of 'figured worlds' (1998) and Foucauldian notions of power to explore the meeting of academic, practitioner and political worlds. The research is longitudinal and includes both qualitative (exploring lived experience) and quantitative (measurement of impact) aspects as we explore the transformation of life chances in a particular community. A key feature is the attention given to the diverse agendas of children, parents, community collaborators, experienced early years practitioners, students of early childhood, early childhood academics, local authority quality officers and university leaders. The paper highlights the tensions and successes inherent in attending to the competing needs and demands of children, families, local government, funding agencies and the academy.We explore the ways in which the different positional identities come to affect the relative power held by the different stakeholders and what we have learnt about the processes of joint working required for success in negotiating a path between competing concerns.

Contemporary American Foreign Policy: Influences, Challenges, and Opportunities looks at today's most pressing foreign-policy challenges from a U.S. perspective, as well as from the vantage point of other states and peoples. It explores global issues such as human rights, climate change, poverty, nuclear arms proliferation, and economic collapse from multiple angles, not just through a so-called national interest lens. Authors Richard Mansbach and Kirsten L. Taylor shed new light on the competing forces that influence foreign-policy decision making, outline the various policy options available to decision makers, and explore the potential consequences of those policies, all to fully grasp and work to meet contemporary foreign-policy challenges

The present paper examines the question of intervention in the learning process of disadvantaged children by presenting a description of programmes and results from the experimental preschool at Bourke, N.S.W. The preschool attempts to provide the children with a choice of linguistic codes by teaching them the characteristics of elaborated formal English. The programme does not replace the restricted code but builds on it. Results are presented which indicate that a highly structured programme is most effective in accomplishing this goal. The problems associated with the research project and attempts to solve these difficulties are also discussed.

AbstractIntroductionDry socket and infection are complications of tooth extractions. The objective was to determine risk factors for post‐extraction complications in patients without antibiotic prophylaxis stratified by early‐ and late‐complications and complication type (oral infection and dry socket).MethodsRetrospective, case (with complications)‐control (without complications) study of patients (n = 708) who had ≥1 extraction performed at any Veterans Health Administration facility between 2015–2019 and were not prescribed an antibiotic 30 days pre‐extraction.ResultsEarly complication cases (n = 109) were more likely to be female [odds ratio (OR) = 2.06; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.05–4.01], younger (OR = 0.29; 95% CI:0.09–0.94 patients ≥ 80 years old, reference:18–44 years), Native American/Alaska Native (OR = 21.11; 95% CI:2.33–191.41) and have fewer teeth extracted (OR = 0.53 3+ teeth extracted; 95% CI:0.31–0.88, reference:1 tooth extracted). Late complication cases (n = 67) were more likely to have a bipolar diagnosis (OR = 2.98; 95% CI:1.04–8.57), history of implant placement (OR = 8.27; 95% CI:1.63–41.82), and history of past smoking (OR = 2.23; 95% CI:1.28–3.88).ConclusionPredictors for post‐extraction complications among patients who did not receive antibiotic prophylaxis were similar to prior work in cohorts who received prophylaxis. Unique factors identified in a medically complex population included being younger, Native American/Alaska Native, having mental health conditions, history of a dental implant, and fewer teeth extracted.

In a unique approach to microeconomic theory, this book constructs (and proposes solutions to) major problems in mathematical programming, the theory of consumer demand, the theory of production, and welfare economics. Readers can thereby derive for themselves many of the major results achieved in microeconomics. Introductory notes set the scene for each chapter, and the subsequent sets of problems and annotated reading lists guarantee the reader a thorough grounding in microeconomic theory.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a threat to global health and security inciting governments with the responsibility to respond with measures that ensure the health and safety of their communities. We assessed public attitudes towards governmental actions to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in the G7 countries. Data were collected during 19th–21st March 2020, from 7005 Kantar's online panelists aged >16 years across the G7 countries: Canada, France, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United States. Data were post-stratified and weighted to match population distributions of the respective countries. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted. Amongst the G7, Japan had the lowest level of approval of governmental response to the pandemic, rating governmental communication as good, and trusting governmental decisions (35.0%, 33.6%, and 38.0%, respectively), followed by the U.S. (52.9%, 64.6%, and 59.9%, respectively). Understanding of which measures one can personally take to help limit the spread of the coronavirus was significantly associated with approving governmental response (aOR = 2.88), rating government communication as good (aOR = 2.70) and trust in future governmental decisions (aOR = 2.73). Those who reported government/politicians and friends/family as their most trusted information source were more likely to report approval, higher rating, and/or trust toward governmental actions. Public attitudes towards governmental actions against COVID-19 varied substantially across the G7 countries and were associated with the understanding of measures and source of information that respondents most trusted. Timely and accurate communication is essential to enhance public engagement to control the COVID-19 pandemic.