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The regulatory activity of government is now pervasive, acting like a tax and pushing up costs. Public choice analysis shows that producer and other groups try to capture regulatory control to minimise its impact. Deregulatory trends in the US have been accompanied by the growth of environmental and health and safety regulation both in the US and in the UK and Europe.

This report is categorized into five categories: (I) FDA Enforcement Authority, (II) Injunctions, (III) Seizure, (IV) Criminal Prosecution and (V) Related Legislation in the 114th Congress.

The paper addresses some pressing national security and public safety issues in various jurisdictions, including Ukraine. The correlation between two main concepts is emphasized. It is shown that in the modern world risks related to national security and, therefore, also to public security are significant. The approaches to defining the two main components of the state are illustrated and the main elements are pointed out. It is emphasized that today security is one of the key values (rights) for any person and citizen and is generally prescribed in national Constitutions. The provisions of the draft Public Security and Civil Defense Strategy of Ukraine (2021), related to national security and public safety, have been discussed. Finally, the main threats to the security of the community and individual citizens have been outlined and the means to overcome them have been elaborated. In the conclusions, it has been established that the formulation of a security and defense sector perspective model for central executive authorities presents a number of opportunities as well as challenges. Moreover, it is difficult to give a clear and all-encompassing legal definition of the concept of "public security".

Intro -- FOOD ISSUES, POLICIES, AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS VOLUME 5 -- FOOD ISSUES, POLICIES, AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS VOLUME 5 -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 LEGAL ISSUES WITH FEDERAL LABELING OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED FOOD: IN BRIEF -- Summary -- Genetically Engineered Foods -- Labeling Requirements Impacting GE Foods -- The Federal Food, Drug, & -- Cosmetic Act -- "Natural" Labels -- FDA Policy -- State Laws -- Litigation & -- Labeling of GE Foods -- Primary Jurisdiction Doctrine -- Application of the Primary Jurisdiction Doctrine to GE Food Labeling Claims -- Legislation in the 114th Congress -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 REVISION OF THE NUTRITION FACTS LABEL: PROPOSED RULES -- Summary -- Introduction -- Background on Nutrient Intake and Dietary Guidance -- FDA Authority to Regulate Nutrition Labeling -- Proposed Rules -- Selected Aspects of Proposed Rule 137 -- Require Information About "Added Sugars" -- Remove "Calories from Fat" -- Require Declaration of Potassium and Vitamin D, Permit Vitamins A and C -- Update Reference Values for Certain Nutrients -- Reduce Sodium Limits -- Increase Dietary Fiber Recommendations -- Increase Potassium -- Establish New Definition for Vitamin K -- Increase Chloride -- Establish RDI for Choline -- Reduce Vitamin B12 -- Update Units of Measure Vitamins A, D, and E -- Folate and Folic Acid -- Update Labeling of Foods for Infants, Young Children, and Pregnant or Lactating Women -- Modifying the Categorization of Children Younger than Four Years of Age -- Mandatory Declaration of Calories and Required Nutrients -- Changes to Label Design -- Selected Aspects of Proposed Rule 2 -- Changes to the RACCs -- Changes to Single-Serving Sizes -- Use of Dual Column Labeling -- Compliance, Costs, and Considerations -- Compliance Timeframes -- Costs and Benefits -- Considerations -- End Notes.

The usefulness of crime statistics in assessing US public safety &/or victimization is evaluated. Factors affecting the "violence" or "seriousness" of crimes against persons or property are discussed, eg, actual vs attempted crimes & their outcomes, victims' direct financial loss, loss of work time, medical expenses, psychic harm, & perceptions of risk. The absence of cost-outcome heterogeneity from national crime statistics is noted, as is the lack of local specificity & the emphasis of certain crimes as violent (eg, robbery & murder) over others, eg, arson or consumer fraud, which are potentially more costly to communal public safety. Modified HA.

This book discusses several topics on food issues, policies, and safety. The topics include average food prices; genetically engineered salmon; food recalls and other FDA administrative enforcement actions; implementation of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act; and FDA's international food safety capacity-building plan

The Road Safety Authority has responsibility for co-ordinating the development of Ireland's Road Safety Strategy. The Government's road safety target of no more than 252 deaths per annum by the end of 2012 was achieved in 2009, when the number of road collision deaths in Ireland fell to 239. The reduction in the number of fatalities was achieved through robust actions in terms of education and awareness, road engineering, and enforcement, including significant legislative milestones. The challenge is now to ensure that the impact of these measures on collision levels is sustained and enhanced into the future through continuous education, enforcement and road engineering measures and initiatives. IPH welcomes the opportunity to respond to this consultation given the significant burden of injury, disability and mortality associated with road traffic collisions on the island of Ireland. IPH supports the development of evidence-based strategies and actions which can maintain a transport system, in which the safety of all road users is paramount.