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A Manager in Social Sciences. By Olivier Dumoulin. Fernand Braudel is most of the time admired for his style. But what if the essential part of his work were not inhis writings on history but in his enterprise as master builder ? O. Dumoulin shows the prominent role of thehistorian in the making of the historical French school a world famous institution.

The paper analyzed the dynamics of the emigration of the population of Serbia
in the period of 1971 to 2011, primarily based on the results of the five
latest population censuses. Special attention was paid to the spatial aspect
of emigration, at the level of the lowest administrative units
(municipalities). It was shown that the shares of persons working or living
aboard were very uneven by municipality, and that the differences became
increasingly pronounced over time. Very uneven shares of persons working or
living abroad in the total population of Serbia by municipality, as well as
the trend of increasing differences, also influenced the very heterogeneous
spatial distribution of that emigration contingent. Based on the
concentration of population abroad, as well as the percentage of persons
abroad in the total population (in the country and abroad), the paper defines
three "hot" zones of substantial emigration. Zone 1 (in the central-eastern
Serbia) is traditionally a high emigration area, which, for all three
observed points in time (1991, 2002 and 2011), had at least twice as high a
share of population abroad as the average for Serbia. Zone 2 (in the south of
Serbia) consists of the municipalities of Bujanovac and Presevo, where the
majority of the population consists of ethnic Albanians. The shares of
population abroad was already in 1981 and 1991 noticeably higher than the
average for Serbia, but also significantly lower than in Zone 1. Between 1991
and 2002, the number of emigrants from that zone was more than tripled, and
their share in the total population of emigration Zone 2 increased from 6.1%
to 23.1% in 2011. Zone 3 (five municipalities from the Serbian part of the
region of Sandzak) did not join the group of notably emigration areas until
the 1990s. Between 1991 and 2002, the number of persons abroad increased by
up to six times, and their share in the total population of those five
Sandzak municipalities increased from 2.3% to 12.6%. In this paper, all three
zones were analyzed, as well as the structures of emigrants based on the
length of their stay abroad, the country of destination and ethnic
composition. For all three zones, it is notable that the countries of
destination do not differ significantly in terms of length of stay abroad,
based on which the authors conclude that new emigrants primarily go to places
that already have formed migrant networks. In all three zones, the share of
ethnic Serbs in the total population of the country is greater than their
share in the total number of emigrants. Additionally, census data indicated
that members of the local major ethnic group in Zones 2 and 3 participated
significantly more often in international migration than "local" ethnic
Serbs. In connection to this, the authors stress the importance of the
political aspect of this issue, especially in the period of crises and wars
during the 1990s.

The dominant emphasis in present social science has been description, explanation, & prediction. This emphasis, & the associated exclusion of normative theory, has been criticized as amounting to tacit support for existing institutions. An alternative role for social science is the deduction of alternative possible social orders from existing tensions & problems, which can then be empirically tested. A variety of utopian & radical sources are reviewed. One possible new social order is specified. Crucial to this order is a scale permitting face-to-face contacts & participatory democracy, within a framework of commitment to the satisfaction of human needs. This model should not be taken as a rigid prescription, but as a starting point for further discussion. Modified HA.

Suggests that the function of UNESCO in the social sciences is to unite the social scientists of all countries in a concerted attack upon the crucial question of the age - how the peoples of the world can learn to live together in peace. (Quotes from original text)

As a response to Gopal Guru and Sundar Sarukkai's book The Cracked Mirror, Sanil's essay explores the relation between ethics and the social sciences. The essay engages the work of Kant, Aristotle, Martin Heidegger, and Michel Foucault, among others, to make its argument. The Cracked Mirror, Sanil claims, makes a strong plea to take Indian philosophy and theory seriously, and it comes closest to an ethics of theory when it asserts that the task of theory is not merely to explain or interpret but to intensify experience.

In a previous article I sought to appraise the field of Turkish studies, for the most part among western (predominantly American) scholars (MESA Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 3, October 15, 1969). To fill out the picture, it is appropriate to also view the state of social research among the rapidly growing body of Turkish teachers and researchers. This article is not, however, a direct parallel to others in the MESA "State of the Art" series, in that it is not basically bibliographical. Such a review would require far more time, space, and knowledge in depth of several other social science disciplines than is currently available to me, because despite the remarks made below about problems of definition, the quantity and technical sophistication of work by Turkish researchers is quite large and is growing rapidly. Furthermore, since most of the research referred to below is in Turkish, the number of persons to whom a bibliographic review might be useful is quite limited. Instead, I think it would be more interesting to MESA members and other American social scientists to examine the characteristics and problems of what is probably one of the most vigorous social science communities in the "developing" countries, with a view (among other things) to helping facilitate increased cooperation between Turkish and American scholars in our common endeavors of advancing the state of knowledge.

International audience ; This article considers the conflicts linking the social question to the social sciences in Germany around 1900 through the analysis of the student associations for social sciences (Sozialwissenschaftliche Studentenvereine). Students did not seek an introduction to social sciences as academic scientific disciplines in particular, which remained loosely autonomous and suffered from heterogeneous definitions and uses. Much more, students looked for a scientific legitimacy for the resolution of the social question, a task that had to be tackled by the elite they felt destined to join. For a large part of university and political authorities, this interest for the social question could only mean socialism. Therefore, they repressed these associations, especially in Prussia, despite their certain attractivity. The history of these associations allows to understand the attempts to redefine the social role of elites as well as the institutionalisation of the social sciences, which turn out to be closely linked. ; Cet article revient sur les conflits qui lient question sociale et sciences sociales en Allemagne autour de 1900, en mettant au cœur de l'analyse les associations étudiantes de sciences sociales (Sozialwissenschaftliche Studentenvereine). Ce ne sont pas tant les sciences sociales en tant que disciplines universitaires, faiblement autonomisées et aux définitions et usages encore hétérogènes, qui sont recherchées par les étudiants, qu'un cadre et une légitimité scientifiques au règlement de la question sociale, tâche à laquelle doit s'atteler l'élite qu'ils s'estiment destinés à rejoindre. Pour une large partie des autorités universitaires et politiques, cet investissement de la question sociale ne peut qu'être synonyme de socialisme et elles se sont attachées, surtout en Prusse, à réprimer ces associations, malgré leur certaine attractivité. Ces associations rendent en cela visibles les tentatives de redéfinition du rôle social des élites et l'institutionnalisation universitaire des sciences sociales, qui s'avèrent être étroitement liées.