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"M-203 N." ; Shipping list no.: 2001-0153-P. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The Hong Kong experience of emigration and immigration does not fit neatly into models of migration transition. As a city-state with a small rural population, it has exhibited different developmental characteristics from the larger Asian newly industrialized economies. Geopolitical factors have also played a key role in "patterns" of migration, such as restrictive immigration policies in receiving countries. Also significant are individual considerations of political and economic risk, as evidenced by the current rise in the emigration of skilled and professional workers prior to the return of Hong Kong to China. The author concludes that, rather than a simple turning point in labor migration, there may be multiple turning points in a complex sequence of change.

In this inter disciplinary study, a distinguished group of demographers, historians, and political scientists assess the relationship between immigration and foreign policy in the United States. First re-examining the consequences of the 19th-century and inter-war migrations, the authors then explore the origins of US refugee policy and refugee mig

Although immigration policy has traditionally been considered a realm of exclusive central government authority, recent trends evidence a greater role for federal units in the area. Summarises and evaluates those trends as they relate to immigrant rights, immigration enforcement and immigration benefits under three basic models of federal governance: central government hegemony, cooperating federalism, and devolutionary federalism. Concludes that affording increased discretion to subnational authorities over immigrant and immigration policy will ultimately work to the net benefit of immigrants, and that even while complete devolution remains impracticable cooperative federalism has emerged a desirable approach in the area. (Original abstract - amended)

On the climax of the so-called 'refugee crisis' in the fall of 2015 Germany, there was a competing situation of 'welcome culture' and crisis fear. Security policy and emergency response in refugee affairs enforced right-wing movements to understand these policies as a success of their own agitation and public pressure. The catchword 'fighting the causes of flight' has become a hollow phrase, evoking the 'shame of Evian.' The international conference in Evian in 1938 discussed how to facilitate the acceptance of persecuted Jews fleeing Nazi Germany. The result of the Evian conference can be interpreted as follows: In reality, international negotiations about the protection of Jews deal with the question: "How can we protect ourselves against them?" However, the present 'refugee crisis' is a manifestation of a worldwide crisis driving or luring refugees and subsistence migrants to the strongly controlled and armed gates of 'Fortress Europe.' Therefore, simple defense strategies do not offer any solution. Global system problems have to be answered by economical, ecological, and societal answers of global scope.