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AbstractKarl Polanyi is principally known as an economic historian and a theorist of international political economy. His theses are commonly encountered in debates concerning globalisation, regionalism, regulation and deregulation, and neoliberalism. But the standard depiction of his ideas is based upon a highly restricted corpus of his work: essentially, his published writings, in English, from the 1940s and 1950s. Drawing upon a broader range of Polanyi's work in Hungarian, German, and English, this article examines his less well-known analyses of international politics and world order. It sketches the main lineaments of Polanyi's international thought from the 1910s until the mid-1940s, charting his evolution from Wilsonian liberal, via debates within British pacifism, towards a position close to E. H. Carr's realism. It reconstructs the dialectic of universalism and regionalism in Polanyi's prospectus for postwar international order, with a focus upon his theory of 'tame empires' and its extension by neo-Polanyian theorists of the 'new regionalism' and European integration. It explores the tensions and contradictions in Polanyi's analysis, and, finally, it hypothesises that the failure of his postwar predictions provides a clue as to why his research on international relations dried up in the 1950s.

Im Mai 2006 einigten sich Vertreter der elf Aufsichtsländer darauf, die Ressourcen des Internationalen Suchdienstes (ISD) des Internationalen Roten Kreuzes in Arolsen für die historische Forschung zu öffnen. Bis zum Oktober 2006 unterzeichneten die einzelnen Regierungen das entsprechende Protokoll. Die Ratifizierung durch die beteiligten Staaten zog sich allerdings noch bis November 2007 hin. Für den Präsidenten des Internationalen Komitees vom Roten Kreuz, Jakob Kellenberger, nahm damit "ein langer und schwieriger Prozess" sein Ende. Nach jahrzehntelanger Kritik an der Abschottung scheinen die Tore des Suchdienstarchivs nun endlich aufgestoßen zu werden.

International audience ; A European scale for international justice ? What would a European scale for international (criminal) justice be? The relevance of this question is far from obvious, since anglo-saxon research ignores it as much as research on the European Union overestimates it. According to the latter, this scale would take on significance through a policy of conditionality that leads to a progress toward Europe and its ideals, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) being a stepping stone in this process. However this conception covers up the divisions, conflicts and paradoxes that permeate the reception of this justice and internal tensions. The very idea of a European scale of justice is analyzed through the reception of the ICTY in Bosnia-Herzegovina. ; Que serait une échelle européenne de la justice (pénale) internationale ? Sa pertinence ne va pas de soi, les recherches anglo-saxonnes l'ignorant aussi exagérément que celles sur l'Union européenne la surestiment. Selon ce second point de vue, cette échelle vaudrait principalement par une politique de conditionnalité permettant un progrès vers l'Europe et ses idéaux dont le Tribunal pénal international pour l'ex-Yougoslavie (TPIY) serait le marchepied. Cette représentation cache toutefois les divisions, les conflits et les paradoxes qui traversent la réception de cette justice et ses tensions internes : l'idée même de cette échelle européenne est ici analysée à partir de la réception du TPIY en Bosnie-Herzégovine.

International audience ; A European scale for international justice ? What would a European scale for international (criminal) justice be? The relevance of this question is far from obvious, since anglo-saxon research ignores it as much as research on the European Union overestimates it. According to the latter, this scale would take on significance through a policy of conditionality that leads to a progress toward Europe and its ideals, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) being a stepping stone in this process. However this conception covers up the divisions, conflicts and paradoxes that permeate the reception of this justice and internal tensions. The very idea of a European scale of justice is analyzed through the reception of the ICTY in Bosnia-Herzegovina. ; Que serait une échelle européenne de la justice (pénale) internationale ? Sa pertinence ne va pas de soi, les recherches anglo-saxonnes l'ignorant aussi exagérément que celles sur l'Union européenne la surestiment. Selon ce second point de vue, cette échelle vaudrait principalement par une politique de conditionnalité permettant un progrès vers l'Europe et ses idéaux dont le Tribunal pénal international pour l'ex-Yougoslavie (TPIY) serait le marchepied. Cette représentation cache toutefois les divisions, les conflits et les paradoxes qui traversent la réception de cette justice et ses tensions internes : l'idée même de cette échelle européenne est ici analysée à partir de la réception du TPIY en Bosnie-Herzégovine.

International audience ; A European scale for international justice ? What would a European scale for international (criminal) justice be? The relevance of this question is far from obvious, since anglo-saxon research ignores it as much as research on the European Union overestimates it. According to the latter, this scale would take on significance through a policy of conditionality that leads to a progress toward Europe and its ideals, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) being a stepping stone in this process. However this conception covers up the divisions, conflicts and paradoxes that permeate the reception of this justice and internal tensions. The very idea of a European scale of justice is analyzed through the reception of the ICTY in Bosnia-Herzegovina. ; Que serait une échelle européenne de la justice (pénale) internationale ? Sa pertinence ne va pas de soi, les recherches anglo-saxonnes l'ignorant aussi exagérément que celles sur l'Union européenne la surestiment. Selon ce second point de vue, cette échelle vaudrait principalement par une politique de conditionnalité permettant un progrès vers l'Europe et ses idéaux dont le Tribunal pénal international pour l'ex-Yougoslavie (TPIY) serait le marchepied. Cette représentation cache toutefois les divisions, les conflits et les paradoxes qui traversent la réception de cette justice et ses tensions internes : l'idée même de cette échelle européenne est ici analysée à partir de la réception du TPIY en Bosnie-Herzégovine.

International Relations scholars have long neglected the question of leadership in international organizations. The structural turn in International Relations led to an aversion to analysing or theorizing the impact of individuals. Yet, empirical studies suggest that different leaders affect the extent to which international organizations facilitate cooperation among states and/or the capacity of a global agency to deliver public goods. It is difficult to study how and under what conditions leaders have an impact due to the challenges of attributing outcomes to a particular leader and great variation in their powers and operating context. We offer a starting point for overcoming these challenges. We identify three different types of constraints that executive heads face: legal-political, resource and bureaucratic. We argue that leaders can navigate and push back on each of these constraints and provide illustrations of this, drawing on existing literature and interviews with executive heads and senior management of international organizations. Executive heads of international organizations may operate in a constrained environment but this should not stop scholars from studying their impact.

Legitimacy has become a central concern in international law. This article analyses an important aspect of the concept, namely the often-presumed link between legitimacy and the stability of institutions and norms. The explanatory role of legitimacy hinges on the descriptive elements attributed to legitimacy because, only by fixing those elements, a causal link can be established. The article contends that due to its conceptual features legitimacy cannot be circumscribed descriptively, making the tracing of its relationship to the stability of institutions and norms in the international legal order an intractable task. The article suggests that international lawyers should embrace the open-ended nature of legitimacy and focus on its dynamic dimension: legitimation. Legitimacy is treated as a rhetorical tool whereby actors try to pursue certain courses of action. The importance of legitimacy then lies in its employment for the shaping of perceptions with regard to how institutions ought to be.

Cette édition du Journal international de recherche syndicale (JIRS) porte sur une question centrale, voire essentielle, pour le mouvement syndical, qui est celle des salaires et de leur évolution ces trente dernières années.

The Jewish Origins of Israel Democracy -- Israel's regime conflicting classifications -- B'Tselem: Historical performance in a protracted Palestinian-Israeli conflict -- Protest Movements and Democracy in Israel -- Local Politics in Israel -- Israel and Peace Negotiations -- Israel and Four Mothers Movement: Leaving Lebanon in Peace -- Religious Debates in Israel -- Golda Meir and the Evolution of Israel's Democracy -- Revisionist Zionism in Israel -- Haredi Parties and Israeli Democracy -- The Rise and Decline of the National Religious Party (NRP) in Israeli Politics -- Plurality and Containment in Israel -- The place for Democracy in Israel's Foreign Policy -- Women in the Military in Israel -- Defense Minister of Israel: Yitzhak Rabin .

This volume is a collection of seventeen essays, offering in-depth and comparative studies of areas faced with environmental crisis. Arranged in five sections that include practical and philosophical problems; Latin America; Europe; Asia and Africa. With focus on the problems faced in the Sahara Desert, the Amazon, the Punjab and a comparative study of Ethiopia and Nigeria; highlighting the seriousness of certain environmental trends and the action of governments.