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Three world telecommunications conferences, called by the United States, were held throughout the spring and summer of 1947 to deal with urgent problems resulting from dislocations of war and recent advances in the several fields covered by the International Telecommunications Union. At a preliminary Telecommunications Conference, held at Moscow in September, 1946, representatives of China, France, the United Kingdom, USSR, and the United States had decided that existing telecommunications conventions and regulations required revision to meet present needs; for this purpose the conferences were called.

"Dieses Papier untersucht den institutionellen Wandel des internationalen Steuerregimes
in Reaktion auf eine zunehmende Politisierung internationaler Steuerangelegenheiten.
Gesellschaftliche Politisierung, die im Bereich der internationalen Besteuerung
ein sehr junges Phänomen ist, hat ihre Ursache in einer Governancelücke. Das traditionelle
institutionelle Arrangement zur Vermeidung von internationaler Doppelbesteuerung
hat nicht-intendierte Nebenfolgen in der Form von schädlichem und unfairem
Steuerwettbewerb. Als Reaktion auf dieses Problem haben zivilgesellschaftliche
Akteure den Mangel an Effektivität und Fairness skandalisiert. Sie versuchen nationale
Regierungen und internationale Organisationen zu mehr internationaler Regulierung
des Steuerwettbewerbs anzutreiben. Anders als in Teilen der Literatur angenommen
wird, ist die gesellschaftliche Politisierung nicht das Resultat eines Zuwachses an
politischem Einfluss von nicht ausreichend legitimierten internationalen Institutionen,
sondern sie thematisiert im Gegenteil den Mangel an effektiven internationalen
Institutionen. Die zivilgesellschaftlichen Forderungen haben bisher nicht zu institutionellen
Reformen geführt. Stattdessen lässt sich lediglich indirekter und inkrementeller
Wandel beobachten, der nicht ausreichend ist, um das Problem schädlichen Steuerwettbewerbs
zu lösen." (Autorenreferat)

Edited by Abe Ata and Alex Kostogriz The internationalisation of higher education in the 20th century, built on an unprecedented expansion of transport and communication networks and the scope of international scholarly activities, triggered a massive flow of people across countries and continents. Geographically remote countries, such as Australia, became more attractive and accessible to migrants from Europe. Today, international education in Australia is under enormous pressure to reinvent itself. This book offers a collection of chapters that cover various dimensions of international education in Australia. The issues covered span from political and student identity concerns to the pedagogical and curriculum dimensions of international education and to the areas of language acquisition and language assessment. Each chapter formulates implications for the education of international students as Australia enters a new phase of hyperglobalism and completion with the rise of global cities and educational hubs that they provide beyond the traditional Western providers of higher education. Coming from diverse backgrounds and regions, the authors offer insights into significant developments in international education as they address crucial questions faced by educators in Australia and compare them with North America and Europe in comprehensive and critical ways. This includes shifts in methodological approaches in education and policy research, as well as other issues arising from comparative research, such as improving educational quality and responsiveness of education to the needs of international students. Several chapters address more specific problems of providing equality, access, and equity for all students, narrowing the achievement gap, and the ways of offering education that is free from prejudice and discrimination on the grounds of race, ethnicity, gender, social class and religion.

"Dans un monde surpris par l'ubiquité de ses acteurs économiques et la fluidité des échanges, le droit international privé est un excellent réflecteur des transformations de la société. Au coeur même des controverses sur le rôle de la norme juridique et l'accès au juge, cette discipline analyse, depuis les temps les plus reculés, "le phénomène de la frontière" et coordonne la diversité des lois et des juges. Ce manuel s'adresse aux étudiants, mais aussi aux praticiens de plus en plus confrontés aux difficultés très concrètes de l'internationalisation du contentieux. Il intègre tous les instruments du droit international privé de l'Union européenne (y compris le règlement Bruxelles II bis refondu), les évolutions liées à l'essor des droits fondamentaux, les dernières réformes sur le droit des étrangers (loi du 10 septembre 2018) et les impacts dans les relations privées internationales de la consécration en droit français du divorce extrajudiciaire par consentement mutuel. En conformité avec les programmes universitaires et ceux de l'examen d'entrée au CRFPA et du concours de l'ENM, sont exposés : un chapitre préliminaire, "Premiers repères", qui a été conçu comme une présentation concise mais complète des règles applicables aux principales questions (les personnes, les biens, les obligations, les rapports de famille patrimoniaux) ; une première partie sur les relations privées internationales (conflits de lois) ; une deuxième partie sur le procès civil international (conflits de juridictions) ; une troisième partie sur les sujets des relations privées internationales (nationalité et condition des étrangers)".

In accordance with the request of the United Nations Economic and Social Council, the International Monetary Fund submitted to the Council's thirteenth session, a study on the capacity of underdeveloped countries to service investments of foreign capital. With compensatory financing eliminated from its consideration, the remainder of the country's international receipts appeared to furnish a reasonable total with which to compare its foreign debt service. Such a total would include the goods and services the country was able to sell abroad, the foreign capital that it was able to attract by its investment opportunities and the donations that it received for particular purposes other than compensatory financing. This total would be subject to wide fluctuations. Markets for the raw materials exported by underdeveloped countries were notoriously subject to sudden shifts in demand which could drastically affect both volume and price. Again the capital flow to underdeveloped countries could be suddenly interrupted if the markets for their raw material exports turned weak or if they pursued unstable or confiscatory policies at home. The dangers to an underdeveloped country's balance of payments position arose from the wide fluctuations in the value of raw material exports and inflow of capital that might occur almost overnight. It was these that raised questions of how quickly and how far imports of goods and services could be contracted in order to permit the service of the foreign debt to continue to be paid in full.