pt. 1. Frameworks for peace --. - pt. 2. Peacekeepers, the security sector, and natural resources --. - pt. 3. Good governance --. - pt. 4. Local institutions and marginalized populations --. - pt. 5. Transitional justice and accountability --. - pt. 6. Confidence building --. - pt. 7. Integration of natural resources into other post-conflict priorities --. - pt. 8. Lessons learned
Abstract Tax matters figured prominently in the Brexit debate. Current signs are, however, that the UK government is not planning the creation of a post-Brexit 'Singapore on Thames' as some had predicted. In fact, we are seeing increases to the main corporation tax rate in response to broader international tax developments and the fiscal upheaval caused by the pandemic. Prior to Brexit, the UK already enjoyed considerable freedom in respect of direct taxes including income tax and corporation tax, but less so for VAT; it has more freedom to change the VAT now, if desired, and has already introduced some relatively small amendments to reflect the new state of play. At this point, the government has exercised its new-found freedoms on tax in quite limited ways—most notably in creating freeports which will benefit from special advantageous customs and tax rules, refocusing R&D tax relief towards activity conducted in the UK, making relatively minor changes to tonnage tax, alcohol duties, and air passenger duty, and removing some narrow EU-focused corporation tax measures. However, these new-found tax freedoms come with new-found restrictions, costs, and challenges for both taxpayers and the UK government. There are significant changes on the tax administration front, which generally complicates matters for HMRC as it will have to rely on less extensive and less convenient treaty and OECD avenues of cooperation. On VAT, teething issues as well as longer-term complications have arisen post-Brexit for businesses and consumers. Provisions remain to control the extent of fiscal state aid, albeit in a less restrictive way under the new subsidy control mechanism in the UK/EU Trade and Co-operation Agreement. The strong overall message is that financial and international pressures and constraints are more important to the direction of tax policy than the fact that the UK has left the EU.
Commonwealth and Independence in Post-Soviet Eurasia (1998) examines the various attempts to create new forms of integration by the new states of Eurasia. The contributors to this volume analyse in detail how the national elites in the independent states conceived their regional policies. It looks in particular at the Russian-led Commonwealth of Independent States, feared by many of the newly-independent nations as being the Soviet Union Mark II.
AbstractSteve Fuller has replied to my critique of his endorsement of a post-truth epistemology. I trace the divergence in our approach to social epistemology by examining our distinct responses to the principle of symmetry in the sociology of scientific knowledge. Fuller has extended the concept of symmetry and challenged the field to embrace a post-truth condition that flattens the difference between experts and the public. By contrast, I have criticized the concept of symmetry for policing the field to rule ideology critique out of court. I argue that a focus on post-truth populism obscures the role of counter-elites and ideologies that restrict political choice. A better way to promote democracy would be to support minority positions within science that promise to open up suppressed political possibilities and to seek the coordinated use of different disciplines to address significant public problems.
Part 1: Central Europe -- 1 Catholic Church, Stasi, and Post-Communism in Germany -- 2 Lustration and the Roman Catholic Church in Poland -- 3 Religion and Transitional Justice in the Czech Republic -- 4 Slovakian Catholics and Lutherans Facing the Communist Past -- Part 2: The Balkans -- 5 The Romanian Orthodox Church Rewriting Its History -- 6 Bulgaria: Revealed Secret, Unreckoned Past -- 7 Transitional-Unconditional Justice? The Case of the Catholic Church of Albania -- Part 3: The Baltic Republics -- 8 Comfortably Numb: The Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church during and after the Soviet Era -- 9 The Lutheran and Roman Catholic Churches in Latvia -- 10 The Roman Catholic Church in Lithuania and Its Soviet Past -- Part 4: Former Soviet Republics in Europe -- 11 The Russian Orthodox Church and Its Communist Past -- 12 Restorative Justice and Orthodox Church in Belarus -- Conclusion.
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