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Abstract
The article examines the extent to which concessionary rights are protected under three different branches of international law; traditional customary law, the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, and arbitral practice under investment treaties. It reveals clear similarities with respect to when such rights are considered protected. However, it simultaneously argues that case law under investment treaties tends to adopt a less nuanced approach to the nature of such rights, almost invariably assuming them to constitute a kind of property. This again entails that the investor/concessionaire is seen to have a right to performance, and in effect to protection of his expectation interest. The article shows how this stands in contrast with a more nuanced perspective under the property provision of the echr, which better reflects the complexities of the issue under municipal law. While a failure to sufficiently respect an investor's legitimate expectations may entail liability for the state, it is not necessarily comparable to expropriation of property and will usually entail only that the investor has a right to recover his reliance loss. The article argues that this may be reflective of a more general tendency in international investment law and arbitration also pointed to by others, where the modality of protection under investment treaties threatens to distort important nuances and concerns and overprotect foreign investment compared to other private rights and interests under municipal law.

Intro -- INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY -- INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 CLIMATE CHANGE TRENDS AND GOVERNANCE: HISTORY, CONTRADICTIONS AND PROSPECTS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. HISTORY OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND POLICY -- 2. POLITICAL ECONOMY CONTRADICTIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE -- 3. POLICY PLANS AND PRIORITIES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 GOVERNANCE, FISCAL POLICY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GOVERNANCE -- 3. GOVERNANCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH -- 4. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF THE LARGEST 100 NON-FINANCIAL MULTINATIONALS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. METHODOLOGY -- 3. RESULTS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 EFFECTS OF THE TRANSVERSAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE MEXICAN ECONOMY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THEORY DEVELOPMENT -- 3. METHODOLOGY -- 4. RESULTS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- ANNEX I -- Chapter 5 FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION AND PERIPHERAL STRATEGIES: RECENT EXPERIENCES IN LATIN AMERICA AND LESSONS FROM ASIA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO THE FINANCIAL WORLD SINCE BRETTON WOODS? -- 3. PERIPHERAL STRATEGIES IN THE FACE OF FINANCIAL INSTABILITY -- 4. TOWARDS THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS -- 5. FINAL REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 FINANCIAL AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT IN TURKEY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. TURKISH ECONOMIC BACKGROUND -- 3. FINANCIAL LIBERALISATION AND ITS IMPACT ON GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION -- 4. LIBERALIZATION PROGRAMMES AND THEIR IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION -- 4.1. Test of Financial and Trade Liberalization on Real GDP Growth Rate -- 4.2. Test of Financial and Trade Liberalization on Gross Fixed Capital Formation Share of GDP.

Auf der Grundlage seiner Arbeiten zum tschechisch-deutschen Konflikt stellt der Autor Thesen auf, wie die deutsch-österreichische Parteiführung der Sozialdemokraten mit dem Nationalitätenkonflikt innerhalb der Arbeiterbewegung umgegangen ist und welche Rolle diese Politik für die in der multinationalen Arbeiterbewegung Österreichs wirkenden zentrifugalen Tendenzen hatte. Es wurde zur Diskussion gestellt, daß die deutschen Parteiführer in Österreich in viel höherem Ausmaß von der Überlegenheit der deutschen Kultur und der deutschen Nation überzeugt waren, als vielfach angenommen: diese aus der deutschnationalen Tradition kommende Grundhaltung hat stets die Verhältnisse in der österreichischen Arbeiterbewegung geprägt; die 15 Jahre relativer Einheit wurden darauf zurückgeführt, daß die nichtdeutschen Sozialdemokraten zu schwach waren, die Vorherrschaft der Deutschen in Frage zu stellen. Des weiteren wurden die politischen Auseinandersetzungen zwischen den Parteiführungen von Wien und Prag thematisiert bis zum Augenblick der offenen Krise, als die nationalistischen und zentrifugalen Kräfte stärker wurden als der Gedanke der internationalen Solidarität. Damit wurde die Sozialdemokratie gerade in bezug zu den Nationalitätenkonflikten immer mehr von einem die herrschenden Verhältnisse transzendierenden Subjekt zu einem Objekt der gesellschaftlichen und politischen Krise, an der das Habsburgerreich zerbrach. (HRS)

Rationalist models have faced four persistent sets of critics as the research program of international relations has evolved. Under neorealism's structural constraints of international competition and selection, agents' rationality may appear superfluous. Psychological critics have presented neither a single theoretical alternative to rational choice nor contingent hypotheses that specify when psychological distortions of rational decision making are most likely. Both rational choice and psychological approaches must construct models of action for social entities that aggregate individuals. The rationality and individualism of beliefs is questioned by theorists who stress culture, identity, and norms as independent sources of action. Careful stipulation of scope, acknowledgment of methodological shortcomings, and precise definition of differences can serve to bridge the theoretical divide between rational choice models and their critics. Problem-centered research provides a level playing field on which theoretical competition can be established.

Der 2013 ausgehandelte Waffenhandelsvertrag weist eine ganze Reihe von Schwachstellen auf, seine unmittelbare Wirkung auf den internationalen Waffenhandel dürfte zunächst eher begrenzt sein. Dennoch ist er ein wichtiger Schritt zur Regulierung des Waffenhandels auf völkerrechtlicher Grundlage. (APuZ)

Appreciation of the dynamic political conditions abroad, along with their impact on international business, has intensified interest in political risks assessment. Consequently, a plethora of political risk assessment techniques and models have been developed. Provides a critical survey of their various approaches.