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This policy brief examines actions for a just transition of local job markets in developing countries. We identify building blocks for shifting from carbon-intensive towards green jobs in this transition. Green jobs in cities are key to ensure a just transition of local employment markets, both formal and informal, and make cities function more sustainably. They are part of a wider inclusive green economy aiming at carbon-neutrality and resource efficiency with a focus on human well-being and social equity while paying special attention to local nature-based solutions. The transition will create winners and losers. Both need to be managed if the process and outcomes are to be just.

Evaluates ethics of requiring democratic or other forms of government as a condition of aid.

Agricultural commodities remain the primary source of exports for both developing and developed countries. However, inequity in competitiveness has emerged as a key concern as a result of discrepancies in economies of scale, efficiency, and government protection. The purpose of this study is to assess the competitiveness of main agricultural commodities in a number of developing countries. A semi-systematic review of the literature was employed as an analytical technique. The study's data was gathered from earlier research. The findings suggest that food crop commodities in poor nations have a low level of competitiveness. This is owing to the fact that the agricultural labor force in developing countries is largely comprised of unskilled employees, particularly women who are underpaid. In developing countries, four factors may have an impact on the competitiveness of food crop agricultural commodities. Availability of particular plant resources, technology, external and domestic demand, and domestic commodity and export pricing are just a few of them.