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I. In the field of international law every subject generally acts in person, through its own organs, without resorting to cooperation with other subjects. However, international practice shows that members of the community of nations sometimes act on behalf of other members, with the legal effect that the transactions performed by the acting subject in the name and for the account of the other have for the latter the same legal consequences as if it had acted in person. This happens, for example, when a state, duly authorized, concludes through its own organs a treaty for another state: the latter is thus bound by the treaty exactly in the same way as if it had concluded the treaty itself, through its own organs. This legal phenomenon implies a split between the immediately acting international person and the person to whom the legal effects of these acts are imputed.

Who Owns the Preah Vihear Temple? A Cambodian Position -- Who Owns the Preah Vihear Temple? A Thai Position -- Combating Terrorism and the Use of Force against a State: A Relook at the Contemporary World Order -- Application of the Law of Self-Determination in a Postcolonial Context: A Guideline -- Scenarios of the China's ADIZs above the South China Sea -- Natural Disaster in Armed Conflict Area: The Implementation of the Doctrine of Responsibility to Protect in the ASEAN -- Regulating Ballistic Missile Usage for Ensuring Civil Aviation Safety: As a Matter of Urgency -- The Future of Informalism in the Economic Integration of ASEAN -- Rule of Law as a Framework within the ASEAN Community -- The Harmonization of Competition Laws towards the ASEAN Economic Integration -- The ASEAN Single Shipping Market: Towards a Regional Cabotage Regime -- Free Movement of Judgments in Cross-Border Money Laundering Crimes: A Legal Stance toward the ASEAN Legal Integration -- Vietnam's Position on the Sovereignty over the Paracels & the Spratlys: Its Maritime Claims -- The Philippine Claim to Bajo de Masinloc in the Context of the South China Sea Dispute -- Maritime Boundary Disputes between Indonesia and Malaysia in the Area of Ambalat Block: Some Optional Scenarios for Peaceful Settlement -- The Dispute between Malaysia and Indonesia over the ND6 and ND7 Sea Blocks: A Malaysian Perspective -- Legal Framework on the Marine Environment Protection of Straits used for International Navigation: Has It Been Effective in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore?.

As a mark of its deep gratitude to Mr. Hans Bachmann, who was recently nominated an honorary member, the ICRC has awarded him its silver medal. Mr. Bachmann was presented with the medal on 7 April 1976 at an informal meeting. In his address of thanks to his fellowmembers, he said:"When,early in 1942, Carl-J. Burchkardt agreed that I should join the International Committee as a novice—who had everything to learn— it proved to be a major blessing in my life ! The extraordinary personality of this exceptional man, the warmth of his heart, his sense of true proportions, his perspicacity in judging men and events—everything in him added up to make him a master who guides us through the whole course of our existence. His conception of the mission of the Red Cross— simple and effective provision of aid to those in distress—was in keeping with what he himself deeply felt. He placed the high competence he had acquired as a diplomat entirely at the service of a humanitarian task, and he believed that the art of diplomacy had to be performed with that same instinct with which natives found their way through virgin forests.

Intro -- Contents -- Series Foreword -- Introduction -- Note -- 1 Toward a Behavioral Theory of the Exchange Rate -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 A Behavioral Model -- 1.3 Stochastic Simulation of the Model -- 1.4 Sensitivity Analysis -- 1.5 Numerical Analysis of Deterministic Dynamics -- 1.6 Sensitivity Analysis of the Deterministic Model -- 1.7 Why Crashes Occur -- 1.8 Conclusions -- Appendix: Numerical Values of the Parameters Used in the Base Simulation -- Notes -- References -- 2 Cross-Country Exposures to the Swiss Franc -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 International Currency Exposures -- 2.3 Swiss Currency Exposures and Valuation Effects -- 2.4 Cross-Country Exposures to the Swiss Franc: Stylized Facts -- 2.5 Conclusions -- Appendix: Country List -- Data and Sources -- Notes -- References -- 3 On the Roles of Different Foreign Currencies in European Bank Lending -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Related Literature -- 3.3 Data and Stylized Facts -- 3.4 Econometric Analysis of Foreign Currency Lending -- 3.5 Conclusions -- Appendix: Data sources and definitions -- Notes -- References -- 4 Understanding Exchange Rate Exposure through Net Foreign Exchange Position Channel -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Literature Review -- 4.3 Data and Methodology -- 4.4 Results -- 4.5 Robustness -- 4.6 Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 5 Strategic Currency Choice in International Trade -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Conceptual Framework and the Literature -- 5.3 Data -- 5.4 Methodology -- 5.5 Results -- 5.6 Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 6 Probability of a Currency Crash and Postcrash Output Performance: Do Exchange Rate Regimes Matter? -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Methods of Identifying Currency Crashes and Measuring Output Performance -- 6.3 Causes and Effects of Currency Crises: A Synthesis of Theories in the Literature -- 6.4 Quantitative Analysis -- 6.5 Conclusions.

The Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) held its eighteenth annual meeting in Washington, D.C., from September 30 through October 4, 1963, under the chairmanship of Mr. Emilio Colombo, Governor for Italy. Introducing the annual report, Mr. Pierre-Paul Schweitzer, the new Chairman of the Executive Board and Managing Director of the Fund, welcomed the governors of the twenty member countries which had joined the Fund since the last annual meeting: Algeria, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Leopoldville), Dahomey, Gabon, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, and Upper Volta. With the addition of these new members the Fund had a total membership of 102. Mr. Schweitzer commented that in the fiscal year ended in April 1963 eighteen countries had purchased the equivalent of $580 million from the Fund and the equivalent of $807 million had been received in repurchases. Both purchases and repurchases were less than in the previous fiscal year when the United Kingdom had made a very large drawing. The Fund had also made stand-by arrangements with twenty countries under which $1.8 billion was available, including the recently renewed stand-by arrangement of $1.0 billion with the United Kingdom and the $500 million stand-by arrangement with the United States.

A mission sent by the International Monetary Fund to India, at the request of that government, to study monetary and financial problems arising from the Indian government's five-year development plan, said that $400 million would be needed to complete the program, according to a report released on February 7, 1954. The report indicated that this financing might be sought internally as well as through foreign assistance. The mission regarded the program, which was estimated to call for a total investment of $7 billion, as "essential to the well-being of the people of India and … important to the survival of democracy in Asia". While grants-in-aid would have a better economic effect than borrowing to obtain the necessary foreign aid, the report noted, the Indian economy was sound and should be able to borrow abroad if need be. Among the special problems covered in the report was the unpredictability of an adequate food supply; the mission recommended that India conclude special arrangements with the United States, Canada and Australia for a supply of wheat to meet "any extraordinary future needs". In presenting the report to the Indian Parliament, the Indian government welcomed the Fund's study but made it clear that it was not committed to its recommendations.

The report of the Director-General on the work of the International Refugee Organization since July 1,1948 stated that by December 1948, IRO had received 1,000,000 applications for assistance. The main factors contributing to the high rate of intake were: 1) the large number of applications from persons who, employed in Germany and Austria, had not previously required IRO assistance, but who, as a result of widespread unemployment appearing immediately after the currency reforms, were unable to support themselves or their families; and 2) the influx of new refugees from eastern Europe. The administrative restriction upon the admission of new cases only on proof of hardship had been maintained. The figure for new admissions to care and maintenance had reached an average of 8,000 per month, including approximately 1,100 births. Despite a high rate of new admissions, the total number of refugees receiving care and maintenance, rather than simply help in resettlement or repatriation, had diminished at a rate of 10,000 or more per month. Of the major national or ethnic groups, the Jewish group had declined most rapidly, reflecting principally departures for Israel. In addition to those persons receiving care and maintenance, there were 191,232 refugees registered for IRO services. This brought to a total 715,091 persons receiving IRO assistance at the end of December 1948.

Intro -- Contents / Sommaire -- Articles -- The Canadian Yearbook and International Law in Canada after Twenty-five Years -- The Contribution of International Law to Development -- Sommaire -- Droit et souveraineté à l'aube du XXI[sup(e)] siècle -- Summary -- Fundamental Norms in Contemporary International Law -- Sommaire -- Is World Citizenship a Legal Practicality? -- Sommaire -- Contemporary Soviet General Theory of International Law: Reflections on the Tunkin Era -- Sommaire -- Aviation Terrorism and the International Civil Aviation Organization -- Sommaire -- La dimension culturelle dans le commerce international: quelques réflexions en marge de l'accord de libre-échange Canada/États- Unis du 2 Janvier 1988 -- Summary -- The Extradition of Canadian Citizens and Sections 1 and 6(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms -- Sommaire -- L'évolution des rapports entre le droit canadien et le droit international un demi-siècle après l'affaire des conventions internationales de travail -- Summary -- Notes and Comments / Notes et commentaires -- Canada's Sovereignty over the Newly Enclosed Arctic Waters -- Sommaire -- Accord de coopération dans l'Arctique entre le Canada et les États-Unis d'Amérique -- Summary -- The International Law Commission: Codification and Progressive Development after Forty Years -- Sommaire -- Unitary Taxation in the United States of America -- Sommaire -- The 1987 Elections to the International Court of justice -- In Memoriam -- Practice/La pratique: Canadian Practice in International Law/ La pratique canadienne en matière de droit international public -- At the Department of External Affairs in 1986-87/Au ministère des Affaires extérieures en 1986-87 -- Parliamentary Declarations in 1986/Déclarations parlementaires en 1986.