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The Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law organized a conference on international private law in China and Europe, which was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Hamburgische Wissenschaftliche Stiftung. It was initiated by China Law Unit research fellow PD Dr. Benjamin Pissler, M.A. (Sinology), hosted by Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Jürgen Basedow, LL.M. (Harvard), and took place at the Institute in Hamburg on 7 and 8 June 2013.New private international law (PIL) legislation enacted in the two Chinese jurisdictions – namely, mainland China and Taiwan – has adopted terminology and a structure that is oriented on continental European conceptions, often on German approaches. Moreover, the new legislation makes apparent the two jurisdictions' increasing integration into the global economy. This is particularly relevant for legal problems that arise in business activities and require PIL for their solution. The sale of goods and personal relationships find themselves woven together at an international level and issues that arise include: Which court has jurisdiction over a given dispute? Whose law is applicable? Are judgments and decisions reached before the courts of one country enforceable in another?[.] ; The Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law organized a conference on international private law in China and Europe, which was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Hamburgische Wissenschaftliche Stiftung. It was initiated by China Law Unit research fellow PD Dr. Benjamin Pissler, M.A. (Sinology), hosted by Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Jürgen Basedow, LL.M. (Harvard), and took place at the Institute in Hamburg on 7 and 8 June 2013.New private international law (PIL) legislation enacted in the two Chinese jurisdictions – namely, mainland China and Taiwan – has adopted terminology and a structure that is oriented on continental European conceptions, often on German approaches. Moreover, the new legislation makes apparent the two jurisdictions' increasing integration into the global economy. This is particularly relevant for legal problems that arise in business activities and require PIL for their solution. The sale of goods and personal relationships find themselves woven together at an international level and issues that arise include: Which court has jurisdiction over a given dispute? Whose law is applicable? Are judgments and decisions reached before the courts of one country enforceable in another?[.]

The purpose of the paper is to present a dialectical and materialist analysis of the nation- class struggle taking place in the Olympic Movement and the International Olympic Committee (I.O.C.) in particular. Benson's model of organizational and institutional change has been employed. The dialectical study of the ideology and structure of the I.O.C. elucidates possible limitations imposed upon the further development of the process of democratization in the Olympic Movement. Relations of power and control in the I.O.C. are examined in connection with the current selection system for the membership of the I.O.C. The conclusion is reached that it may be necessary to reform the I.O.C. ideology and structure in order to accommodate evolutionary progress. New criteria and standards are suggested for the selection of I.O.C. members.

Wahba Institute for Strategic Competition (WISC) Director Hon. Mark Kennedy, Wilson Center CEO Amb. Mark A. Green, and DFC Deputy CEO Hon. Nisha Biswal kick off WISC's 'Mobilizing Private Investment in International Infrastructure' event with their opening remarks and keynote address.

4. A Comparative Examination of SourcesChapter Four; 1. Legal Philosophy; 2. The Roots of the System; 3. The Inquisitorial Codes; 4. Interpretation by Judges; 5. Civil Law; 6. Islamic Inquisitorial System; 7. Defendant in Inquisitorial and Adversarial Proceedings; 8. Powers of the Judge; 8.1. Active Judge; 8.2. The Lay Judges; 8.3. The Islamic Assessors; 8.4. Positive Role of the Judge; 8.5. The Passive Role of Attorneys; 8.6. The Length of Trial; Chapter Five; 1. Roots of Adversarial Systems; 2. Common Law; 3. Jury or No Jury; 4. Leading Principles; 5. Criminal Cases; 6. Powers of the Judge

Most colleges and universities, seeking to recruit international students, use individual international recruiters as well as agents to enroll students worldwide.

This paper illustrates various applications of the BIS international banking statistics. We first compare international bank flows to measures of real activity and liquidity and show that the international banking system is becoming a more important conduit for the transfer of capital across countries. We then use network analysis tools to construct a bird's eye view of the structure of the international banking market and to identify key financial hubs. Linking this information with balance of payments statistics helps to better understand the role of banks in the financing of current account flows, for example the recycling of petrodollars and Asian surpluses. Finally, the paper illustrates how the BIS statistics can be used to analyse internationally active banks' foreign exposures to credit risk and, thus, spot vulnerabilities in the international banking market

This article examines the international aspect of China's information security policy. Due to the fact that the information sphere is becoming increasingly important in relations between states, the appeal to the policy of one of the leading international actors — the People's Republic of China — is in demand and relevant. China's experience in ensuring information security may be in demand in other countries, including the Russian Federation.Aim. The purpose of the article is to characterize the international aspect of China's information security policy and to reveal the specifics of China's interaction with other countries in this area.Tasks. To achieve this goal was conducted a review of key international documents ensuring the international information security of the People's Republic of China, as well as the country's domestic legislation in this area. Also the issue of confrontation between China and the United States in the information space was considered.Methods. The study employs the historical method to examine the development of China's information security system, document analysis to review China's domestic and international legislation in the field of information security, and comparative analysis to compare the approaches of different countries in the field of cybersecurity.Results. The conducted research highlights the following key outcomes: In the context of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), Сhina demonstrates a commitment to the joint development of international legal norms in the field of information security, as well as actively participates in the creation of cooperation agreements in this area, emphasizing the state's role as an advocate for a multipolar world in cyberspace. Within the framework of interactions with the BRICS countries, China aims to deepen cooperation in the field of information security through a series of initiatives and agreements aimed at developing common approaches and standards. This cooperation contributes to the creation of a unified protection system in the information sphere among the BRICS countries, strengthening their positions in the international information space. In relations with the United States of America, the interaction of China is characterized by competition and confrontation, especially in the context of cybersecurity. This includes differences in approaches to regulating the information space and cyber espionage. Nonetheless, existing contradictions and conflicts underscore the need for dialogue and cooperation to develop common international rules of behavior in cyberspace, which can contribute to ensuring international information security and stability.Conclusions. The international aspect of the China's information security policy reveals various forms of interaction with other countries, each with its unique features. These relationships form a multi-level system of international information security, in which the PRC plays a key role, aiming to create a balanced and secure information space.

Nontariff barriers to trade, & in particular standards, have considerably gained in importance in global trade policy over the past few years. This article explores to what extent the World Trade Organization (WTO) goes beyond negative, market-creating integration in its dealings with standards as a form of positive, market-correcting integration & what the consequences are. The WTO does not set its own standards but "imports" standards of other international bodies & treaties either through reference in its agreements or through its dispute settlement rulings. In this new form of networked governance, the WTO member states may generally apply their national product standards to imported goods, but not their regulations of process & production methods. This "double standard" is a corollary of the WTO's institutional structure & the conflicting interests of its member states, & it is likely to remain for the foreseeable future. 48 References. Adapted from the source document.