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This article provides functional and communicative characteristics of the messenger, which is considered as one of the genres of Internet communication. The functional features of the messenger, which provide unhindered speech communication in this virtual space, are listed. In addition, the main communicative functions that are relevant for various forms of mediated speech communication are named.

The internet discussions focused on the Russo-Georgian War of 7-12 August 2008 provide the insight into the mood of Russian public, including those ethnic Russians, who espouse nationalistic view. Some of them support the idea of Russian imperialism and punishing Georgia as the proxy of the USA. Still, the majority demonstrated quite different approaches. They had no interest in imperial build up and see in empire liability, which prevents ethnic Russians to live well. Putin's regime was regarded as the manifestation of the imperialism, and these explain—in their view—why the regime was hostile to ethnic Russians. To understand the image of the war, in the minds of many Russians, requires describing several specifics of the present regime, which are quite crucial from their perspective. First, although Putin came to power with a programme to end the abuses of the Yeltsin era, his regime was actually a continuity of Yeltsin's rule. Its most important socioeconomic element— robber-baron privatisation—was preserved. A few of the most notorious "oligarchs" either pushed for exile or ended their careers in prison, but most of them continued to prosper. The corrupt and hedonistic aspects of the post-Soviet regime continued to be prominent, yet the basic pro-Western orientation of Putin's foreign policy remained unchallenged. These features of Putin's regime made it as alien and hostile to many ethnic Russians, especially provincial people, as the Yeltsin's regime had been. Its anti-Western actions, and especially proclamations, were not taken seriously; indeed, they were understood as limited in scope and practically sham. The hostility to the regime by many disenfranchised ethnic Russians was also increased by its tolerance of ethnic minorities, especially Jews. Despite its slogans, the regime was reluctant to press the most brazen form of Russian nationalism, its emphasis on the racial/biological aspects of Russianness. However, it did not demonstrate just tolerance to Jews, but even a Judeophilism that had been unknown in Russia since the early Soviet era.

Contrary to the hopes for the progressive and constructive development of Russian-American relations after the collapse of the bipolar world and the end of the ideological confrontation between Marxism-Leninism and liberal capitalism, the United States and the Russian Federation are currently in a state of a new "cold war". Although both the United States and the Russian Federation are currently capitalist states, there is an irreconcilable ideological struggle between them, where Russian bourgeois nationalism collides with American liberal globalism. A new detente in Russian-American relations is possible only after reducing the intensity of this ideological confrontation.

The article is devoted to the analysis of lexical units related to the dyeing of threads and fabrics in the traditional peasant economy of the Perm region's inhabitants. Homemade threads and fabrics (linen and woolen), often being unattractive in color, were treated with various improvised dyes. There are a large number of words related to the thematic group 'Dyeing of fabrics' noted in the Permian dialects. The article analyzes lexical units that have the meanings 'to dye, to impart color', 'names of fabrics by color', 'characteristics of fabrics by color and pattern', 'pattern, coloring of fabrics'; the names of dyes and coloring materials are considered, and also the names of people engaged in this craft. The author of the article comes to a conclusion that the vocabulary related to the manufacture and dyeing of fabric is a valuable source for studying the life of peasants in the Perm region, their aesthetic ideas. The presence of a large number of lexical units of this thematic group indicates the desire to make fabrics and clothes from them not only comfortable to use but also beautiful. Vocabulary related to the production of fabrics by peasants mainly comprises originally Russian words. Many words of this group are found in other Russian dialects, but some of them are specific to the territory of the Kama region. These are lexemes of purely Russian origin that appeared as a result of new meanings developing in words or due to the formation of new words with the help of affixes. The vocabulary of fabric dyeing is connected with other thematic groups in the dialect lexical system, different names of clothing are often formed from the names of dyed fabrics.

Russian Modernization: A New Paradigm är en antologi om Rysslands modernisering och presenterar resultat efter ett stort projekt som forskargruppen av 34 medverkande författare bedrivit vid Aleksanteriinstitutet under ledning av Markku Kivinen och Brendan Humphreys.
Russian Modernization: A New Paradigm presents the result of a large project about Russian modernization conducted by a research group of 34 participants at the Aleksanteri Institute under the leadership of Markku Kivinen and Brendan Humphreys.

The Russian excellence project, referred to as the 5–100 program, is coming to an end. While it did not accomplish one of its goals to catapult some Russian universities into the top 100 of the global university rankings, the project achieved a number of important objectives. These include internationalization, improved management, and strengthened research infrastructure and productivity. The Russian government is currently considering a new program for university improvement.

The paper presents a performance characteristics of a pneumatic launcher, which is an important element of the split Hopkinson bar set-up (SHPB) at the Department of Military Engineering and Infrastructure (the Military University of Technology in Warsaw) for the purpose of dynamic strength tests of construction materials. The process of experimental calibration of the launcher for selected loading bar-projectiles is shown. Two types of compression during direct impact tests were also used simultaneously to investigate the behaviour of metallic samples with the use of this launcher as well as the Hopkinson measuring bar: the first — a short cylindrical sample, including a miniature (small diameter) sample, and the second — a long cylindrical sample (Taylor test). The relationships describing the stress and strain state as a function of strain rate for the first type of the experiment and engineering empirical formulas for the second type of the research were given.

The paper presents a performance characteristics of a pneumatic launcher, which is an important element of the split Hopkinson bar set-up (SHPB) at the Department of Military Engineering and Infrastructure (the Military University of Technology in Warsaw) for the purpose of dynamic strength tests of construction materials. The process of experimental calibration of the launcher for selected loading bar-projectiles is shown. Two types of compression during direct impact tests were also used simultaneously to investigate the behaviour of metallic samples with the use of this launcher as well as the Hopkinson measuring bar: the first — a short cylindrical sample, including a miniature (small diameter) sample, and the second — a long cylindrical sample (Taylor test). The relationships describing the stress and strain state as a function of strain rate for the first type of the experiment and engineering empirical formulas for the second type of the research were given.

The paper presents a performance characteristics of a pneumatic launcher, which is an important element of the split Hopkinson bar set-up (SHPB) at the Department of Military Engineering and Infrastructure (the Military University of Technology in Warsaw) for the purpose of dynamic strength tests of construction materials. The process of experimental calibration of the launcher for selected loading bar-projectiles is shown. Two types of compression during direct impact tests were also used simultaneously to investigate the behaviour of metallic samples with the use of this launcher as well as the Hopkinson measuring bar: the first — a short cylindrical sample, including a miniature (small diameter) sample, and the second — a long cylindrical sample (Taylor test). The relationships describing the stress and strain state as a function of strain rate for the first type of the experiment and engineering empirical formulas for the second type of the research were given.