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The Odia language, since its inception has played a significant role in establishing the uniqueness of the people of Odisha.In the 12th century AD Chodagangadev of Eastern Ganga family has established "Sakalatkola†and made the Odia language the dominant speech in this land. In 15th century AD the great pioneer of Odia Identity 'Kapilendradev' used the word 'Odisha' and introduced 'Odia' as the Official Language in his empire. After 1568 this community has lost the hard earned Identity and this was again restored in 1936 with the creation of Odisha state on Language basis. After introduction of Indian Constitution in 1950 the provision in Art.345 351 resulted in the "The Orissa Official language Act, 1954â€. Though we got the Act for the use of Odia Language in all official purposes of Odisha still we are thousand miles behind the achievement of 'Kapilendradev' in 15th Century AD. Now in the 21st Century after 71 years of the establishment of democracy in India, 'Black Flag march' have been organising in the banner of 'Bhasa Andolan'every day since 13 04 2016 till date. After amendment and official notifications it is still to be implemented in the real term of the above Act in Odisha.In this paper emphasis is given on the attempts made to implement the above Act the successes and failures, stumbling blocks on path necessity of the use of Odia Language in administration and the relevance of present day Odia Language Movement in Odisha. The study is qualitative and descriptive in nature basing upon secondary data. Suresh Chandra Rajahansa "The Odisha Official Language Act and Language Movement in 21st Century Ad" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30775.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/odia/30775/the-odisha-official-language-act-and-language-movement-in-21st-century-ad/suresh-chandra-rajahansa

"Common culture and common language facilitate trade between individuals. Individuals have incentives to learn the other languages and cultures so that they have a larger pool of potential trading partners. The value of assimilation is larger to an individual from a small minority than to one from a large minority group. When a society has a very large majority of individuals from one culture, individuals from minority groups will be assimilated more quickly. Assimilation is less likely when an immigrant's native culture and language are broadly represented in his or her new country. Also, when governments protect minority interests directly, incentives to be assimilated into the majority culture are reduced. In a pluralistic society, a government policy that encourages diverse cultural immigration over concentrated immigration is likely to increase the welfare of the native population. Sometimes, policies that subsidize assimilation and the acquisition of majority language skills can be socially beneficial. The theory is tested and confirmed by examining U.S. census data, which reveal that the likelihood that an immigrant will learn English is inversely related to the proportion of the local population that speaks his or her native language." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Machine generated contents note: 1. The Importance of Ethnic Identity when Language Shift Occurs: A Study of the Malaysian Iyers / Lokasundari Vijaya Sankar -- 2. Ethnic Identity in the Tamil Community of Kuching / Ponmalar N. Alagappar -- 3. Do Exogamous Marriages Result in Language Shift? Focus on the Sindhis of Kuching, Malaysia / Caesar Dealwis -- 4. Malaysian-Filipino Couples and Language Choice: Heritage Language or International Language? / Maya Khemlani David -- 5.I am not English but my First Language is English: English as a First Language among Portuguese Eurasians in Malaysia / Mahmud Hasan Khan -- 6. Language and Identity: Children of Indian Bidayuh Mixed Marriages / Maya Khemlani David -- 7. The Impact of language Policy on Language Shifts in Minority Communities: Focus on the Malayalee Community in Malaysia / Mohana Nambiar.

Dormitory Language Project is now in its sixth year at the North Dakota School for the Deaf. This program is a vital part of our students' educational program at our school and was developed and implemented by our Superintendent, Allen J. Hayek and the three coordinators that this project has now had. This project was developed on these statements: (a) Language and vocabulary development is one of the greatest problems that face hearing-impaired students at our school; (b) Our students need a program that tries to remediate their language and vocabulary deficiencies in everyday practical situations that is supplemental to their school program; (c) This program tries to identify areas of weakness and areas of concern and interest that our students do not normally have in school; and (d) This program will help our students, and they will be better able to cope with the real world after graduation. Dormitory Language Project at the North Dakota School for the Deaf is working.

This article argues that while there exists considerable overlap and potentially productive dialogue between political theory and language policy scholarship, any such effort will be hampered by the dominant approaches to political theory that assume individualistic and instrumentalist conceptions of language. Augmenting the language ideologies approach to such questions, I argue that within political theory there are resources to address such issues. After summarizing a few key contributions of recent political theory to debates on linguistic justice and language rights, the article turns to the writings of John Locke to analyze the underlying conception of language in these approaches. It concludes by suggesting that the key developments that language scholars have focused on in terms of the rise of global English, questions of native versus non-native ownership of language, changes in the nation-state and the context of global capitalism create the conditions in which such liberal and individualistic are unlikely to have significant purchase for scholars of language and language policy. I conclude by suggesting other theoretical resources that yield more attractive perspectives including Antonio Gramsci, Valentin Volos¡inov and Mikhail Bakhtin. ; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10993-014-9323-1

The widest framework available for the treatment of language problems is offered by sociolinguistics. The author of the article begins by introducing sociolinguistics, & claims that one of its four basic thematic clusters, which he calls 'Sociolinguistics IV,' is fully devoted to language problems. Mainstream Sociolinguistics, a US-based social network that has made a fundamental contribution to sociolinguistics since the 1960s, developed a version of 'Sociolinguistics IV' that is known as Language Planning. It is in confrontation with Language Planning that the theory of Language Management grew in the 1980s & 1990s. This paper briefly discusses the contribution & problems characteristic of Language Planning & outlines the main features of the Language Management theory. Among these, special attention is paid to the process of language management, which develops out of deviations from norms, whereby some of the deviations are noted, some of the noted deviations are evaluated, & certain adjustment plans are considered & implemented. Finally, the paper suggests that the Language Management theory could perhaps make a valid contribution to other social science disciplines, such as sociology or political science.

Indonesia

Controversies and problems with regard to language policy and language education still exist in Malaysia. Despite the attempts of language policy makers to promote multilingualism, the implementation has been marred by political and religious affiliations. Malaysia is a melting pot of many different cultures and ethnicities, the three largest being Malay, Chinese and Indian. Therefore, an analysis of the language variation in this polyglot nation will help in understanding the variety of languages and those who speak them. This book gathers the work of researchers working in the field of language change in Malaysia for over two decades. As there is no book published internationally on the language policy in Malaysia and the effects on the language change in urban migrant populations, this book is a timely contribution not only to an understanding of Malaysian linguistic pluralism and its undercurrents, but also to an understanding of the Indian Diaspora