Search results

This article explores "determining gender," the umbrella term for social practices of placing others in gender categories. We draw on three case studies showcasing moments of conflict over who counts as a man and who counts as a woman: public debates over the expansion of transgender employment rights, policies determining eligibility of transgender people for competitive sports, and proposals to remove the genital surgery requirement for a change of sex marker on birth certificates. We show that criteria for determining gender differ across social spaces. Gender-integrated spaces are more likely to use identity-based criteria, while gender-segregated spaces, like the sexual spaces we have previously examined (Schilt and Westbrook 2009), are more likely to use biology-based criteria. In addition, because of beliefs that women are inherently vulnerable and men are dangerous, "men's" and "women's" spaces are not policed equally—making access to women's spaces central to debates over transgender rights.

AbstractIn this article, we challenge the mainstream view of gender rooted in binary cisnormativity and suggest that the gender frameworks used to inform organizational research and practice are inadequate with respect to the range of transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) identities. We employ Hacking's "dynamic nominalism" to illustrate how evolving classifications of TGNC people operate as a discriminating factor that threatens their lived experiences. As an alternative to the binary cisnormative metaphor of gender as a spectrum, we adopt a more inclusive metaphor of a gender constellation and sketch out its potential conceptualization that promotes multidimensional, non‐hierarchical, and dynamic approaches to gender diversity.

The division of gender roles in the household and societal level gender (in)equality have been situated as one of the most powerful factors underlying fertility behaviour. Despite continued theoretical attention to this issue by demographers, empirical research integrating gender roles and equity in relation to fertility remains surprisingly sparse. This paper first provides a brief review of previous research that has examined gender roles and fertility followed by a comparison of six prominent gender equality indices: Gender-related Development Index (GDI), Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), Gender Gap Index (GGI), Gender Equality Index (GEI), the European Union Gender Equality Index (EU-GEI) and the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI). The paper then tests how five of these indices impact fertility intentions and behaviour using a series of multilevel (random-coefficient) logistic regression models, applying the European Social Survey (2004/5). The GDI, with its emphasis on human development, adjusted for gender, has the strongest and significant effect on fertility intentions. The EU-GEI, which focuses on the universal caregiver model, uncovers that more equity significantly lowers fertility intentions, but only for women. The remaining indicators show no significant impact. The paper concludes with a reflection and suggestions for future research.

International audience ; The protests which have been ongoing in North-African countries since February 2011 have contributed towards giving visibility to that component of society often neglected by the dominant male model: women. Female bodies occupied not only the front covers of important magazines (Libération, n.9253, 12th-13th February 2011; Los Angeles Times, Saturday 12th February), but also a traditional male space: the public space. This media visibility of women has given new food for thought on gender issues as well as on issues concerning dominating relationships that the ever reigning patriarchal system continues to perpetrate on a global level.Assuming that in most of these societies such relationships largely determine people's roles and lives, can one speak of a specificity in the Mediterranean setting? The predominant image of the Mediterranean world is that of a closed context, refractory to transformation, anchored in sexist traditions and still a long way from effective equality and access to politics and positions of power. Just such a stereotype, legitimized by Anglo-Saxon traditional studies and research on the Mediterranean city (c.f. Minca 2004) and still commonly predominant, has been put into question by the active role played by women in social movements which have lately taken place in the whole of the Mediterranean basin1. The pictures of women engaged in protest and demonstration have gone around the world. However, what do the women of the Arab awakening and the Spanish indignados women2 have in common? The presence of their bodies on town squares and streets. Virtual space has also held a starring role in the protests. The role of technology and the network in social and political change has been vastly covered both in scientific contexts (e.g. Paradiso 2003, 2006) and in popular contexts; particular reference can be made to the Green Wave in Iran (Mouillard 2009; Hare and Darani 2010). Furthermore, with the 2011 protests, attention has been focused specifically on the relation ...

International audience ; The protests which have been ongoing in North-African countries since February 2011 have contributed towards giving visibility to that component of society often neglected by the dominant male model: women. Female bodies occupied not only the front covers of important magazines (Libération, n.9253, 12th-13th February 2011; Los Angeles Times, Saturday 12th February), but also a traditional male space: the public space. This media visibility of women has given new food for thought on gender issues as well as on issues concerning dominating relationships that the ever reigning patriarchal system continues to perpetrate on a global level.Assuming that in most of these societies such relationships largely determine people's roles and lives, can one speak of a specificity in the Mediterranean setting? The predominant image of the Mediterranean world is that of a closed context, refractory to transformation, anchored in sexist traditions and still a long way from effective equality and access to politics and positions of power. Just such a stereotype, legitimized by Anglo-Saxon traditional studies and research on the Mediterranean city (c.f. Minca 2004) and still commonly predominant, has been put into question by the active role played by women in social movements which have lately taken place in the whole of the Mediterranean basin1. The pictures of women engaged in protest and demonstration have gone around the world. However, what do the women of the Arab awakening and the Spanish indignados women2 have in common? The presence of their bodies on town squares and streets. Virtual space has also held a starring role in the protests. The role of technology and the network in social and political change has been vastly covered both in scientific contexts (e.g. Paradiso 2003, 2006) and in popular contexts; particular reference can be made to the Green Wave in Iran (Mouillard 2009; Hare and Darani 2010). Furthermore, with the 2011 protests, attention has been focused specifically on the relation ...

Long description: Feministische Interventionen gegen geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt führten in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu politisch-institutionellen Maßnahmen. Dieser Entwicklung steht eine wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung gegenüber, die ihren Blick zunehmend auf Handlungsmacht von Frauen richtet und die Debatte um queere sowie postkoloniale Sichtweisen erweitert. Die Autor_innen stellen sich der Frage, wie feministische Ansätze die vielgestaltigen Gewaltformen adäquat erfassen können.

Die Verfasserinnen stellen Ansätze eines Gender Budgeting in Deutschland auf Länderebene (Berlin, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Bremen) und auf kommunaler Ebene (Köln, Marl, Marburg, Frankfurt a.M., München) vor. Sie konstatieren vielfältige Ansätze in diesem Bereich, ohne dass Gender Budgeting bisher - mit Ausnahme des Berliner Bezirks Lichtenberg - zur konkreten Veränderung eines Haushalts oder eines Teilhaushalts geführt hätte. Abschließend werden Faktoren benannt, die die zukünftige Debatte um Gender Budgeting prägen werden und die das Verhältnis zu Gender Mainstreaming, die Rolle der Verwaltungsmodernisierung und das Verhältnis von Politik, Verwaltung und zivilgesellschaftlichen Initiativen als politischen Akteuren betreffen. (ICE2)

Unequal participation in certain types of political engagement creates unequal influence on political and civil matters (Boulianne, 2022). Studies find that men and women tend to do a similar amount of political participation, with women engaging in more private and flexible forms, and men participating in more direct and collective forms (Bode, 2017; Coffé & Bolzendahl, 2010; Van Duyn et al., 2019; Pfanzelt & Spies, 2019). However, more data is needed when considering Canadian trends, especially when it comes to the causes of these trends. In this study, I conduct statistical analysis of secondary data from a February 2021 Canadian survey (n=1,568) designed by Dr. Shelley Boulianne. I determine which forms of political participation have gendered participation gaps and whether or not these are related to conflict avoidance tendencies and having political female role models. I find few gender differences in political participation. Some small gender differences persist in online forms of political participation, such as signing petitions online and commenting on news sites. Men were more likely post comments on news sites, compared to women; women more likely to sign online petitions, compared to men. As such, political participation moves online, the gender gap may be reproducing itself in online spaces.

Intro -- Inhalt -- Vorwort der Herausgeber -- Vorwort -- 1 Die Frage des Geschlechts -- Aufmerksamkeit für Geschlecht -- Geschlecht verstehen -- Geschlecht definieren -- Notiz zu den Quellen -- 2 Fünf Beispiele für Geschlechterforschung -- Erster Fall: Das Geschlechterspiel im Schulalltag -- Zweiter Fall: Männlichkeit und Minen -- Dritter Fall: Zurechtbiegen von Geschlecht -- Vierter Fall: Frauen, Krieg und Erinnerung -- Fünfter Fall: Veränderung von unten -- 3 GeschlechtertheoretikerInnen und Geschlechtertheorie -- In der Mehrheitswelt I: Raden Ajeng Kartini -- In der Metropole 1: von Christine de Pizan zu Simone de Beauvoir -- In der Metropole 2: von Women's Liberation zur queer theory -- In der Mehrheits-Welt 2: über die Dekade der Frauen hinaus -- 4 Geschlechterunterschiede und vergeschlechtlichte Körper -- Reproduktive Unterschiede -- Gegensätzliche Darstellungen von Differenz -- Tatsachen über Differenz: Forschungen über die "Ähnlichkeit der Geschlechter" -- Soziale Verkörperung und die Arena der Reproduktion -- 5 Geschlechterverhältnisse -- Geschlechtermuster: Struktur und Wandel -- Geschlecht in vier Dimensionen -- Machtverhältnisse: direkt, diskursiv, kolonisierend -- Produktion, Konsumtion und vergeschlechtlichte Akkumulation -- Emotionale Beziehungen -- Symbolismus, Kultur, Diskurs -- Verwobenheit und Intersektionalität -- Geschlecht als Geschichte -- Veränderungsprozesse -- Instabilität -- Widerspruch -- Kolonialismus -- 6 Geschlecht im persönlichen Leben -- Vergeschlechtlicht Aufwachsen: Sozialisierung in Geschlechtsrollen, Psychoanalyse und Lernen in Körpern -- Geschlechtsidentität -- Drittes Geschlecht, transgender, transsexuell -- 7 Geschlecht im großen Maßstab -- Der vergeschlechtlichte Konzern -- Der vergeschlechtlichte Staat -- Geschlecht in der Weltgesellschaft -- Interaktion zwischen Geschlechterordnungen.

Mit Simone de Beauvoirs Werk 'Das andere Geschlecht' aus dem Jahr 1949 wurde die Diskussion um die gesellschaftliche Konstitution von "Geschlecht" eröffnet. Heute ist "Gender", das kulturelle Geschlecht, zu einem geläufigen Begriff geworden. Therese Frey Steffen zeichnet Geschichte und Aktualität des Konzepts nach, das die Dualität von Mann und Frau radikal in Frage stellt, und bietet einen Ausblick auf ein künftiges Verständnis der Gender Studies