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Examines developments since 1959, focusing on the period from the 1970 coup d'état to the 1992 appointment of the first Omani national to head the Internal Security Service, succeeding contract or "seconded" British directors of intelligence. Examines the "practical culture" of political intelligence, the "Omanization" of the ISS, and trend toward an "Islamic" intelligence service.

Discusses role of intelligence services in peace processes, arguing that their abilities are limited, being good at diffusing local flashpoints which could escalate to threaten regional stability, but not very successful at wider conflict resolution efforts; focus on the US CIA and Great Britain's MI-6 and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

This comprehensive volume discusses the various challenges of establishing and maintaining accountable and democratically controlled intelligence services, drawing both from states with well-established democratic systems and those emerging from authoritarian systems and in transition towards democracy.

Sean Kippin and the Democratic Audit team assess the ways in which the UK's four main security services are scrutinised, to ensure that they are operating legally and in the public interest. For matters that must be kept secret, 'compromise' forms of scrutiny have now been developed in Parliament. But how effectively or independently do they work?