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Migration of people from one place to another is a historical trend, creating connection and understanding among people of diverse cultural heritage. In the global market economy, the trend is increasingly taking footing especially and within the discourse of brain drain from global south to north. Pakistan is one of the countries plagued by the syndrome of human capital flight (HCF), as sizeable portion of its GDP is held by HCF. In this backdrop, the research seeks to analyze the pros and cons of human capital flight especially on GDP growth and income. The paper further revisits the theory of emigration and tries to discover whether or not there exist correlation and effect between human capital flight and government policy. Upon looking at existing literatures and collected data, the paper analyses the implications of human capital flight on the overall Pakistan economy growth and per capita income. It is found that workers' foreign remittance significantly positive effected on the economic growth (GDP) and per capita income during the time line of study 1980 to 2011. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n1p43

Since the advent of four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy, many modifications regarding port number and size have been tried. The feasibility of three-port technique has been found comparable to the conventional four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. To assess the feasibility and safety of three-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a prospective study. Between March 2007 and March 2009, fifty patients with cholelithiasis aged between 15 and 56 years underwent three-port cholecystectomy in a prospective study in Government medical college, Srinagar. A single surgeon did all the cases and there was no criterion for the patient selection. These were consecutive fifty surgeries done by the surgeon. The outcome was assessed in terms of intra-operative and post-operative parameters. The mean (range) age was 45 (15–56) years and there were thirty-nine females and eleven males in the study. All the procedures were completed successfully without any conversions to open or any major complications; though three patients needed the addition of a fourth port as in conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The mean (range) operative time was 55 (30–90) min and the average blood loss was 30 ml. The mean (range) hospital stay was 1 (1–3) days. All patients returned to routine work within 1 week of surgery. The mean follow-up was 5 (2–7) months. We conclude, from the results above, that three-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and feasible. There are only two visible surgical scars, better cosmetic appearance with no increased risk of bile duct injury. It reduces the manpower in the form of a second assistant. Thus, it can be recommended as a safe alternative procedure to conventional four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Intro -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- Abstract -- 2 Application of Dense Offshore Tsunami Observations from Ocean Bottom Pressure Gauges (OBPGs) for Tsunami Research and Early Warnings -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction and Background -- 2 Data and Different Types of OBS Pressure Gauges -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Case Study One: The 2012 Haida Gwaii Tsunami, Offshore Canada -- 5 Case Study Two: The 2009 Dusky Sound Tsunami, Offshore New Zealand -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Remote Sensing for Natural or Man-Made Disasters and Environmental Changes -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 St. Lucia Case Study -- 3 Papanice Case Study -- 4 Sendai Case Study -- 5 Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Classification of Post-earthquake High Resolution Image Using Adaptive Dynamic Region Merging and Gravitational Self-Organizing Maps -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Feature Extraction -- 2.2 Adaptive Region Descriptor -- 2.3 Dynamic Region Merging -- 2.4 gSOM Clustering -- 2.5 Clustering Ensemble -- 3 Experiments -- 3.1 Survey Area and Data Description -- 3.2 Experiment Setups -- 3.2.1 ADRM Segmentation Evaluation -- 3.2.2 gSOM Classification Evaluation -- 4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 A Survey on the Role of Wireless Sensor Networks and IoT in Disaster Management -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 WSN Driven Disaster Monitoring and Management Systems -- 2.1 Applications of Sensor Networks in Disasters Management -- 2.2 5G and Device to Device Communication -- 2.3 Software Defined Radio -- 2.4 Cognitive Radio (CR) -- 2.5 Indoor Position Technologies -- 2.6 Disaster Situation Aware Protocols for Mobile Devices -- 2.7 Mobile Phone Disaster Mode -- 3 Existing IoT Standards: LoRa/4G LTE -- 3.1 LoRa -- 3.1.1 Limitations of LoRaWAN -- 3.2 4G LTE -- 3.2.1 Limitations of 4G LTE.