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In this paper, I propose that depression is a political phenomenon insofar as it has political sources and consequences. I then investigate one aspect of this argument—whether depression reduces participation. I hypothesize that individuals with depression lack the motivation and physical capacity to vote and engage in other forms of political participation due to somatic problems and feelings of hopelessness and apathy. Moreover, I examine how depression in adolescence can have downstream consequences for participation in young adulthood. The analyses, using both cross-sectional and longitudinal data, show that voter turnout and other forms of participation decrease as the severity of depressed mood increases. These findings are discussed in light of disability rights and potential efforts to boost participation among this group.

This essay identifies and discusses the factors and forces arising from finance that influence peoples' political participation. It does so at two levels: (1) micro-economic or individual and (2) macro-economic and social. We find that both factors and forces at work are significantly adverse to political participation at all levels. The prime intermediate factor here is economic inequality, which is the subject of a companion essay published earlier.

Lawyers probably hold public office & engage in political activity more than members of any other single occupational group. Examined is the hypothesis that, in Ur areas, individual practitioners are more active politically than lawyers in large law firms. The purpose is to employ explicitly political variables, notably political party identification, to determine the influence of structural legal variables on lawyers' political activity. The data were collected in a mail survey of lawyers in Wichita, Kan during the spring of 1974. Of 708 lawyers surveyed, 351 (49.6%) returned usable questionnaires. A political activity index was constructed from seven items drawn from L. Milbrath, Political Participation (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1965). Lawyers with firms of fewer than five members were classified with solo lawyers; those with firms of eleven or more members, as large firm lawyers. Analysis of the data reveals that political activity and type of practice are related, but political party identification qualifies the relationship. Only for Republicans are type of practice & political activity related at an acceptable level of statistical significance. Political independents are not very politically active, regardless of practice situation. Democratic attorneys in all practice situations exhibit a relatively high propensity to engage in political activity. Democratic lawyers have greater opportunities for participation &/or are more likely to be co-opted into politics than are Republican attorneys. The type of practice, however, seems to affect lawyers' propensities to engage in specific types of political activity, even when party is held constant. Attorneys in small firms or solo practice exhibit a strong tendency to seek & hold office; large firm lawyers tend to restrict their political activities to such other forms of participation as making campaign contributions. The type of legal practice may also help explain the amount of interest lawyers have in politics. Republican solo & small firm lawyers express as much interest in politics as do their Democratic counterparts, but Democrats in small firms are much more likely to be highly active in politics. Legal practice may help inspire political interest or ambition, but the pool of potential leaders available to the parties may influence political participation. 2 Tables. Modified AA.

Delayed gratification is associated with myriad desirable outcomes—like eating right and saving money. In this article, I explore whether it also increases political participation. To this end, I provide an explicit decision-theoretic framework, which predicts that less patient individuals are less willing to vote and to donate; these forms of participation are costly before Election Day, but their rewards are partially delayed. I then discuss how to elicit individual time preferences with real monetary incentives. In the empirical analysis, I provide evidence from a representative U.S. survey showing that monetary discount rates predict turnout and donations. Though mostly correlational and exploratory, these findings hold when controlling for a host of potential confounds. Overall, my results indicate that impatient types are less likely to prepare for and ultimately participate in elections. This sheds light on when and how deep psychological traits constrain political decisions involving a trade-off over time.

The stereotype of the politically ignorant and apathetic Asian American continues to be widespread. However, Asian Americans are in fact politically involved and active. This study examines Asian American political involvement through partisanship, policy/candidate preferences, and political participation in different forms (voting, protesting, and organizing). Additionally, the study examines the differences in political involvement of Asian Americans as a general racial group versus the different ethnic subgroups within the Asian race. We found that there are differences in amounts of political involvement based on different ethnic subgroups, showing that future analysis of Asian American political involvement should look at the different ethnic subgroups within the race rather than generalizing the data for all Asian Americans. It also shows that certain ethnic groups are more politically involved and/or have different preferences than other ethnic groups due to the diversity of experiences and backgrounds within the subgroups of the Asian race.

Analysis of complementary data sets, a 1965–1973 panel study of young adults and their parents and the 1956–1976 Michigan presidential election series, shows that the late 1960s and early 1970s were a deviant period where participation in American politics was concerned. During this time, the young were more active politically than their elders, substantially increasing their participation from previous years, and Americans on the ideological left participated more than those at other positions along the ideological continuum. While this surge of left-wing activism was not restricted to the young, it probably accounts for the relative participation advantage enjoyed by the young. These findings challenge the "conventional wisdom" about patterns of participation in America. They are best explained by recognizing that the opportunities for political action among the American citizenry are not fixed, but instead vary with changes in the political stimuli across different periods.

The legal right of American Indian tribes to self-government still exists in principle, but during the last hundred years, it has been ignored or in fringed upon by regulation or local interpretation to such an extent, especially since the Civil War, that the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 which meant to restore self-government in local affairs seemed unrealistic to many Indian tribes. Since 1950, government interference in tribal affairs has again increased, both at the national and state levels. The participation of Indians in political life is growing. Over 32,000 were in the armed services during the last World War. As citizens, since 1924 they are increasingly participating in local and national elections.—Ed.

Übungsteildatensatz zum Workbook "Political Participation".

Themen: Selbsteinschätzung der Klassenzugehörigkeit; Grad der
Parteiidentifikation; perzipierte Einflussmöglichkeit auf die Regierung;
politisches Interesse; Interesse am Wahlkampf; Interesse am Wahlausgang;
politisches Interesse des Vaters während der eigenen Kindheit; Teilnahme
an Wahlveranstaltungen; Wahlbeteiligung bei der letzten Wahl; regionale
Herkunft; wahrgenommene Unterschiede zwischen den Parteien;
Mediennutzung zur politischen Meinungsbildung; Parteipräferenz der
Eltern während der eigenen Kindheit; perzipierte Klassenkonflikte;
Klassenmobilität; Beurteilung der eigenen wirtschaftlichen Situation;
Selbsteinschätzung auf einem Links-Rechts-Kontinuum; wichtigste
politische Themen.

Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Familienstand; Konfession;
Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Schulbildung; Wohnortgröße;
Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Ortsansässigkeit; Charakteristika des
Haushaltsvorstands; Beruf; berufliche Position; Berufstätigkeit; Beruf
und berufliche Position des Vaters; Aufwachsen in der Stadt oder auf dem
Land; soziale Herkunft.

In recent years, the study of political participation has benefited from growing attention to the study of social networks. Historically, most explanations for political participation have focused on characteristics of individuals. Although these individual-level correlates do a "pretty good" job of predicting who participates, incorporating social networks deepens our understanding of the factors that lead people to express voice in the democratic process. Even though the participation literature has long been split between scholars who favor a focus on individuals and others who emphasize social networks, the two approaches need not be in tension. Instead, they complement one another. The individualistic factors known to correlate with participation-including education, religious attendance, political knowledge, political conviction, and civic duty-all have a social dimension. Adapted from the source document.