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Man kann die europäische Geschichte vom Mittelalter bis heute auch als eine Entwicklung von Mangelgesellschaften zur Überflussgesellschaft schreiben. Agrarrevolution, Manufakturen und Industrialisierung, der Ausbau der Verkehrsnetze (Seewege, Eisenbahn, Brücken etc.) - die wirtschaftliche Revolution vor allem der letzen Jahrhunderte berührt jeden Bereich menschlichen Lebens und wandelt ihn grundlegend. Die Suche nach einer europäischen Identität ist ohne den wirtschaftshistorischen Aspekt nicht denkbar, da Europa (und nur Europa) Institutionen, Mentalitäten und Strukturen entwickelt hat, die für die Ausbreitung der kapitalistischen Wirtschaftsweise und damit für unsere gegenwärtige Lebensform entscheidend geworden sind. Hans-Werner Niemann schreibt eine Wirtschaftsgeschichte von der mittelalterlichen Agrarrevolution über die europäische Expansion und die industrielle Revolution bis hin zur heutigen globalisierten Wirtschaft, vom Seehandel über das Textilgewerbe bis zum Bergbau. Biographische Informationen Hans-Werner Niemann, geb. 1950 ist Professor für europäische Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte vom Mittelalter bis ins 20. Jahrhundert an der Universität Osnabrück. Uwe Puschner ist außerplanmäßiger Professor für Neuere Geschichte an der Freien Universität Berlin.

The September 11, 2001 terrorism attack on the United States has led government officials to rethink anti-terrorism policies and researchers to assess the implications for the study of risk and uncertainty. This book draws on the expertise of eminent researchers in several risk-related fields to assess three substantive areas of concern - risk beliefs, insurance market effects, and policy responses. The risk belief analyses consider several key questions. How do people think about the risks of terrorism? What are their attitudes toward these risks? To what extent are these low probability and highly dramatic risks overestimated? Several chapters present original survey results analyzing these different aspects of terrorism risk assessments. These studies also begin to explore how people might be willing to sacrifice civil liberties to reduce the risk of terrorism and whether perceived terrorism risks are affected by the severity of the outcome and by proximity to past terrorist attacks. The insurance industry incurred financial losses generated by the terrorism attack. The risks had not been foreseen and were not reflected in insurance pricing. These new terrorism risks generated considerable uncertainty for insurance markets, leading to insurance stock price declines that are documented in this book. Subsequently, a stock price rebound occurred, particularly for the higher quality firms. A third pair of essays deals with policy responses to terrorism risks. A central theme of these analyses is that protective actions by one party have fundamental effects on the risks posed to others. Making airlines immune to terrorist attack may shift the terrorism attacks elsewhere, diminishing the net improvement in security. The papers included here examine how resources should be targeted given these offsetting effects. Contributors to this volume include J. David Cummins, Neil A. Doherty, Baruch Fischhoff, Geoffrey Heal, Howard Kunreuther, Cass R. Sunstein, W. Kip Viscusi, and Richard J. Zeckhauser, among others

India is the richest human capital country in the world. However enrolment in higher education is lower as compared to developed countries. It is a setback to take Indian economy on rapid economic growth path. Thus, in recent year's government of India paid highest attention to enhance enrolment ratio in higher education under NITHI AYOGA. The major difficulty is how to develop employability among graduates particularly in rural India. Keeping this in mind various levels of government introduced skill development training to improve the qualities of graduate of rural area

After the New Economy crisis at the turn of the Millennium and the Subprime Crisis in the US in 2007, short-term financial interests sought new possibilities for rents, with devastating consequences for price stability and nutritional conditions for people in many developing countries. In the course of the food crisis of 2008, however, stricter regulation in this area has become a political possibility. In this article, we discuss trends in food speculation and land grabbing, and sketch current possibilities for reform. Adapted from the source document

The author explores trends of low-skilled migrant labor in Japan before as well as after the global economic crisis, reviews the development of migration policies especially related to low-skilled migrants, and examines new empirical findings and draws some implications for migration policy reform in Japan. In the empirical analysis, the author stresses the effects of production fragmentation on low-skilled labor, the effects of the declining youth population on mismatches in the labor markets, and those of employment strategies by enterprises on the employment of nationals as well as foreigners at the local level. Finally, the author insists on the necessity for Japan to strengthen integration policy at the local level, in addition to immigration control policy at the national level, within the context of developing economic integration in the East Asian region.