One of the asserted advantages and goals of the unification of substantive law lies in the prevention of 'forum shopping',1ie the lawyer's act of seeking the forum that is most beneficial to his client's interest.2This has been pointed out not only in discussions on unification of law in general,3but also in discussions on specific international uniform contract law conventions, such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods4(hereinafter CISG),5the Geneva Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road6(hereinafter CMR)7and the UNIDROIT Convention on International Factoring8(hereinafter IFC).9
"Warum brauchen die Internationalen Beziehungen eine Geschlechterperspektive? Was sind die größten Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung der Resolution 1325 des UN-Sicherheitsrats auf internationaler, europäischer und nationaler Ebene? Warum ist Geschlechtergerechtigkeit als wesentlicher Bestandteil einer nachhaltigen Friedenspolitik bedeutend? Antworten auf diese Fragen wurden bei der Tagung aus wissenschaftlicher und praktischer Perspektive diskutiert. Die Beiträge zur Umsetzung der Resolution 1325 zeigten, dass mit diesem Instrument eine sinnvolle politische Strategie entworfen wurde. Dennoch gibt es viele Mängel bei der Implementierung. Weitere Themen waren völkerrechtliche Fragen, die Einschätzung aus Sicht der Theorien zu Internationalen Beziehungen und das Konzept der Menschlichen Sicherheit." (Autorenreferat)
Die Idee einer internationalen Schutzverantwortung, wonach die Staatengemeinschaft oder einzelne Staaten gestufte Verantwortungen zum Schutz grundlegender Menschenrechte wahrnehmen sollen, wird in der gegenwärtigen internationalen Gesellschaft kontrovers diskutiert. Anhand einer Analyse der Debatten über den Schutz vor Massenverbrechen und Menschenrechtsverletzungen in einer globalisierten Weltwirtschaft problematisiert dieser Band das Faktum eines fragmentierten Menschenrechtsschutzregimes. Um die isolierte Anwendung verschiedener Schutzagenden zu überwinden, werden die Konzepte der Zuschreibung extraterritorialer Schutzpflichten und der Responsibility to Protect miteinander verknüpft. Zugleich wird durch die Integration neuer Primärinstitutionen ein Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung der Englischen Schule geleistet.
In: Revue internationale de la Croix-Rouge: débat humanitaire, droit, politiques, action = International Review of the Red Cross, Volume 77, Issue 814, p. 473-493
«Je ne connais aucune partie de la jurisprudence ou de la science humaine à laquelle puisse se rattacher l'institution qui s'appelle le Comité de Genève» déclarait, devant la Quatrième Conférence internationale des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge, réunie à Carlsruhe en septembre 1887, l'éminent juriste russe Fiodor Fiodorovitch de Martens.
The author considers the factors, which determine interest to the German language in different regions of the world. The object of research is the role of the German language in international sociocultural contacts and the humanitarian sphere development, in the world educational space formation. The subject matter is practical experience of mastering the German language, linguistic achievements and problems of specific nations in this area. The author considers practical application of the German language in the language policy of several countries, studies intercultural interaction difficulties, analyses international research projects in ethno-social dynamics. The goal of the research determined the tasks: to present a socio-anthropological approach to the consideration of the language situation in the countries, to comment on the institutional aspects of the German language dissemination, to substantiate the multilingualism significance as a tool of intercultural education. The chronological framework of the study covers the first decades of the XXI century. At the same time, if we consider the problem in a historical aspect, we will inevitably turn to the earlier periods. A systematic approach allows us to establish a logical relationship and interdependence of these periods, traces changes in the status of the official language in Germany. This issue is not only linguistic, but also historical and cultural. The author analyzes the problems of the ethnolinguistic situation associated with the study of the German language in a number of countries: among them, the United Kingdom, in which other languages (but English) have a lesser degree of social prestige and are being squeezed out of the language space. The French Republic, along with the Federal Republic of Germany, as the leader of Europe, has always been on the axis of European construction. The country continues the policy of promoting internationalization of the French language. At the same time, Francophonie is a movement for cultural diversity. The Kingdom of Belgium and the Swiss Confederation are related to Germany in institutional architecture. It is necessary to study the situation in these ethnically heterogeneous and multilingual federal states, where German is one of the official languages. The author appeals to the history of Spain and the Republic of Korea because the citizens of these countries participated in the reconstruction of Germany after the Second World War. Issues related to the individual linguistic rights implementation determine national and political processes, educational and cultural policies. Learning several languages forms the idea that a multilingual society is the standard model of communication.
The Chinese international students are often portrayed in a monolithic manner in popular discourse. To offer a more comprehensive and critical representation of the Chinese international students, this paper conducts a thematic narrative review of 128 English-language and 74 Chinese-language peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2020. Drawing on post-colonial theories, this review identifies four subject positions portrayed of the Chinese international students: the (1) neoliberal, (2) political, (3) pedagogic, and (4) racialised subjects. This paper celebrates heartening developments in the literature which affirms Chinese international students' epistemic contributions, legitimate pedagogic needs, notable heterogeneity, and wide-ranging political, cultural and pedagogic agencies. It also highlights how aspects of these subject positions have exercised epistemic injustice on the Chinese international students. Meanwhile, it pinpoints the Chinese international students' acquiescence in exacerbating global education inequalities. Among the first to bring the dominant English-language and 'local' perspectives of Chinese-language literature in dialogue, this article notes divergent focuses and indicates unique contributions to historicising research on Chinese international students made by the latter. This article challenges popular perceptions of Chinese international students, questions production of knowledge, and pinpoints future research directions.
International audience ; The past decade of information technology governance issues and opportunities related to development has been tumultuous and transformation-filled. Much work has been done on nation-states, new institutions such as ICANN or the now ten year old and newly renewed Internet Governance Forum (IGF), civil society or even the private sector. (See, for example, Denardis (2014), Franklin (2013), Mueller (2010), Powers & Jablonski (2015).) Less work focuses on the roles of international organizations such as UNESCO or long-standing regional international organizations such as the Council of Europe (CoE) and their interactions with other key actors in complex, cross-national technology governance ecosystems as they relate to development. This paper focuses on major questions related to technology and sustainable development, reporting findings from a four-year project examining international organization roles in the context of nation-states, regions, civil society, technical communities, and the private sector. Particular attention is given to internet governance against the backdrop of the United Nations' newly adopted Sustainable Development Goals and its very recent review of the World Summit On The Information Society (WSIS) action goals. The project uses interviews and document analyses rooted in political science, communication and organizational sociological conceptual frames. In sum, the paper provides an in-depth and new view of international organizations' transformative roles and actions in addressing major challenges related to internet governance and developing nations.
International audience ; The past decade of information technology governance issues and opportunities related to development has been tumultuous and transformation-filled. Much work has been done on nation-states, new institutions such as ICANN or the now ten year old and newly renewed Internet Governance Forum (IGF), civil society or even the private sector. (See, for example, Denardis (2014), Franklin (2013), Mueller (2010), Powers & Jablonski (2015).) Less work focuses on the roles of international organizations such as UNESCO or long-standing regional international organizations such as the Council of Europe (CoE) and their interactions with other key actors in complex, cross-national technology governance ecosystems as they relate to development. This paper focuses on major questions related to technology and sustainable development, reporting findings from a four-year project examining international organization roles in the context of nation-states, regions, civil society, technical communities, and the private sector. Particular attention is given to internet governance against the backdrop of the United Nations' newly adopted Sustainable Development Goals and its very recent review of the World Summit On The Information Society (WSIS) action goals. The project uses interviews and document analyses rooted in political science, communication and organizational sociological conceptual frames. In sum, the paper provides an in-depth and new view of international organizations' transformative roles and actions in addressing major challenges related to internet governance and developing nations.
La pandémie de COVID-19 a joué un rôle de catalyseur des tensions internationales, en particulier entre la Chine et les États-Unis. Le président américain a fortement critiqué l'Organisation mondiale de la santé, accusée de servir les intérêts de Pékin et d'inefficacité. Pourtant, cette organisation a agi avec célérité et a facilité la coopération sanitaire internationale. Elle œuvre notamment à la production d'un vaccin qui pourrait être considéré comme un bien public mondial.
