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Examines evolution and crisis of the Japanese construction industry and implications of the "iron triangle" model; 1970-2001.

Outlook for political and economic reform following defeat of the Liberal Democratic party. Focuses on Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa's initiatives to weaken the "iron triangle" of conservative politicians, senior bureaucrats, and big business leaders.

United States; 6 articles. Partial contents: Community values in Southwest water management, by Stephen P. Mumme and Helen M. Ingram; Recent trends in federal water resource management: are the "iron triangles" in retreat? by Tim R. Miller.

We present a spatial interaction entropy maximizing and structural dynamics model of settlements from the Middle Bronze (MBA) and Iron Ages (IA) in the Khabur Triangle (KT) region within Syria. The model addresses factors that make locations attractive for trade and settlement, affecting settlement growth and change. We explore why some sites become relatively major settlements, while others diminish in the periods discussed. We assess how political and geographic constraints affect regional settlement transformations, while also accounting for uncertainty in the archaeological data. Model outputs indicate how the MBA settlement pattern contrasts from the IA for the same region when different factors affecting settlement size importance, facility of movement, and exogenous site interactions are studied. The results suggest the importance of political and historical factors in these periods and also demonstrate the value of a quantitative model in explaining emergent settlement size distributions across landscapes affected by different socio-environmental causal elements.

Robert Mood – Served in South China Sea and bays, inlets and rivers of South Vietnam. Operation Junction City (Iron Triangle). Returned from Vietnam in 1967; experienced health issues arising from exposure to Agent Orange and asbestos which only became apparent after military service. ; https://vc.bridgew.edu/vhp_stories/1032/thumbnail.jpg

Books reviewed in this article:Jerry F. Hough. 1988. Opening Up the Soviet EconomyDaniel McCool. 1987. Command of the Waters: Iron Triangles, Federal Water Development, and Indian WaterCharles Wolf, Jr. 1988. Markets or Governments: Choosing Between Imperfect AlternativesRobert A. Hanneman. 1988. Computer‐Assisted Theory Building: Modeling Dynamic Social Systems

Critical Infrastructures (CI) are considered fundamental to the functioning of modern economies. This text looks at the 'iron triangle' within CI: power, telecom, and finance. It introduces the concept of CI's as industrial and enterprise 'risk conductors', highlighting the fact that a CI failure can propagate an impact in an enterprise

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Choosing Prime Ministers: Corruption and Culture -- 3. Japan's Dysfunctional Prime Minister -- 4. Back to the Future -- 5. The Constitution and Democracy -- 6. Bureaucracy-Dominated Iron Triangle -- 7. Forward from Basics -- Conclusion: Shigata ga nai Society -- Notes -- References and Publications Cited -- Index

Trade unions, political parties and municipal bureaucracy, the « iron triangle » of municipal government in a French Town (Toulouse, 1910-1970). In Toulouse, during the first decades of the twentieth century, the unionization of the workforce and the institutionalization of a co-management system were active factors in the modernization of municipal government. It contributed decisively towards the decline of patronage and political pressure that had hitherto characterized the relationship between local elected representatives and the municipal workforce. An established partnership involving the local union, the ruling party and the head of bureaucracy became a structural element in the city's municipal government for almost 50 years. An English version of this paper was published in : Dagenais Michèle, Maver Irene, Saunier Pierre-Yves, 2001, Municipal services and employees in the modern city , London : Ashgate. ; A Toulouse, pendant les premières décennies du vingtième siècle, la syndicalisation du personnel municipal et l'institutionnalisation d'un système de paritarisme ont été des facteurs très actifs de la modernisation de l'administration communale. Ce processus a contribué d'une façon décisive au déclin du patronage qui caractérisait les relations entre les élus et les employés municipaux. A partir des années trente et jusqu'aux années soixante-dix, un système de relations d'interdépendance entre le syndicat hégémonique, le parti politique dirigeant la coalition municipale et les cadres de la bureaucratie communale est devenu un élément structurel de l'organisation du gouvernement municipal. Ce "triangle de fer" a produit des effets importants sur le management des services et la gestion du personnel communal.

Trade unions, political parties and municipal bureaucracy, the « iron triangle » of municipal government in a French Town (Toulouse, 1910-1970). In Toulouse, during the first decades of the twentieth century, the unionization of the workforce and the institutionalization of a co-management system were active factors in the modernization of municipal government. It contributed decisively towards the decline of patronage and political pressure that had hitherto characterized the relationship between local elected representatives and the municipal workforce. An established partnership involving the local union, the ruling party and the head of bureaucracy became a structural element in the city's municipal government for almost 50 years. An English version of this paper was published in : Dagenais Michèle, Maver Irene, Saunier Pierre-Yves, 2001, Municipal services and employees in the modern city , London : Ashgate. ; A Toulouse, pendant les premières décennies du vingtième siècle, la syndicalisation du personnel municipal et l'institutionnalisation d'un système de paritarisme ont été des facteurs très actifs de la modernisation de l'administration communale. Ce processus a contribué d'une façon décisive au déclin du patronage qui caractérisait les relations entre les élus et les employés municipaux. A partir des années trente et jusqu'aux années soixante-dix, un système de relations d'interdépendance entre le syndicat hégémonique, le parti politique dirigeant la coalition municipale et les cadres de la bureaucratie communale est devenu un élément structurel de l'organisation du gouvernement municipal. Ce "triangle de fer" a produit des effets importants sur le management des services et la gestion du personnel communal.

Trade unions, political parties and municipal bureaucracy, the « iron triangle » of municipal government in a French Town (Toulouse, 1910-1970). In Toulouse, during the first decades of the twentieth century, the unionization of the workforce and the institutionalization of a co-management system were active factors in the modernization of municipal government. It contributed decisively towards the decline of patronage and political pressure that had hitherto characterized the relationship between local elected representatives and the municipal workforce. An established partnership involving the local union, the ruling party and the head of bureaucracy became a structural element in the city's municipal government for almost 50 years. An English version of this paper was published in : Dagenais Michèle, Maver Irene, Saunier Pierre-Yves, 2001, Municipal services and employees in the modern city , London : Ashgate. ; A Toulouse, pendant les premières décennies du vingtième siècle, la syndicalisation du personnel municipal et l'institutionnalisation d'un système de paritarisme ont été des facteurs très actifs de la modernisation de l'administration communale. Ce processus a contribué d'une façon décisive au déclin du patronage qui caractérisait les relations entre les élus et les employés municipaux. A partir des années trente et jusqu'aux années soixante-dix, un système de relations d'interdépendance entre le syndicat hégémonique, le parti politique dirigeant la coalition municipale et les cadres de la bureaucratie communale est devenu un élément structurel de l'organisation du gouvernement municipal. Ce "triangle de fer" a produit des effets importants sur le management des services et la gestion du personnel communal.

Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Note -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Governmental Justification of Capital Punishment -- 1.2 Research Background -- 1.3 Research Methodology -- 1.4 Outline -- Notes -- Chapter 2: The Two-Sided Triangle: Capital Punishment Policy Decision-Making- A Framework for Analysis -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Existing Hypotheses on the Government's Retention of Capital Punishment -- 2.2.1 Historical Factors -- 2.2.2 External Factors -- 2.2.3 Internal Factors -- 2.3 Japanese Decision-Making: The Iron Triangle Model