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International audience ; The computational simulation of human intelligent behavior has been one of the main research topics in (AI) artificial intelligence domain. Therefore, a great number of behavioral models were proposed considering emotional, cognitive and psychological factors to simulate the human behavior in different domain such as military or manufacturing systems. In addition to psychological factors, the social state of a group of workers plays a critical role in rational decision-making, perception, human interaction and human intelligence. Thus, it is judicious to analyze the workers' behavior at work and to integrate their needs and requirements in manufacturing systems models in order to improve the simulation accuracy. In this context, this paper suggests a graphical and a mathematical representation model of workers' behaviors as well as the ties that can exist among them. The model is also extended to consider inter-worker social relations that can influence the individual performance.

International audience ; The computational simulation of human intelligent behavior has been one of the main research topics in (AI) artificial intelligence domain. Therefore, a great number of behavioral models were proposed considering emotional, cognitive and psychological factors to simulate the human behavior in different domain such as military or manufacturing systems. In addition to psychological factors, the social state of a group of workers plays a critical role in rational decision-making, perception, human interaction and human intelligence. Thus, it is judicious to analyze the workers' behavior at work and to integrate their needs and requirements in manufacturing systems models in order to improve the simulation accuracy. In this context, this paper suggests a graphical and a mathematical representation model of workers' behaviors as well as the ties that can exist among them. The model is also extended to consider inter-worker social relations that can influence the individual performance.

International audience ; The computational simulation of human intelligent behavior has been one of the main research topics in (AI) artificial intelligence domain. Therefore, a great number of behavioral models were proposed considering emotional, cognitive and psychological factors to simulate the human behavior in different domain such as military or manufacturing systems. In addition to psychological factors, the social state of a group of workers plays a critical role in rational decision-making, perception, human interaction and human intelligence. Thus, it is judicious to analyze the workers' behavior at work and to integrate their needs and requirements in manufacturing systems models in order to improve the simulation accuracy. In this context, this paper suggests a graphical and a mathematical representation model of workers' behaviors as well as the ties that can exist among them. The model is also extended to consider inter-worker social relations that can influence the individual performance.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- A Policy Perspective -- References -- Chapter 2 A Nation of Immigrants? -- Historical Migration -- Migration in the Modern Era -- References -- Chapter 3 The Economics of Migration -- Measuring Nonemployment -- The Gap -- Fiscal Effects of Immigration -- References -- Chapter 4 A Moral Superpower -- Volumes -- Comparison of Outcomes -- The Second Generation -- The Swedish Paradox -- A True Moral Superpower -- References -- Chapter 5 The Long Run -- Multicultural Cities -- The Challenges of Malmö -- The Long Run Arrives -- References -- Chapter 6 Smoldering Concrete -- Burning Automobiles -- Quantifying Vehicle Arson -- Happy Days -- Normalizing the Abnormal -- Torching Utopia -- References -- Chapter 7 Inequality -- Income Distribution -- Wealth Disparity -- Relative Poverty -- Absolute Poverty -- References -- Chapter 8 Parallel Societies -- Effects for Residents -- COVID-19 Segregation -- White Flight -- Separate Societies in Ethnic Enclaves -- Patriarchal Structures and the Morality Police -- The Caliphate in the North -- References -- Chapter 9 Social Exclusion -- Neo-Poverty -- Outsiders -- A Map of Social Exclusion -- Development Over Time -- References -- Chapter 10 Immigration and Causality -- Unemployment and School Performance -- Explanations and Excuses -- Simpson's Paradox and Child Poverty -- References -- Chapter 11 Law and Order -- Measuring Crime -- Self-Reported Surveys of Crime -- Sex Crime -- Property Crime -- Historical Homicide -- Shootings -- Criminal Behavior -- References -- Chapter 12 Immigration and Crime -- Research on Immigrant Overrepresentation -- Discrimination -- Cultural Factors -- Controlling for Socioeconomic Factors -- References -- Chapter 13 Gang Crime -- Organized Crime -- Disorganized Crime.

Introduction / Sakari Taipale, Terhi-Anna Wilska and Chris Gilleard -- Historical, theoretical, and methodological perspectives -- The place of age in the digital revolution / Chris Gilleard -- Generational analysis as a methodological approach to study mediatised social change / GÖran Bolin -- Generational analysis of people's experience of ICTS / Leslie Haddon -- Family generations and ICT -- Mobile life of middle aged employees : fragmented time and softer schedules / Mia Tammelin and Timo Anttila -- Intergenerational solidarity and ICT usage : empirical insights from Finnish and Slovenian families / Sakari Taipale, Andrae Petrovic, and Vesna Dolnicar -- Gendering the mobile phone : a life course approach / Carla Ganito -- How young people experience elderly people's use of digital technologies in everyday life / Leopoldina Fortunati -- ICTS and client trust in the care of old people in Finland / Helena Hirvonen -- Mobile phone use and social generations in rural india / Sirpa Tenhunen -- Consumption, lifestyles and markets -- Necessities to all? : the role of ICTS in the everyday life of the middle-aged and elderly between 1999 and 2014 / Terhi-Anna Wilska and Sanna Kuoppamäki -- A risk to privacy or a need for security? : digital domestic technologies in the lives of young adults and late middle-agers / Sanna-Mari Kuoppamäki, Outi Uusitalo, and Tiina Kemppainen -- Personality traits and computer use in midlife : leisure activities and work characteristics as mediators / Tiia Kekäläinen and Katja Kokko -- Electronic emotions, age and the life course / Jane Vincent -- Conclusions / Chris Gilleard, Terhi-Anna Wilska, and Sakari Taipale.

This book brings together a diverse set of expert scholars to enliven and sharpen the debate about the ways in which consumption affects society today. Research on consumption can shed light on many fundamental questions, such as the character of society, including social and cultural dimensions; the relations between the generations; dependency of technology and the risks involved; the rise of Asia and its potential consumption preferences; the question of whether we must continuously increase our consumption to avoid a recession and whether this is ecologically sustainable

Ausgangspunkt des Buches ist die seit einigen Jahren in der Politikwissenschaft, aber auch in den anderen Sozialwissenschaften intensiv geführte Diskussion über soziales Vertrauen und dessen unterstellte positive Effekte auf Kooperation. Sie wird dominiert durch zwei große Theorieansätze, den ökonomischen oder Rational Choice-Vertrauensansatz und den soziologischen Vertrauensansatz. Bislang sind diese beiden Ansätze kaum in fruchtbarer Weise miteinander verbunden worden, obwohl dies in der Vertrauensdiskussion häufig gefordert wird. An dieser Forschungslücke setzt das Buch an. Nach einer ausführlichen Darstellung der beiden Vertrauenstheorien zeigt es auf, wie eine systematische, theoretisch und methodologisch begründete Theorieintegration der soziologischen und der ökonomischen Vertrauenstheorie gelingen kann. Mit Hilfe moderner Datenerhebungs- und Auswertungsverfahren (Faktorieller Survey und Mehrebenenanalysen) wird dieses integrative Theoriemodell auf seine empirische Bewährung hin überprüft.

1 Introduction: 'It's Difficult' -- 2 The Contemporary Adjective Global I: Popular & Free, and Disputedly Undisputed -- 3 The Contemporary Adjective Global II: Enmeshed with the 'Globalisation'-Discourse -- 4 The 'Globalisation'-Discourse and the 'New World' -- 5 The Proclamation of the 'New World' -- 6 The Omnipresence of Global as a Political Phenomenon and 'Unconventional' Object of Study -- 7 For Example: The Web of Meanings 'New World' in US President Obama's Public Papers 2013 -- 8 Conclusion.

Documents Annex: http://www.nyupress.org/justtradeannex/index.html While modern trade law and human rights law constitute two of the most active spheres in international law, follow similar intellectual trajectories, and often feature the same key actors and arenas, neither field has actively engaged with the other. They co-exist in relative isolation at best, peppered by occasional hostile debates. It has come to be a given that pro-trade laws are not good for human rights, and legislation that protects human rights hampers vibrant international trade. In a bold departure from this canon, Just Trade makes a case for reaching a middle-ground between these two fields, acknowledging their co-existence and the significant points at which they overlap. Using examples from many of the 35 nations of the Western Hemisphere, Berta Esperanza Hernández-Truyol and Stephen J. Powell combine their expertise to examine human rights policies involving conscripted child labor, sustainable development, promotion of health, equality of women, human trafficking, indigenous peoples, poverty, citizenship, and economic sanctions, never overlooking the very real human rights problems that arise from international trade. However, instead of viewing the two kinds of law as polar and sometimes hostile opposites, the authors make powerful suggestions for how these intersections may be navigated to promote an international marketplace that embraces both liberal trade and liberal protection of human rights.

The COVID-19 pandemic situation forced to look for other ways to provide continuous education around the world, which highlighted the importance and necessity of online education platforms and digital learning object (DLO) while going through this shift (Zhou et al., 2020; Viner et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020). Teachers, in primary schools as well, had to reorganize completely their curriculum and assignments to adapt them to the virtual environment. This paper, based on the experiences of primary school teachers, aims to reveal the challenges faced by the teachers when within two weeks all Lithuanian schools and universities had to switch to remote education from face-to-face education and when the adoption of DLOs moved from optional to compulsory 'mode' as learning process became remote. The research problem is analyzed primarily by revealing the theoretical aspects of the research, i.e., the concept of the DLO, the specifics of the adoption of DLOs in primary education and the challenges considered through the types of barriers. The findings indicate that teachers experienced challenges of practical training, issues in pupils' assessment due to the lack of participation in the process of assignment completion, time constrain, different computer systems used, issues of online security, internet access and support. The study also identified the challenges of practical origin, namely, difficulties in keeping pupils' concentration and attention throughout the lesson, lower level of teacher's control during lessons as well as differences in pupils' technical skills to use computers.

Received: 2 August 2021 / Accepted: 20 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021