The revival of psychedelic research coincided and more recently conjoined with psychopharmacological research on how drugs affect moral judgments and behaviors. This article makes the case for a moral psychopharmacology of psychedelics that examines whether psychedelics serve as non-specific amplifiers that enable subjects to (re-)connect with their values, or whether they promote specific moral-political orientations such as liberal and anti-authoritarian views, as recent psychopharmacological studies suggest. This question gains urgency from the fact that the return of psychedelics from counterculture and underground laboratories to mainstream science and society has been accompanied by a diversification of their users and uses. We propose bringing the pharmacological and neuroscientific literature into a conversation with historical and anthropological scholarship documenting the full spectrum of moral and political views associated with the uses of psychedelics. This paper sheds new light on the cultural plasticity of drug action and has implications for the design of psychedelic pharmacopsychotherapies. It also raises the question of whether other classes of psychoactive drugs have an equally rich moral and political life.
Comic book artist remains one of the least known professions, both to the general public and to public authorities as well as to researchers in social sciences. In recent years, however, comic book artists have attempted to be heard in the French public arena, in order to make the authorities recognize the problems that they consider to be a burden on their activity: economic precariousness, suffering at work, sexism, lack of social recognition, inadequate legal and fiscal status. Some of them have committed themselves to transform their professional community into a professional group, with the hope of making their various interlocutors recognize the specificity and autonomy of this group. In the meantime, many comic book artists remain skeptical, if not reticent, about the idea of a collective organization and regulation of their activity. The first ambition of this thesis was to lift the veil on the daily life of this profession and on a reality that usually remains in the shadows. By entering the workplace of artists, by attending their daily exchanges and by following them in conventions, it was possible to understand the conditions and logic of their work. The second ambition of this thesis will have been to understand why the profession of comic book artist remains so poorly known and recognized. For this purpose, I followed several collectives of artists, which are trying to give their profession a form of unity and visibility. These analyses led me to defend the idea that the difficulties of comic book artists, in building collective claims and giving a political existence to their professional group, are mainly due to the way in which their activity was organized. In other words, in order to understand the limits encountered by certain critical processes within a profession, we must return to the structure of work relations to observe the type of relationships and norms that it favors (or, on the contrary, makes more difficult). This analysis grid can be applied over the long term: such retrospection ...
Comic book artist remains one of the least known professions, both to the general public and to public authorities as well as to researchers in social sciences. In recent years, however, comic book artists have attempted to be heard in the French public arena, in order to make the authorities recognize the problems that they consider to be a burden on their activity: economic precariousness, suffering at work, sexism, lack of social recognition, inadequate legal and fiscal status. Some of them have committed themselves to transform their professional community into a professional group, with the hope of making their various interlocutors recognize the specificity and autonomy of this group. In the meantime, many comic book artists remain skeptical, if not reticent, about the idea of a collective organization and regulation of their activity. The first ambition of this thesis was to lift the veil on the daily life of this profession and on a reality that usually remains in the shadows. By entering the workplace of artists, by attending their daily exchanges and by following them in conventions, it was possible to understand the conditions and logic of their work. The second ambition of this thesis will have been to understand why the profession of comic book artist remains so poorly known and recognized. For this purpose, I followed several collectives of artists, which are trying to give their profession a form of unity and visibility. These analyses led me to defend the idea that the difficulties of comic book artists, in building collective claims and giving a political existence to their professional group, are mainly due to the way in which their activity was organized. In other words, in order to understand the limits encountered by certain critical processes within a profession, we must return to the structure of work relations to observe the type of relationships and norms that it favors (or, on the contrary, makes more difficult). This analysis grid can be applied over the long term: such retrospection ...
A partir de la reforma educativa de los 90', la escuela secundaria bonaerense está inmersa en procesos de severas transformaciones que han deteriorado, especialmente, al sector de la educación pública. En este artículo me propongo indagar y comprender algunos componentes novedosos en las relaciones y prácticas pedagógicas, políticas y sociales en y desde "la escuela", rasgos que emergen en la actualización de los conflictos escolares y extraescolares de la secundaria bonaerense como producto de quiénes han accionado en su "defensa".Para ello describo y analizo etnográficamente el acto de imposición del nombre Ernesto 'Che' Guevara, a la Escuela de Enseñanza Media N° 7 del municipio de Berazategui, Argentina.Esta nominación fue el resultado de un largo proceso al que yo entendí como el principal medio por el cual se jugó un drama social, es decir, una disputa de poder entre dos bandos: los actores escolares y las autoridades gubernamentales municipales y provinciales; quienes dirimieron durante más de quince años por el control político e ideológico de la institución.Los actores escolares lograron cerrar a su favor la disputa mediante una performance ritual que mostró una identidad escolar inédita y legitimada. ; Since the education reform of the 1990the secondary schools of the province of Buenos Aires have been undergoing severe transformations which have deteriorated, in particular, state schools. In this article, I intend to inquire into, and understand, some of the novel components of the pedagogical, political and social relationships and practices of "the school", aspects which emerge withinthe enactmentof schooland out-of-schoolconflicts of thesecondaryschool of Buenos Aires due to those who have acted in its "defense". In order to do this, I ethnographically describe and analyse the ceremony of naming High school Number 7 of the municipality of Berazategui, Argentina, after Ernesto "Che" Guevara. This act of naming was the result of a process which I understood as the main means by which there came to be ...
The political dimension in schools has been analyzed from diverse disciplines and through its different actors: teachers, principals, mothers, fathers and, to a lesser extent, children and adolescents. However, service assistants - staff in charge of cleaning and building maintenance - have been few studied to address the phenomena and processes that include power relations within educational institutions. Based on research with an ethnographic focus, I will show how through the work of cleaning, order and food preparation, the auxiliaries participate in tensions and disputes that constitute the daily life of a state primary school in the city of Neuquén (Argentina). Aesthetics, as a sensitive manifestation of social life, will be fundamental for understanding the ways in which politics is produced in the school environment. ; La dimensión política en las escuelas ha sido analizada desde diversas disciplinas y a través de sus diferentes actores: docentes, directivos, madres, padres y, en menor medida, niñxs1 y adolescentes. Sin embargo, los auxiliares de servicio – personal a cargo de la limpieza y mantenimiento edilicio- han sido poco estudiados para abordar los fenómenos y procesos que incluyen relaciones de poder en el interior de las instituciones educativas. A partir de una investigación con enfoque etnográfco, mostraré cómo a través del trabajo de limpieza, orden y preparación de alimentos, lxs auxiliares participan de tensiones y disputas que constituyen la cotidianeidad de una escuela primaria estatal de la ciudad de Neuquén (Argentina). La estética, como manifestación sensible de la vida social, será fundamental para comprender los modos en los que se produce la política en el ámbito escolar.
In this article information on gender - women and men relations, the history of the study of the problem, as well as sociological, pedagogical, psychological, ethnographic recommendations and their role in the society are described. Since ancient times, great attention has been paid to the non- violation of human rights in the world community, the conduct of political, socio - economic activity of men and women in the spirit of equality in ideological processes in society. It would not be an exaggeration to say that this issue is one of the main factors in the restoration of civil society based on the market economy, favoring the ideas of democracy in our country. The stereotypes of the role of ven in any sphere of society and the like are losing their essence. In our free and prosperous land, should act as a guarantee of equality, spiritual perfection, innovate ideas on economic and political rise. With the development of every sphere of our country, the market economy, the restoration of civil society with free and healthy - minded people is one of the urgent tasks of today. The people's interest in reforms, measures to eliminate the problems of minorities, the processes of increasing legal literacy, the maintenance of political stability is pne pf the Commo Dreams of every boy and girl and their efforts in this direction. That being said, the role and role of women and men in the period of socio- economic political upheavals is somewhat equated. And this is inextricably linked with the introduction and application of the concept of "gender" in our modern sociological idea. Gender is prominent in all social processes affecting women and men.
Studies of the pro-life movement have invariably been undertaken in relation to the pro-choice movement. The stress on comparison has tended to homogenize the two sides, thus understating their internal differences. This article extends beyond an analysis bounded by a movement―countermovement dichotomy. Based on ethnographic data and on the Italian case, it considers several questions that arise from revealing the intramovement divisions at various levels. First, there are tensions relating to the relationship between orthodoxy and institutionalized politics: how far, if at all, should there be doctrinal compromises in exchange for influence over public policy? Secondly, the conflicts over modes of action. In this respect, should protests be visible in public spaces, and if so how? These two issues govern the tense relationship between the Movimento per la Vita and more radical groups. Thirdly, the issue that divides the Movimento itself; the ongoing dialogue over the attitude to be taken towards contraception, and thus sexuality. At the heart of these intramovement struggles is the definition of what a 'real' pro-life movement is, and how a 'real' pro-life movement should mobilize. This article reveals a complex and highly fragmented image of the pro-life movement that, like every social movement of a certain size, is heterogeneous in its demographic composition, objectives and strategies. To show this complexity, the article adopts an emic approach that does not limit itself to a reading of conservative movements through the eyes of progressive movements.
This book analyses the relationship between youth and participation, looking specifically at those repertories of involvement that are commonly clustered under the concept of "unconventional political participation". The author focuses on the connections between youth practices of participation and youth conditions in contemporary society. Drawing from the analysis of three ethnographic case studies conducted on experiences of youth participation in Italy and Sweden, the circumstances and the reasons leading young people to express their political ideas through forms of engagement located outside the realm of "formal politics" are explored. The book seeks to bring back the specificities of contemporary youth at the centre of the analysis of youth practices of participation, highlighting their often overlooked socio-historical and generational 'situatedness'.
The purpose of this qualitative research was to utilize an Institutional Ethnographic (IE) lens to trace how various institutional (regulatory, educational, union, governmental, or health authority) texts and resources organize baccalaureate (RN) and diploma (vocational or practical) nurses' experiences of learning to practice on acute care teams. Functional care models have been introduced in acute care, creating RN-LPN-health care aide (HCA) teams in conjunction with expanded practice scopes for LPNs. Questions arise as to how nurses (RNs and LPNs) learn to work together on these intra-professional teams. Beginning from the standpoint of front-line workers provides an entry-point into understanding how institutional priorities organize the everyday work of people. Ten RNs and ten LPNs were interviewed in two small community acute care hospitals on Vancouver Island. More specifically, in observations and interviews we looked for ways in which textually mediated work processes (such as regulatory, governmental, health authority, and educational documents) and other conceptual resources influenced nurses' understandings of nursing education and professional practice. This analysis focused on how RNs and LPNs learn to work on re-designed nursing teams and traced the textually mediated discourses that are organizing this learning in the context of recent changes to LPN education and nursing teams. Our findings highlight unarticulated nursing knowledge/thinking, and the textual insertion of functional, skilled and flexible worker discourses, which organize to blur practice between RN and LPNs making them [potentially] interchangeable in complex acute care contexts. This study, situated as one analysis among a larger study, shows the invisibility of nursing disciplinary and professional goals and knowledge in nurses' talk, as RNs and LPNs re-learn and sustain nursing practice in ways that fulfill other institutional and organizational goals. This re-alignment has significant implications for educators in nursing programs, who participate in teaching within educational silos. This research has shown that the absence of clarity in functional roles (perpetuating role confusion and ambiguity) is purposeful, with the goal of creating flexible workers. Résumé Cette étude qualitative selon une perspective d'ethnographie institutionnelle, visait à examiner comment divers documents institutionnels (réglementaires, académiques, syndicaux, gouvernementaux ou d'autorité régionale) orientent les expériences d'apprentissage des infirmières formées au baccalauréat (IB, en anglais RN) et des infirmières diplômées de formation professionnelle ou pratique (ID, en anglais LPN), en fonction de la pratique au sein d'équipes de soins aigus . L'intégration de modèles fonctionnels dans les soins aigus a entraîné la création d'équipes d'IBs-IDs- aides-soignantes et élargi la portée de la pratique des IDs. De cette situation surgissent des questions, à savoir comment les infirmières (IBs et IDs) apprennent à collaborer dans ces équipes intraprofessionnelles. Aborder la question du point de vue des travailleuses de première ligne offre une ouverture vers la compréhension de la manière dont les priorités institutionnelles organisent le travail quotidien de ces personnes. Nous nous sommes entretenues avec dix IB et dix ID de deux petits hôpitaux communautaires de soins aigus, sur l'île de Vancouver. Plus spécifiquement, à travers les observations et les entrevues, nous avons cherché les moyens par lesquels les processus de travail inscrits dans des textes institutionnels (documentation réglementaire, gouvernementale, d'autorité régionale et académique), ainsi que d'autres ressources conceptuelles, ont influencé la compréhension des infirmières quant à la formation et à la pratique professionnelle en sciences infirmières. Cette analyse était centrée sur la manière dont les IB et les ID apprennent à travailler au sein d'équipes infirmières reconfigurées et ciblait les énoncés de textes qui orientent cet apprentissage, dans le contexte des récents changements dans la formation des ID et au sein des équipes dont elles font partie. Nos résultats soulignent un savoir/ une pensée infirmière inexprimée et l'intégration textuelle d'un discours de travail fonctionnel, compétent et polyvalent qui contribuent à brouiller les pratiques entre les IB et les ID, les rendant [potentiellement] interchangeables en contexte de soins aigus complexes. Cette étude, qui ne représente qu'une analyse d'une étude plus large, démontre l'invisibilité de la discipline infirmière et des objectifs et savoirs professionnels dans le discours des infirmières, alors que les IB et les ID réapprennent et maintiennent une pratique infirmière qui répond à d'autres objectifs institutionnels et organisationnels. Cet ajustement a d'importantes répercussions pour les enseignantes des programmes de soins et sciences infirmières, qui évoluent de manière parallèle dans des établissements d'enseignement. Cette recherche démontre que l'absence de clarté dans les rôles fonctionnels (qui maintient la confusion de rôle et l'ambiguïté) est délibérée et vise à former des travailleuses polyvalentes.
In: "Military-to-Wildlife Geographies: Bureaucracies of Cleanup and Conservation in Vieques." In Anssi Paasi, John Harrison, and Martin Jones (eds.), Handbook on the Geographies of Regions and Territories, pp. 268-281 (Edward Elgar Publishing 2018).
