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This paper shows changes in the normative expectations of journalism through‎ an analysis of articles published in Croatian scientific journals about journalism‎ in three time periods: socialism, the transition period, and the period of‎ democratic consolidation. Using qualitative content analysis we identify a‎ total of fifteen themes related to journalism (journalistic norms, regulation,‎ sensationalism, investigative journalism, journalism and PR, organizational‎ aspects, war reporting, technological aspects, gender and journalism, media‎ freedom, democratic aspects, economic aspects, journalism education, the‎ function of journalism in a political system, and the history of journalism) and‎ nine normative roles for journalists ( gatekeeper, social-political worker, public‎ sphere promoter, watchdog, commercial role, emancipatory role, neutral‎ disseminator, advocacy role, defender of democracy). We used quantitative‎ content analysis to analyze the distribution of themes and roles. The results‎ show no unambiguous perception of journalism in academic papers during the‎ different time periods as is generally assumed in the literature on ‎media democratization and the media in transitional countries in general.

In this article, I explore how Sudanese communities have attempted to visually document, witness and communicate a silenced history of forced displacement. Thousands of peasants in rural Northern Sudan were flooded out of their homes along the Nile during the 2003–2009 Merowe Dam construction project. My aim is to examine both the complex local interactions with and appropriations of the anthropologist's video camera, which, in the relational process of witnessing, turned into a stage to provide audio-visual evidence against hegemonic discourses of Sudan's successful hydroelectric future. I show how my video camera's affordances of capturing and mediating 'truth' evoked specific performative genres of representation in moments of crisis and illustrate how these usages differ from everyday interactions with a video camera. These performative genres of 'crisis witnessing', I contend, resonate with globally distributed media realities and thereby reproduce certain practices of communication that are stereotyped in the mass media.

This paper shows changes in the normative expectations of journalism through‎ an analysis of articles published in Croatian scientific journals about journalism‎ in three time periods: socialism, the transition period, and the period of‎ democratic consolidation. Using qualitative content analysis we identify a‎ total of fifteen themes related to journalism (journalistic norms, regulation,‎ sensationalism, investigative journalism, journalism and PR, organizational‎ aspects, war reporting, technological aspects, gender and journalism, media‎ freedom, democratic aspects, economic aspects, journalism education, the‎ function of journalism in a political system, and the history of journalism) and‎ nine normative roles for journalists ( gatekeeper, social-political worker, public‎ sphere promoter, watchdog, commercial role, emancipatory role, neutral‎ disseminator, advocacy role, defender of democracy). We used quantitative‎ content analysis to analyze the distribution of themes and roles. The results‎ show no unambiguous perception of journalism in academic papers during the‎ different time periods as is generally assumed in the literature on ‎media democratization and the media in transitional countries in general.

My thesis is a cross-cultural comparison of the consumption habits of Japanese and American yaoi or boy's love (BL) fans, with a particular focus on how the motivations for consuming this type of media may differ between each group. Within my literature review, I start with the history of Japanese homoerotica, from Heian era writings and shunga artwork, to how this has evolved into the modern BL industry in Japan. Additionally, I examine where BL media fits into the landscape of both Japanese and global LGBT+ identity politics. Using identity construction and queer feminist theory, I explore how this type of homoerotica is utilized to help marginalized people construct and validate their sexual and gender expressions. This information will be compared to the data I collect within my own empirical research, to demonstrate what cultural values and consumption habits are similar or differ between my American respondents and the Japanese BL community.

This article is the first in-depth study of Cuba's revolutionary news agency, Prensa Latina. Drawing on a wide variety of archival and published sources, including Cuban media and memoirs, declassified intelligence reports, U.S. State Department records, and newspaper articles from across Latin America, the article analyzes the agency's controversial creation, international reception, and significance. The evidence presented here shows that Prensa Latina was a powerful weapon in Fidel Castro's revolutionary arsenal because it provided a way for the Cuban government to gather and shape information and garner international support. Studying the history of Prensa Latina provides new insight into the production, circulation, reception, restriction, and manipulation of information during the Cold War. The Cuban agency's efforts to reshape the international flow of information posed a clear challenge both to the traditional media and to Castro's enemies across the Americas, spurring them to pursue a wide variety of tactics to silence Prensa Latina.

The aim of this article is to review and identify main attributes of a new form of subversion,
so called digital subversion. Digital subversion is relatively new phenomena frequently
used as vital part of nowadays resistance movement and hybrid warfare tactics.
The article looks at subversion from the point of history through resistance movement
and current use of hybrid warfare tactics where digital subversion can be considered
as a vehicle for the deployment and achievement of other elements, tools and objectives
of hybrid warfare. Within the digital subversion operating concept can be identified such
elements and tools like online trolling, digital and social media, digital activism, digital
media and marginally also cyber operations. Conclusion is focused on strategic and institutional
perspective of how to counter digital subversion. An article expands today
view on subversion as a vital element of resistance movement and hybrid warfare fused
with cyberspace to a digital subversion.

This book's inquiry into contemporary poetry takes two directions. The first direction leads to several close examinations of digital, multi-modal and performative poetry, and how perspectives or perhaps just an awareness of a new media landscape recondition our understanding of an old literary genre. The second direction expands into considerations of contextual theories of affect and atmosphere, to materiality studies and towards the heterogenic field of politics, for example feminism, minority studies, digital and environmental humanities or cosmopolitanism. Hence, the question the articles in this volume pose is whether this match of mediatization and new sensibilities can be seen as a major novel development in the history of poetry. With the title Dialogues on Poetry we wish to signal that the answer to this question can only be pursued through the ongoing process involved in defining, discussing and describing how poetry responds to the substantial changes of our media-saturated circumstances and environments.

When terror strikes, the terrorist is more often than not portrayed in a mugshot, an ID-like photograph with references to police mugshots as well as the passport ID. This has developed into the common iconography where modern terrorists are concerned. But how are we supposed to perceive this visual statement from the media? Is the mugshot a portrait of an individual or a category of anti-social criminals? Through the case of Anis Amri, the Tunisian who drove a stolen truck into a Christmas market in Berlin on December 2016, this article discusses the genealogy of the terrorist mugshot. It evokes the legacy of the physiognomic tradition in photography, as well as the history of the photographic portrait. It further discusses the agency of the photographic frame in the wake of terror and other dramatic events, and asks what the media gain and lose by adhering to this visual convention. ; publishedVersion

Abstract
Recent work on Internet discourse focuses extensively on social network sites, which now serve as the primary organizing location for trans individuals. Yet despite their declining popularity, stand-alone websites—often continuously maintained by a single owner—continue to serve as important resources for online information and discourse. This essay, first, locates the website within the history of transgender online publics and, second, considers their current complex position in the trans media landscape. In part, they serve as an accessible, living archive of English-language trans experience, tracking the evolution of web design aesthetics, community composition, and trans terminology. Yet sites' temporal contexts—key to their archival status—are obscured when they are called up by search engines. The opacity of search algorithms' indexing practices and their subsequent filtering of search results, then, point to the importance for new media scholars of accounting for platforms' affordances and constraints.

Considering the relationship between media and sense-making in Brazil, the purpose of this article is to examine an interventionist collaborative ethnography in a specific literacy context – history classes in a Brazilian state school, in which the classroom teacher, two researchers, and 5th grade students conjointly try to decenter commonsense views of gender and sexuality. By making ample recourse to media texts and to radical hybridity, they work towards promoting classroom literacy practices which "de-ground" certainties by shaking them through border-crossing (Mignolo 2000) and triggering the negotiation of new perspectives for social life. By dramatizing cemented social voices and engaging in what we have termed trans-experiences, participants show that social matrices and solidified meanings do not simply impose themselves on individuals but live through microsociological encounters. This movement is made visible through a microanalytical approach that, capturing tenuous voicing contrasts indexed by register use, reveals a delicate, but significant, performative flux.

The situation in Ukraine is the subject of an intense discussion in the public sphere and the media across Europe. But what do we know about how our neighbouring countries are reflecting on the crisis, its historical background and its meaning for the relationship between our countries, Ukraine, Russia and the European Union? During 2014 and 2015 the Cultures of History Forum asked historians and sociologists from more than 15 European countries, the US, Israel and Turkey to reflect on the media coverage and public debates regarding the Ukrainian crisis in their countries. This paper is a short outline of the coverage of the Euromaidan protests by Ukrainian television and the Internet in the period from November 2013 to spring 2014. The present article focuses on the medai coverage of these events in major US intellectual news outlets, the New York Times, New Yorker, and the New York Review of Books.

In the late Soviet period, environmental issues gained an unprecedented media resonance and dramatic socio-political importance. The "Ecological Revolution" took a tragic turn in the Soviet Union, against the background of high-impact industrial and natural disasters. After the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station (Ukraine, 1986) and in a context of increased free-speech, Soviet citizens seized on new and old, covered up or forgotten environmental issues and demanded that a hesitant government put them on the political agenda. In a mixture of media revelations, mass demonstrations, and intense voluntary-sector activity, environmental issues of local, national and global significance ranked high among the main preoccupations of the Soviet population. In this introduction to a special issue of SPSR on the environmental history of the late Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russia, we explore new avenues of understanding the upsurge of ecological perestroika from the 1960s to the 2010s.

This study presents a narrative history and quantitative analysis of national campaigns in the United States, and analyzes how successful campaigns provide entertainment, foster empathy, and develop a national peer group with norms and networks that encourage giving. Our historical survey found that charity telethons flourished in the 1960s and 1970s, but changes in tax regulations and competition from other networks and cable television led most of them to discontinue operations in the 1980s and 1990s. In recent years, Internet and text messaging fundraising have become important, but benefit concerts continue to generate a significant percentage of total revenues. In our quantitative analyses, we found that campaigns for natural disasters raised more money than most campaigns for human-made disasters, and domestic campaigns brought more donations than international ones. Media attention, fundraising expenditures, and economic growth all correlated positively with donations, as expected, but fundraising events did not increase media coverage of disasters.

The 2008 presidential election was one of the most watched campaigns in American history, and prominently featured the vice presidential candidates, Governor Sarah Palin and Senator Joseph Biden. This election contest presents an exciting opportunity to expand and test our current understandings of the relationship between gender and media coverage. We examine this relationship using computer‐assisted content analysis of major newspapers, television news broadcasts, and political blogs. These three media are analyzed in terms of both quantity and substance of coverage received by Palin and Biden. Using a multiple medium perspective in our investigation of the contest between Palin and Biden, this article finds differences in volume of coverage (Governor Palin receives more), substance of coverage (roughly reflecting gender‐based stereotypes), and medium (with differences in volume and substance of coverage across newspapers, television, and blogs). Implications for future contests and for American politics in general are discussed.Related Articles:"Women Candidates and the Media: 1992‐2000 Elections." (2006)http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2006.00030.x/abstract"The Influence of Female Candidates' Campaign Issues on Political Proselytizing." (2008)http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2008.00093.x/abstract"Incumbent Responsiveness to Female Challengers." (2010)http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00271.x/fullRelated Media:Blogs athttp://themoderatevoice.com/,http://committedtoromney.com/, andhttp://www.barackoblogger.com/La elección presidencial del 2008 fue una de las campañas más vistas en la historia de los Estados Unidos, dando un lugar destacado a los candidatos para la vicepresidencia, la gobernadora Sarah Palin y el Senador Joseph Biden. Esta contienda electoral presenta una gran oportunidad para ampliar y poner a prueba nuestra comprensión actual de la relación entre el género y la cobertura de los medios de comunicación. Este artículo examina esta relación usando un análisis de contenido de los principales periódicos, programas de televisión y blogs políticos. Estos tres medios son analizados en términos de cantidad y sustancia de la cobertura recibida por Palin y Biden. Usando una perspectiva de múltiples medios en nuestra investigación de la competencia entre Palin y Biden, este estudio encuentra diferencias en el volumen de cobertura (la gobernadora Palin recibió más), sustancia de la cobertura (más o menos reflejando estereotipos de género), y de medio (con diferencias de volumen y sustancia de cobertura entre periódicos, televisión, y blogs). Las implicaciones para futuras contiendas y la política estadounidense en general son discutidas.

In recent years, food has become a recurrent part of popular culture. Occupying a privileged space between necessity and luxury, food features in numerous popular media, ranging from television shows to metaphorical uses of 'hunger' in cinematographic adaptations of the latest vampire
phenomena. Food acts not only as a cultural projection of social, ethnic and national affiliation but also bridges the gap between cultural tendencies, mainstream preferences and consumerist desires. Taking eating's popularized status as a point of departure, this article analyses the multiple
representations of food and hunger in Matt Groening's Futurama. Focusing on specific examples from the series, I discuss how, through images of food, Futurama offers parodied critiques of late twentieth- and twenty-first-century commercial and cultural trends. I aim to show that, while hinting
at connections to popular history, Futurama's improbable foods pluralize the political, intellectual and aesthetic colonization of everyday life by brands, media and product.