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El crimen, en general, y el asesinato, en particular, alcanzaron en Medellín y Colombia niveles extraordinarios durante los 20 años transcurridos entre 1985 y 2005 -- La situación fue diagnosticada desde el Estado cuando en 1987 se creó la "Comisión de estudios sobre la violencia", de composición académica, y una Comisión Accidental del Senado de la República -- Esta última caracterizó la situación del país como de "anarquía y deterioro" y al país mismo como "fuera de casillas, al margen de sus propias leyes" -- En el panorama colombiano, empero, la condición de Medellín durante ese período fue especialmente grave -- Medellín superó la tasa nacional de homicidios por primera vez en 1978 y apenas en el 2015 pudo lograr un guarismo inferior -- Eso significa que la contribución de Medellín al homicidio en el país siempre sobrepasó su participación poblacional -- Mientras esta última es del 5%, la primera se mantuvo por encima del 10% -- Baste decir que en los años 1990 y 1991, uno de cada cuatro asesinatos ocurridos en Colombia se presentó en Medellín -- En cada uno de esos años hubo más muertes violentas que las bajas estadounidenses durante la primera década de la segunda guerra de Irak ; Presentación. Camino al barrio. Jorge Giraldo Ramírez - Gubernamentalidad espacial y agencia criminal negra en Cali y São Paulo: Aproximaciones para una antropología "fuera de la ley". Jaime Amparo Alves - Ganando terreno: orígenes y fundamentos de los ecosistemas transgresores en San Juan, Puerto Rico. Lilian Bobea - Medellín: ¿Comunas sin cohesión social?. Francisco E. Thoumi - Los jóvenes destinados al homicidio en Medellín. Casa de las Estrategias - El ciclo criminal del microtráfico y consumo de drogas: contexto nacional y consecuencias en entornos locales. Isabel Gutiérrez, Santiago Tobón - Capital social, lealtad y eficacia colectiva: Una aproximación microsocial a la seguridad y la convivencia en las Comunas de Medellín. Andrés Casas Casas, Nathalie Méndez Méndez. ; p. 308

"'Utopia' is a word not often associated with the city of Bangkok, which is better known for its disorderly sprawl, overburdened roads, and stifling levels of pollution. Yet as early as 1782, when the city was officially founded on the banks of the Chao Phraya river as the home of the Chakri dynasty, its orientation was based on material and rhetorical considerations that alluded to ideal times and spaces. The construction of palaces, monastic complexes, walls, forts, and canals created a defensive network while symbolically locating the terrestrial realm of the king within the Theravada Buddhist cosmos. Into the twentieth century, pictorial, narrative, and built representations of utopia were critical to Bangkok's transformation into a national capital and commercial entrepôt. But as older representations of the universe encountered modern architecture, building technologies, and urban planning, new images of an ideal society attempted to reconcile urban-based understandings of Buddhist liberation and felicitous states like nirvana with worldly models of political community like the nation-state. Bangkok Utopia outlines an alternative genealogy of both utopia and modernism in a part of the world that has often been overlooked by researchers of both. It examines representations of utopia that developed in the city-as expressed in built forms as well as architectural drawings, building manuals, novels, poetry, and ecclesiastical murals-from its first general strike of migrant laborers in 1910 to the overthrow of the military dictatorship in 1973. Using Thai- and Chinese-language archival sources, the book demonstrates how the new spaces of the city became arenas for modern subject formation, utopian desires, political hegemony, and social unrest, arguing that the modern city was a space of antinomy-one able not only to sustain heterogeneous temporalities, but also to support conflicting world views within the urban landscape. By underscoring the paradoxical character of utopias and their formal narrative expressions of both hope and hegemony, Bangkok Utopia provides an innovative way to conceptualize the uneven economic development and fractured political conditions of contemporary global cities"--

Some emphasis on differences between advanced and newly industrialized countries.

Le terme « parent hélicoptère » est aujourd'hui très présent dans les discours public et professionnel sur l'éducation des enfants, ainsi que dans la culture de façon plus générale, particulièrement en Amérique du Nord et au Royaume-Uni. Un petit nombre de travaux sociologiques ont mis en évidence le caractère paradoxal de ce phénomène, qui réside dans une inquiétude souvent exagérée envers l'investissement « excessif » de ces parents dits « hélicoptères » auprès de leurs enfants, au sein même d'une culture de la parentalité intensive. Cet article développe ces travaux de deux manières. Nous resituons d'abord l'utilisation désormais omniprésente du terme « parent hélicoptère » et les qualificatifs qui y sont associés en examinant ses antécédents discursifs dans la terminologie du XXe siècle — comme l'overparenting (surparentalité), le smothering (parent poule ou parent qui couve) ou le coddling (dorlotement) — et en soulignant leur coexistence avec les récits de « mauvaises mères », considérées comme distantes et non impliquées. Ensuite, en analysant l'utilisation du terme helicopter parent faite dans les médias britanniques depuis la fin du XXe siècle, nous analysons comment se construisent les préoccupations actuelles concernant le surinvestissement des parents dans l'éducation de leurs enfants. Nous avons observé que les thèmes les plus récurrents de la couverture médiatique concernaient l'amour parental qui a mal tourné (gone wrong), la pression parentale (parental pushiness), ainsi que la classe sociale du parent hélicoptère. Notre analyse suggère que l'expression « parent hélicoptère » peut être mieux comprise comme un aspect du langage vernaculaire du XXIe siècle qui exprime une certaine aversion envers les résultats perçus d'une parentalité intensive, mais qui laisse intactes les prémisses concernant la responsabilité parentale en matière de pathologies individuelles et sociales. Nous concluons que, pour les sociologues, une caractéristique importante du parent hélicoptère est qu'il est généralement perçu comme un parent « à problèmes » issu de la classe moyenne, et nous suggérons que cette construction de l'origine sociale des défaillances parentales est une question importante à prendre en considération à l'avenir dans les études sur la culture de la parentalité.

The low market participation of smallholder farmers in markets has received enormous attention from scholars, both in the country and the Eastern Cape Province. However, it is not clear how low their market participation is including its implications on farmer's welfare. The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which smallholder farmers in the homelands of the Eastern Cape participate in output markets and assess how their participation in markets has affected wellbeing of their households. This information will have important practical implications for policy regarding appropriate pathways for poverty alleviation and livelihoods improvements in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. Three irrigation schemes; Qamata, Zanyokwe and Tyefu irrigation schemes were selected for this study. A sample of 210 smallholder irrigators were interviewed by means of a close-ended questionnaire. The data were analysed by means of descriptive statistical tools, the multiple-level choice models and the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique. SPSS and STATA computer programmes were used to carry out all the estimations. The analysis established that, although agriculture is the primary activity for rural livelihoods, it is not the main contributor to family income. Rather, remittances and social grants were the dominant sources of household income in the Qamata, Zanyokwe and Tyefu areas. From the standpoint of market, maize and potatoes are the most popular crops, but potatoes dominate the market. This result confirms that maize is the staple crop and therefore mostly grown for home consumption while production of potatoes is market-oriented. The Market Participation Index (MPI) revealed that farmers sell at least 55 percent of their farm produce, implying that farmers have made some transition from subsistence to semi-commercial farming. However, farmers' priority still remains food self-sufficiency and market participation only takes place after satisfying their home food needs. The results revealed that the significant factors influencing the farmers' decisions and their extent of participation in output markets were the age, gender, marital status of the household head, primary occupation of household head, size of farm cultivated, government financial support, access to extension services and farmer's membership of cooperatives. Concerning the impact of output market participation on welfare of smallholders, the Average Treatment on the Treated (ATT) as the measure of change revealed that participation in output markets has a positive impact on welfare of the smallholder farmers through increased incomes. Farmers who participated in output market were at least R838.44 better off than those who did not participate in markets although social grants and remittances made significantly higher contribution to household welfare. The study suggests that despite some improvements in income of market participants, the standards of living of the rural households are still far from what would be considered optimal. Crop farming evidently contributes less than desired, hence the persistence of the widespread poverty. It is urgent to focus interventions on improving agricultural productivity while widening strategies for improving rural livelihoods beyond agriculture to diversify the choices open to rural dwellers. ; Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021

This doctoral thesis aims to analyse one of the less known aspects of Baltic transition: the evolution of their foreign policy between receptors and donors of foreign assistance through transnational patronage (1985-2013). In line with the constructivist school of thought, we observe how the concept of political identity and solidarity changes, redefines itself towards the Other and the perception that the latter has on the Self. Notwithstanding the changes in this identity, some continuities seem to persist: The rapprochment with Eastern Europe over the past ten years could viewed as one of the priorities of the Baltic States but it also stems from the desire of these States to become and to be considered as "fully" European. This thesis sheds some light over the two dimensions of this solidarity: the political solidarity and support on the one hand, and its implementation through technical assistance to reforms and trainings of Georgian, Ukrainian and Moldovan elites, on the other hand. In order to better observe how the solidarity is expressed, this study attempts to understand the different logics of the Baltics solidarity, to identify different actors and networks involved. In an interdisciplinary approach intersecting the mechanisms of PTS and the historical and comparative approach, this study takes then focuses on the processes and methods of the implementation, the role of the actors "donors" and their interaction with their partners. It concludes that Baltic States diffuse and share with the Eastern neighbours of EU mostly their own experience inspired from the Nordic States' patronage action towards the Baltics during the 1990. ; Cette thèse a pour ambition d'analyser un aspect encore mal connu de la transition postsoviétique des États baltes : l'évolution d'une politique étrangère placée entre récepteurs et donneurs d'assistance étrangère au prisme de l'action de parrainage transnational. Nous observons, dans une approche constructiviste, la transformation et la redéfinition des concepts d'identité ...

The dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo, who ruled the Dominican Republic from 1930 until his assassination in 1961, was one of the longest and bloodiest in Latin American history. The Dictator's Seduction is a cultural history of the Trujillo regime as it was experienced in the capital city of Santo Domingo. Focusing on everyday forms of state domination, Lauren Derby describes how the regime infiltrated civil society by fashioning a "vernacular politics" based on popular idioms of masculinity and fantasies of race and class mobility. Derby argues that the most pernicious aspect of the dictatorship was how it appropriated quotidian practices such as gossip and gift exchange, leaving almost no place for Dominicans to hide or resist.
Drawing on previously untapped documents in the Trujillo National Archives and interviews with Dominicans who recall life under the dictator, Derby emphasizes the role that public ritual played in Trujillo's exercise of power. His regime included the people in affairs of state on a massive scale as never before. Derby pays particular attention to how events and projects were received by the public as she analyzes parades and rallies, the rebuilding of Santo Domingo following a major hurricane, and the staging of a year-long celebration marking the twenty-fifth year of Trujillo's regime. She looks at representations of Trujillo, exploring how claims that he embodied the popular barrio antihero the tíguere (tiger) stoked a fantasy of upward mobility and how a rumor that he had a personal guardian angel suggested he was uniquely protected from his enemies. The Dictator's Seduction sheds new light on the cultural contrivances of autocratic power.

"Dialogue as a Means of Collective Communication offers a cross-disciplinary approach to examining dialogue as a communicative medium. Presented in five parts, the book takes the reader on a journey of exploring the power and potential of dialogue as a means for communication. In particular, this volume comes at a time when the global society's attention has been directed to creating more productive conversations in the name of world peace and harmony. It provides a unique new work on dialogue that brings the reader into a ""dialogue with dialogue"", offering an opportunity to understand the communicative potential of dialogue. In the book, readers are introduced to five sections: Section I examines the historical and cultural perspectives of conversation. This examination helps to create a foundation for a deeper study of the emergent and salient aspects of conversation as it relates to cultural creativity and human systems design. Sections II offers the reader an examination of dialogue through different philosophical and theoretical perspectives as well as methodological ideas related to conversation. Section III explores different modalities of conversation and the application of design conversation within and across various types of design settings and human experiences. Section IV examines the field of practice as related to use of different forms of conversation. Here various authors will share their different approaches to conversation and their reflections and insights in using conversation in a variety of settings. Concluding the book, Section V reflectively examines the authors' contributions to the book and provides the reader with a focus on the future."

1. Introduction: African Secondary City Food Systems in Context -- Part 1: Food System Actors, Concepts and Governance -- 2. Understanding Secondary City Typologies: A Food Governance Lens -- 3. Practice Theory and Informal Urban Livelihoods in M'Bour, Senegal: A Case Study of Urban Cultivation -- 4. Co-Productive Urban Planning: Protecting and Expanding Food Security in Uganda's Secondary Cities -- 5. The Role of the Informal Sector in Epworth's Food System, Zimbabwe -- 6. The Enabling Environment for Informal Food Traders in Nigeria's Secondary Cities -- 7. Secondary Cities and Urban Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Part 2: Food Security, Poverty & Livelihoods -- 8. Spatial Characteristics of Urban Food Systems and Food Retailers in Smaller Urban Areas -- 9. Food Insecurity, Food Sourcing and Food Coping Strategies in the O-O-O Urban Corridor, Namibia -- 10. Analysing Diet Composition and Food Insecurity by Socio-Economic Status in Secondary African Cities -- 11. Household Dietary Patterns and Food Security Challenges in Peri-Urban South Africa: A Reflection of High Unemployment in the Wake of Rising Food Prices -- 12. "We eat everyday but I'm perpetually hungry": Interrogating Food System Transformation and (Forced) Dietary Changes in Tamale, Ghana -- 13. Understanding Food Security and Hunger in Xai-Xai, Mozambique -- Part 3: Environments, Linkages and Mobilities -- 14. Hunger in an Agricultural City: Exploring Vulnerability in Dschang, Cameroon -- 15. Non-Timber Forest Products in Cameroon's Food System and the Impact of Climate Change on Food Security in Dschang -- 16. Accessibility of Sanitary Facilities Among Food Sellers in African Secondary Cities: Implications for Food Safety and Urban Planning Policies -- 17. Migrant Remittances and Household Food Security in Mzuzu, Malawi -- 18. Rural-Urban Migrants in Mzuzu's Informal Food Trading System -- 19. Rent as Ransom: Lodging and Food Security in Gweru, Zimbabwe. .

From a devoted reader and lifelong bookseller, an eloquent and charming reflection on the singular importance of bookstoresDo we need bookstores in the twenty-first century? If so, what makes a good one? In this beautifully written book, Jeff Deutsch—the director of Chicago's Seminary Co-op Bookstores, one of the finest bookstores in the world—pays loving tribute to one of our most important and endangered civic institutions. He considers how qualities like space, time, abundance, and community find expression in a good bookstore. Along the way, he also predicts—perhaps audaciously—a future in which the bookstore not only endures, but realizes its highest aspirations.In exploring why good bookstores matter, Deutsch draws on his lifelong experience as a bookseller, but also his upbringing as an Orthodox Jew. This spiritual and cultural heritage instilled in him a reverence for reading, not as a means to a living, but as an essential part of a meaningful life. Central among Deutsch's arguments for the necessity of bookstores is the incalculable value of browsing—since, when we are deep in the act of looking at the shelves, we move through space as though we are inside the mind itself, immersed in self-reflection.In the age of one-click shopping, this is no ordinary defense of bookstores, but rather an urgent account of why they are essential places of discovery, refuge, and fulfillment—and how they enrich the communities that are lucky enough to have them

This open access book presents religious literacy as the main explanatory factor when dealing with certain ethnic groups that attract stereotypes which gloss over other personal factors such as age, class, gender and cultural differences. It discusses freedom of religion, and the Christian revival movement. It examines religious literacy and religious diversity in multi-faith schools. It looks into the role of Mosques and Islamic divorce. Finally, it discusses the prevention of violent radicalization and extremism in Finland. Using recent data on Finnish secular society, the book promotes a new understanding which is needed with respect to popular and media portrayal of religion, or with respect to public discussion about religion. It addresses actors in civic society, public servants and higher education.