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The purpose of this report is to review and disseminate lessons learned from domestically financed forestry programs in China and from those programs financed by international organizations, and to recommend best practices on sustainable forest management. Projects covered by the review include those supported by the World Bank (the Bank), the German Corporation for International Cooperation (GIZ), Kreditanstalt Fur Wiederaufbeau (KfW), and those financed by the Government of China. In addition to conclusions on the most promising models for sustainable forest management (SFM), the review presents an overview of the main sources of financing for SFM and recommendations on what needs to be done to strengthen financial support for SFM. Forests play a key role in the conservation and protection of a wide range of ecosystems, including water courses, watersheds, wetlands, drylands, and deserts. They also serve important functions in conserving on-farm ecosystems, grasslands, and urban environments. Such is the importance of global forest ecosystems that they are often called the 'the lungs of the Earth,' the 'kidneys of the Earth,' or the 'immune system of the Earth.' They are also regarded as pivotal in stabilizing terrestrial ecosystems by balancing and offsetting changes in global dynamics that adversely affect terrestrial ecosystems, such as the sequestration of carbon dioxide.

We all know history and astronomy are two different areas of knowledge. Nonetheless, both work with time, as they question a past that is gone forever. Astronomy does so with starlight; history does it with ancient –or old- documents. Moreover, astronomy has its own temporality, as it has changed throughout time, even if we reflect on the last decades. In the light of this, fifty years have passed since ESO's inauguration; therefore this commemoration gives us an advantage to think of the relationship between international astronomy and Chile. History can illuminate ESO's past, letting us understand how this organization settled here and contributed to what astronomy is today in the country. On the other side, ESO's history can show us a different perspective on Chilean recent past, and we can visit these past five decades through the eyes of science. We can situate this story at a crossroads: by bringing together the history of science, technology, politics, international relations, and culture we can begin to understand this surprising and extraordinary story of ESO, Chile and astronomy. As time does not stop its course, being aware of this story can enhance our ability to understand we are still writing part of the history of astronomy.

In English: [Shevchenko Valentina V. (2018) The reform of the higher education of Ukraine in the conditions of the military-political crisis / International Journal of Educational Development (ISSN 0738-0593, eISSN 1873-4871),65, pp. 237-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2018.08.009 and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2617328]. Ukraine is going through the consequences of the 2013 revolution and the ongoing hybrid war with the Russian Federation. The quality of life of Ukrainians has decreased, the basic economic indicators have deteriorated, the infrastructure, including educational institutions, has suffered, the level of education has fallen. But the crisis accelerated social reforms, including reform of the higher education system. The reform of Ukrainian high education follows the Bologna model, is conducted slowly, inconsistently, without a clear strategic plan and roadmap, carries the risks of destroying the old system without building a new better one in return. Universities are not provided autonomy, curricula require significant changes, and the system for making such changes is more flexible. Efforts are needed to preserve the attractiveness of Ukraine for international students. The reform of the system of higher education in Ukraine is an indispensable condition for the country to exit the crisis. Keywords: higher engineering education, training of foreign students, Ukraine, reform of education, Bologna process, аutonomy of universities.

India has been considered as a hub for conducting various multi centre trials, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), headed by the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI), lays down the regulations for the conduct of clinical trials in India. This trend has but changed from 2011 when most of the trials are being outsourced to other countries like China and Philippines. The conduct of trials, regulations in India and quality of data generated may be the cause for this development. Updating our knowledge about these is of utmost importance in today turbulent scenario that prevails in the pharmaceutical industry. The path was smooth until 2011, when a dramatic drop in conducting and delivering the international Randomized controlled trials (RCT) outsourced to India was noticed. According to certain calculations, this drop is up to 50%. At the same time international outsourcing of RCTs to China, Russia and Philippines has increased. In a pursuit to find an answer to this drastic decline, the conduct of trials, ethics, regulatory environment and the quality of data, all are challenged. This review focuses on the changes in regulatory aspects introduced subsequently and their impact on clinical trials in India. Some proposals of amendment in D and C rules have been approved by Drug Technical Advisory Board (DTAB).

Golubyatnikov N. I., Bakhmutzan O. Yu., Borisenko O. I., Omaidze N. O. PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGical SUPERVISION OF TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN AREAS OF RISK. ВІСНИК МОРСЬКОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ. 2019;2(83):7-11. ISSN 0049-6804. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3267013 http://www.herald.com.ua UDК 614.449 PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGical SUPERVISION OF TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN AREAS OF RISK N. I. Golubyatnikov, O. Yu. Bakhmutzan, O. I. Borisenko, N. O. Omaidze State Enterprise "Laboratory centre of Ministry of Health Care of Ukraine on the water transport" e-mail: nymba.od@gmail.com. Summary Considering that at the interstate borders of Ukraine, maritime entry points cooperate with subjects of different jurisdictions, shipping links cover epidemic dangerous countries of the world, the decision on disease vector surveillance and control in ports, airports and land transport hubs is seen in the proper implementation of the recommendations of the International Health Regulations (2005). In Ukrainian legislation, it is necessary urgently to develop guidelines and make them obligatory in the fight against dangerous infectious diseases that are transmitted by rodents. Key words: International Health Regulations (2005), Guidelines for Surveillance of Disease Vector Control and Fight at Ports, Airports and Ground Transportation Hubs, dangerous infectious diseases that are transmitted by rodents.

Diplomatic asylum continues having many loopholes in international law. It is a complex figure because of the several politic elements which characterize it. However, practice is plentiful: Whether under the name of humanitarian protection or diplomatic asylum in a strict sense. The purpose of this study is to highlight the practice of States when granting political persecuted persons. The former compels to reflect on the political nature of diplomatic asylum, the sovereignty of States or the possible recognition of diplomatic asylum in the international order even as a Human Right. Contradictions of States regarding diplomatic asylum require address a detailed legal regulation. ; El asilo diplomático sigue colmado de lagunas en el Derecho internacional. Se trata de una figura compleja por los numerosos elementos políticos que la caracterizan. La práctica, sin embargo, es abundante. Ya sea bajo la denominación de protección humanitaria o de asilo diplomático en sentido estricto. El objetivo de este estudio es resaltar la práctica de los Estados a la hora de conceder acogida a perseguidos políticos. Esto supone reflexionar sobre la naturaleza política del asilo diplomático, la soberanía de los Estados, su posible reconocimiento en el orden internacional e, incluso, como derecho fundamental. Las contradicciones de los Estados en materia de asilo diplomático exigen que se aborde una detallada regulación jurídica.

ABSTRACTThe Convention is a basic rule that arises, in the practice of state administration in the form of a collection of norms accepted by society and government in general, as well as rules of state behavior that are based not on law but on constitutional practices that are repeated, and accepted as a law to fill legal vacuum in international relations. (1) How is the Prevention of Money Laundering According to the 2000 Palermo Convention? (2) How is the Implementation of the 2000 Palermo Convention on Money Laundering in Indonesia? The research method used in this study is the method of writing normative law. Sources of data use secondary data, which consists of secondary legal materials, primary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques are with Document Studies then analyzed qualitatively. Research Results 1) Prevention of Money Laundering Arrangements According to the Palermo Convention, international efforts to prevent money laundering occur when developed countries that are members of the G-7 countries agree on the establishment of a Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering. 2) Implementation of the 2000 Palermo Convention on Money Laundering in Indonesia, Indonesia fulfills the criteria demanded by the FATF for the continuity of law enforcement in Indonesia, so Indonesia makes Law Number 5 of 2009 concerning Money Laundering. Keywords: Palermo Convention, Money Laundering, Implementation________________________________________________________

International audience The Chinese government has implemented a new public diplomacy strategy that highlights the interpersonal dimension of the relationship to change the controversial image of its presence in Africa. Narratives involving interpersonal relationships are used by Chinese media's Twitter platforms to endorse the latest political statement on China-Africa Community of shared future for mankind. By studying the different discursive practices of Chinese media, which are seen as the government's or the party's spokespersons, towards international target audiences on Twitter, this article attempts to show how Beijing mobilizes interpersonal relationships in its public diplomacy through social media. ; En vue de modifier l'image controversée de sa présence en Afrique, le gouvernement chinois a mis en œuvre une nouvelle stratégie de diplomatie publique qui place en avant la dimension interpersonnelle de la relation. Les récits englobant des relations interpersonnelles sont mobilisés par les relais médiatiques chinois dans Twitter pour soutenir l'argument récemment convoqué dans la stratégie chinoise d'une communauté Chine-Afrique de destin. En examinant les différentes pratiques discursives des médias chinois, qui sont considérés comme porte-parole gouvernementaux et partisans, envers leurs publics cibles sur Twitter, cet article étudie la manière dont Pékin mobilise des relations interpersonnelles dans sa diplomatie publique par le biais des médias sociaux.

Abstract The role of the country, either home or host, in firms' internationalization has been widely analysed in the International Business field. A large number of studies have shown that home country shapes many aspects of firms' internationalization processes such as investment decisions, location selections, and entry modes. However, these studies mainly focus on the firms' foreign expansion. Little is known about the relations between firms' home country and reshoring processes. This paper aims to analyse whether and how reshoring projects are different across countries, thereby further exploring the underlying home country-related factors contributing to reshoring peculiarities. By using a dataset including 529 cross-industry reshoring projects developed by companies headquartered in five countries (i.e., US, Germany, UK, France, and Italy), the study shows that these projects differ in terms of industry, entry mode, firm size and motivations. Thus, reshoring turns out to be a phenomenon where each country has its own peculiarities. The research further sheds light on the possible institutional, cultural/cognitive and industry/resource-related factors underlying these specificities. This study contributes to both reshoring and international business literature by highlighting how reshoring differs across countries. It also provides policy and managerial implications, at a time when several governments are considering the economic and employment potential of this phenomenon.

Grundidee dieser Arbeit ist die Annahme, dass kein Finanzsystem auf Dauer funktionieren kann, wenn es nicht über ein funktionierendes Insolvenzrecht verfügt. Für Privatpersonen und Unternehmen gibt es bereits seit Jahrtausenden entsprechende Mechanismen und Regeln. Wie die Historie und insbesondere die jüngste Krise zeigen, können aber auch Souveräne zahlungsunfähig werden. Gegenwärtig gibt es aber noch kein abgeschlossenes Reglement, welches den Insolvenzfall eines staatlichen Schuldners regelt. Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung, welche Lösungsansätze es zur Bewältigung von staatlichen Schuldenkrisen gibt bzw welcher davon das größte Umsetzungspotential hat. Abschließend werden weitere völkerrechtlichen Überlegungen in Zusammenhang mit dem Staatsbankrott gebracht. Dabei werden Aspekte des Völkervertragsrechts, Staatsnotstandes und der Menschenrechte mit der Staateninsolvenz in Verbindung gebracht. ; The basic idea of this work is the assumption that no financial system can function permanently if it does not have a functioning bankruptcy law. For private individuals and companies, mechanisms and rules have been in place for millennia. As the history and in particular the recent crisis showed, sovereigns can also become insolvent. At the moment, however, there are still no regulations that manage the insolvency case of a sovereign debtor. Subject of this book is the investigation, which solutions are available for the management of sovereign debt crises and which of them has the largest implementation potential. Finally, further international considerations are brought in connection with the souvereign bankruptcy. Aspects of international treaty law, state emergency and human rights are associated with state insolvency. ; verfasst von Christoph Arneitz ; Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Diplomarbeit, 2019 ; (VLID)3869286

The peace negotiations that ended the 1992–95 war in Bosnia-Herzegovina established a constitutional system of ethnic power-sharing that satisfied its signatories (the presidents of Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia) enough for war to cease and provided for international military and civilian peacebuilding to play a significant role in post-conflict Bosnia's governance and economy. This indefinite peacebuilding mission, still ongoing in a downsized form, depended – like any other form of intervention where foreigners work across linguistic boundaries – on interlinguistic mediation by locally-recruited translators/interpreters, an aspect of knowledge production that even current peace and conflict research into peacebuilding's micropolitics often neglects. On an individual level, locally-recruited interpreters' frequently-overlooked agency was integral to peacebuilding practice. Yet theorising their agency must also acknowledge the macrosocial level, where the post-war constitutional system has often been argued to have stripped Bosnians of political agency, since it foreclosed political participation as anything but an ethnic subject corresponding to the three institutionalised ethnic identities (Bosniak, Croat or Serb). The entrenched and growing disconnect between political elites and the public, expressed through social protest in 2014, foregrounds the problem of agency and dis/empowerment in Bosnian society more sharply than research on the politics of translation/interpreting and peacebuilding in Bosnia before 2014 took into account, yet reveals further articulations of how international peacebuilding and domestic political contestation were intertwined.

The article outlines the problem of anti-corruption education in Ukraine in general and the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine in particular. Peculiar attention is paid to the activities of the Research Center of National University of Defense of Ukraine of preventing corruption problems in the defense and security sector, to the implementation of the anti-corruption course into the studying process, as well as to organization and conduction of international anti-corruption week. The article describes the anti-corruption education as an integral part of anti-corruption awareness training of military personnel where the achievement of certain results is possible only through integrated and comprehensive approach. The article also highlights the principal approaches of MoD and the Armed Forces aimed at developing in subordinate staff, officials and future officers the integrity and zero tolerance towards corruption.The article mentions the positive experience gained from the involvement of international financial and advisory assistance towards the development of anti-corruption education in the Ministry and its subordinate institutions. ; У статті висвітлено проблему антикорупційної освіти в Україні загалом та у Міністерстві оборони України зокрема. Акцептовано увагу на діяльність наукового центру проблем запобігання корупції у секторі безпеки та оборони Національного університету оборони України імені Івана Черняховського, впровадження до навчального процесу курсу з питань запобігання корупції, проведення міжнародного антикорупційного тижня.

The theme of terrorism has been a subject of global discussion since the attacks presented during September 11 of 2001 in the United States, making whit this a change in the international criminal policy, which is based since that moment in fight this crime. However, in Colombia the theme of terrorism came since a long time ago, and for that reason is necessary to check how this crime have been contemplated in our legislation and the changes that have suffered due the several international treaties about the subject. The present study tries to contemplate the stipulated about the terrorism and if this corresponds with the reality of our State. ; El tema del terrorismo ha sido objeto de discusión mundial desde aquellos ataques presentados el 11 de septiembre de 2001 en los Estados Unidos, generando con esto un cambio en la política criminal internacional la cual se basa desde ese instante en combatir este delito. Sin embargo, en Colombia el tema del terrorismo viene de mucho tiempo atrás, por lo cual es necesario verificar como ha sido contemplado este delito en nuestra legislación y los cambios que ha sufrido por los diversos acuerdos internacionales sobre el tema. El presente estudio trata de poder contemplar lo estipulado sobre el terrorismo y si esto corresponde con la realidad de nuestro Estado

The advantages that some military establishments have enjoyed in the remote Arctic region are diminishing. The military secrets of the Arctic Ocean are being progressively uncloaked, as civilian polar research expands into areas previously known only to a few. This study examines the security ramifications of broadened international research into what has been the most inhospitable and exclusive operational area on Earth. Firstly, the study argues that successful military operations in the Arctic depend on extended knowledge about area-specific issues related to e.g. the upper atmosphere and magnetosphere, weather, sea ice, ocean structure and dynamics, seafloor bathymetry and sediments, as well as reliable target detection systems. Secondly, it finds that a number of nations, both Arctic and non-Arctic, have stepped up their polar research in recent years. Secrets once held by a few are now accessible to many through international cooperation, data-sharing and open-access publishing. Finally, the study concludes that knowledge proliferation is likely to level the Arctic battlefield. Lending terms from Mica Endsley's three-level Situation Awareness model, polar research will result in increasingly shared perceptions about the Arctic operational environment, contribute to a more uniform comprehension of the elements, and even enable new actors to project a future state of the Arctic environment. ; publishedVersion

Despite being a very common and relatively safe procedure, abortion is subjected to extensive regulation, worldwide. Using the framework of human rights, this thesis critically engages with national legislative responses—considered to be 'good abortion laws'—, to assess the extent to which they comply with states' international obligations. This study grapples with the instrumental and constructive approach of the law, insofar as the law impacts both the enjoyment of sexual and reproductive health (by restricting access to abortion), and the regulation of the procedure in ways that foster stereotyped ideas about women's roles in society. It also engages with human rights in their dual role: as a regulation of states' powers (as a limit to, and framework for, states' legislative choices on abortion), and as a challenge to the structures of thought that drive inequalities (the eradication of gender stereotypes, reflected in and perpetuated by the abortion laws). This dissertation concludes that certain models for abortion law, which are widely praised and featured as liberal, often fail to comply with human rights. By critically analysing the 'requirements' set by these laws, and the stereotypes that emerge from parliamentary debates, this thesis unveils the myriad of human rights violations that often go unseen, and are currently inadequately addressed under international human rights law.