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TEKS (Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills): (1) History. The student understands that historical events influence contemporary events. The student is expected to: (A) trace characteristics of various contemporary societies in regions that resulted from historical events or factors such as colonization, immigration, and trade; and (B) analyze the historical background of various contemporary societies to evaluate relationships between past conflicts and current conditions. (2) History. The student understands the influences of individuals and groups from various cultures on various historical and contemporary societies. The student is expected to: (A) identify and describe the historical influence of individuals or groups on various contemporary societies; and (B) describe the social, political, economic, and cultural contributions of individuals and groups from various societies, past and present. (3) Geography. The student understands the factors that influence the locations and characteristics of locations of various contemporary societies on maps and/or globes. The student is expected to: (A) identify and explain the geographic factors responsible for patterns of population in places and regions; (B) explain ways in which human migration influences the character of places and regions (4) Geography. The student understands how geographic factors influence the economic development and political relationships of societies. The student is expected to: (A) explain the geographic factors responsible for the location of economic activities in places and regions; and (B) identify geographic factors such as location, physical features, transportation corridors and barriers, and distribution of natural resources that influence a society's political relationships. (5) Geography. The student understands the impact of interactions between people and the physical environment on the development and conditions of places and regions. The student is expected to: (B) identify and analyze ways people have adapted to the physical environment in various places and regions; and (C) identify and analyze ways people have modified the physical environment such as mining, irrigation, and transportation infrastructure. (6) Economics. The student understands the factors of production in a society's economy. The student is expected to: (A) describe ways in which the factors of production (natural resources, labor, capital, and entrepreneurs influence the economies of various contemporary societies; (B) identify problems that may arise when one or more of the factors of production is in relatively short supply; Lesson objective(s): 1.Students will be able to apply main ideas, key terms, and places by completing questions, analysis and discussion related to Nuevo Santander 2. Students will be able to retell, define compare and summarize main ideas, key terms and places related to Nuevo Santander 3.Students will be able to locate Nuevo Santander Geographically Differentiation strategies to meet diverse learner needs: Differentiation strategies to meet diverse learner needs:

The largest diasporic exodus fanning out of mainland China took place in the context of the immense turmoil, turbulence, suffering, and pauperization of the masses from late 19th to early 20th centuries. Today, over 24 million diasporic Chinese and ethnic Chinese are spread across Southeast Asia in Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar and Laos, Indonesia, and Timor-Lester. The first generation (G1) diasporic Chinese came to Southeast Asia with the mentality of sojourners because their emigration was self-imposed and for survival, fueled by the astounding historical, social, political, and economic circumstances of the times. Giving and generosity naturally follows back to motherland; it was focused on "giving back to China and loyalty to motherland". The longstanding heritage in these cultures holds strength in the ethos of the "heart" when it comes to beneficence and philanthropy.The next generation (G2 now born outside of China) began to recognize that the success of their family businesses was dependent on resources, access to networks, and social norms of these local communities, outside of China. We begin to see flexibility in identifying with local communities since their stakes as Nationals are now becoming evident. After WWII, and the realities of a closed-door policy in China from 1949-1978, their vision of retiring back in China became less and less viable. It forced many already outside of China to shed their sojourner mentality.Impulses of the "heart" are soon quickly checked by rational prudence of the "head". In the lands they have just adopted as their new homes, they quickly assimilate, advocate, and find resources for their own survival – including continued re-migration until families found the most suitable location to settle. Naturally, this leads to multiple loyalties over a lifetime. To assimilate and optically appear to be "local", their philanthropy is often used as a platform to affirm their identity as Nationals. Without the "motherland memory" to fall back on, future generations will likely reduce their giving to their parents' country of origin.More recently, globalization, information/digital age, social media have all converged to redefine human connectivity, ease of travel, social-political dynamics, and more. Entities in the diasporic world are now hybridized – thriving on flexible identities and multiple loyalties. Current generations from the original diasporic Chinese are now more "transnational" Chinese than diasporic.However, this hybridity is contextual or versatile in different social settings. As they become westernized or secular in lifestyle, education, ethos, and religion, there will come the time when they cease to "give back" to their parents' or grandparents' homeland. Their choices in philanthropy follows the contextual mutation of their own Chineseness and evolution of flexible identities and multiple loyalties through religion, lifestyles, ethics, worldviews, and localized social norms.

Introduction: Child maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect and exposure to domestic violence) is widely understood to be associated with multiple mental health disorders, physical health problems and health risk behaviours throughout life. However, Australia lacks fundamental evidence about the prevalence and characteristics of child maltreatment, its associations with mental disorders and physical health, and the associated burden of disease. These evidence gaps impede the development of public health strategies to better prevent and respond to child maltreatment. The aims of this research are to generate the first comprehensive population-based national data on the prevalence of child maltreatment in Australia, identify associations with mental disorders and physical health conditions and other adverse consequences, estimate attributable burden of disease and indicate targeted areas for future optimal public health prevention strategies. Methods and analysis: The Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS) is a nationwide, cross-sectional study of Australia's population aged 16 years and over. A survey of approximately 10 000 Australians will capture retrospective self-reported data on the experience in childhood of all five types of maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect and exposure to domestic violence). A customised, multimodule survey instrument has been designed to obtain information including: the prevalence and characteristics of these experiences; diagnostic screening of common mental health disorders; physical health; health risk behaviours and health service utilisation. The survey will be administered in March–November 2021 to a random sample of the nationwide population, recruited through mobile phone numbers. Participants will be surveyed using computer-assisted telephone interviews, conducted by trained interviewers from the Social Research Centre, an agency with extensive experience in studies of health and adversity. Rigorous protocols protect the safety of both participants and interviewers, and comply with all ethical and legal requirements. Analysis will include descriptive statistics reporting the prevalence of individual and multitype child maltreatment, multiple logistic and linear regression analyses to determine associations with mental disorders and physical health problems. We will calculate the population attributable fractions of these putative outcomes to enable an estimation of the disease burden attributable to child maltreatment. Ethics and dissemination: The study has been approved by the Queensland University of Technology Human Research Ethics Committee (#1900000477, 16 August 2019). Results will be published to the scientific community in peer-reviewed journals, scientific meetings and through targeted networks. Findings and recommendations will be shared with government policymakers and community and organisational stakeholders through diverse engagement activities, a dedicated Advisory Board and a systematic knowledge translation strategy. Results will be communicated to the public through an organised media strategy and the ACMS website.

Human mobility is a contemporary phenomenon typical of the globalized era and the arrival of Venezuelan migrants to various countries of the Southern Cone is a novel part of this process. Because it is a premature manifestation, on which there is a wide vacancy area, the case is explored from the recent local history of Cordoba, Argentina. We analyze the migrant journeys experienced in the period 2000-2017, a situation that began with the consolidation of the field of migration studies until the approval of the Decree of Necessity and Urgency 70/2017, under the government of Mauricio Macri. The operational hypothesis that guides this exploration seeks to stress the representations of common sense that maintain that the causes of population emigration are due to the authoritarianism of the Venezuelan government regime and economic scarcity. The antecedents of the passage of Venezuelans through Colombia, Peru, Uruguay and Chile are detailed, based on studies already carried out, expanding the perspective from a Latin American perspective towards the Southern Cone, in discussion with methodological nationalism. Then some antecedents of migratory studies in Argentina and Cordoba are exposed, particularly. The field work carried out in Cordoba collects testimonial voices of Venezuelan migrants, based on theoretical-methodological tools of Oral History, typical of recent local history. ; La movilidad humana es un fenómeno contemporáneo propio de la era globalizada y la llegada de migrantes venezolanos a varios países del Cono Sur es una parte novedosa de este proceso. Por tratarse de una manifestación prematura, sobre la cual hay una amplia área de vacancia, se explora el caso desde la historia reciente local de Córdoba, Argentina. Analizamos los trayectos migrantes vividos en el período 2000-2017, una coyuntura que inició con la consolidación del campo de los estudios migratorios hasta la sanción del Decreto de Necesidad y Urgencia 70/2017, bajo el gobierno de Mauricio Macri. La hipótesis operativa que guía esta exploración busca tensionar las representaciones del sentido común que sostienen que las causas de la emigración de población se deben al autoritarismo del régimen de gobierno venezolano y la escasez económica. Se detallan los antecedentes del paso de venezolanos por Colombia, Perú, Uruguay y Chile, a partir de estudios ya realizados, ampliando la perspectiva desde una mirada latinoamericana hacia el Cono Sur, en discusión con el nacionalismo metodológico. Luego se exponen algunos antecedentes de estudios migratorios en Argentina y Córdoba, particularmente. El trabajo de campo realizado en Córdoba recoge voces testimoniales de migrantes venezolanos, en base a herramientas teórico-metodológicas de la Historia Oral, propias de la historia reciente local.

Introduction: Child maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect and exposure to domestic violence) is widely understood to be associated with multiple mental health disorders, physical health problems and health risk behaviours throughout life. However, Australia lacks fundamental evidence about the prevalence and characteristics of child maltreatment, its associations with mental disorders and physical health, and the associated burden of disease. These evidence gaps impede the development of public health strategies to better prevent and respond to child maltreatment. The aims of this research are to generate the first comprehensive population-based national data on the prevalence of child maltreatment in Australia, identify associations with mental disorders and physical health conditions and other adverse consequences, estimate attributable burden of disease and indicate targeted areas for future optimal public health prevention strategies. Methods and analysis: The Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS) is a nationwide, cross-sectional study of Australia's population aged 16 years and over. A survey of approximately 10 000 Australians will capture retrospective self-reported data on the experience in childhood of all five types of maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect and exposure to domestic violence). A customised, multimodule survey instrument has been designed to obtain information including: the prevalence and characteristics of these experiences; diagnostic screening of common mental health disorders; physical health; health risk behaviours and health service utilisation. The survey will be administered in March–November 2021 to a random sample of the nationwide population, recruited through mobile phone numbers. Participants will be surveyed using computer-assisted telephone interviews, conducted by trained interviewers from the Social Research Centre, an agency with extensive experience in studies of health and adversity. Rigorous protocols protect the safety of both participants and interviewers, and comply with all ethical and legal requirements. Analysis will include descriptive statistics reporting the prevalence of individual and multitype child maltreatment, multiple logistic and linear regression analyses to determine associations with mental disorders and physical health problems. We will calculate the population attributable fractions of these putative outcomes to enable an estimation of the disease burden attributable to child maltreatment. Ethics and dissemination: The study has been approved by the Queensland University of Technology Human Research Ethics Committee (#1900000477, 16 August 2019). Results will be published to the scientific community in peer-reviewed journals, scientific meetings and through targeted networks. Findings and recommendations will be shared with government policymakers and community and organisational stakeholders through diverse engagement activities, a dedicated Advisory Board and a systematic knowledge translation strategy. Results will be communicated to the public through an organised media strategy and the ACMS website.

Human mobility is a contemporary phenomenon typical of the globalized era and the arrival of Venezuelan migrants to various countries of the Southern Cone is a novel part of this process. Because it is a premature manifestation, on which there is a wide vacancy area, the case is explored from the recent local history of Cordoba, Argentina. We analyze the migrant journeys experienced in the period 2000-2017, a situation that began with the consolidation of the field of migration studies until the approval of the Decree of Necessity and Urgency 70/2017, under the government of Mauricio Macri. The operational hypothesis that guides this exploration seeks to stress the representations of common sense that maintain that the causes of population emigration are due to the authoritarianism of the Venezuelan government regime and economic scarcity. The antecedents of the passage of Venezuelans through Colombia, Peru, Uruguay and Chile are detailed, based on studies already carried out, expanding the perspective from a Latin American perspective towards the Southern Cone, in discussion with methodological nationalism. Then some antecedents of migratory studies in Argentina and Cordoba are exposed, particularly. The field work carried out in Cordoba collects testimonial voices of Venezuelan migrants, based on theoretical-methodological tools of Oral History, typical of recent local history. ; La movilidad humana es un fenómeno contemporáneo propio de la era globalizada y la llegada de migrantes venezolanos a varios países del Cono Sur es una parte novedosa de este proceso. Por tratarse de una manifestación prematura, sobre la cual hay una amplia área de vacancia, se explora el caso desde la historia reciente local de Córdoba, Argentina. Analizamos los trayectos migrantes vividos en el período 2000-2017, una coyuntura que inició con la consolidación del campo de los estudios migratorios hasta la sanción del Decreto de Necesidad y Urgencia 70/2017, bajo el gobierno de Mauricio Macri. La hipótesis operativa que guía esta exploración busca tensionar las representaciones del sentido común que sostienen que las causas de la emigración de población se deben al autoritarismo del régimen de gobierno venezolano y la escasez económica. Se detallan los antecedentes del paso de venezolanos por Colombia, Perú, Uruguay y Chile, a partir de estudios ya realizados, ampliando la perspectiva desde una mirada latinoamericana hacia el Cono Sur, en discusión con el nacionalismo metodológico. Luego se exponen algunos antecedentes de estudios migratorios en Argentina y Córdoba, particularmente. El trabajo de campo realizado en Córdoba recoge voces testimoniales de migrantes venezolanos, en base a herramientas teórico-metodológicas de la Historia Oral, propias de la historia reciente local.

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and Flavobacterium psychrophilum are major pathogens of farmed rainbow trout. Improved control strategies are desired but the influence of on-farm environmental factors that lead to disease outbreaks remain poorly understood. Water reuse is an important environmental factor affecting disease. Prior studies have established a replicated outdoor-tank system capable of varying the exposure to reuse water by controlling water flow from commercial trout production raceways. The goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of constant or pulsed reuse water exposure on survival, pathogen prevalence, and pathogen load. Herein, we compared two commercial lines of rainbow trout, Clear Springs Food (CSF) and Troutex (Tx) that were either vaccinated against IHNV with a DNA vaccine or sham vaccinated. Over a 27-day experimental period in constant reuse water, all fish from both lines and treatments, died while mortality in control fish in spring water was <1%. Water reuse exposure, genetic line, vaccination, and the interaction between genetic line and water exposure affected survival (P<0.05). Compared to all other water sources, fish exposed to constant reuse water had 46- to 710-fold greater risk of death (P<0.0001). Tx fish had a 2.7-fold greater risk of death compared to CSF fish in constant reuse water (P <= 0.001), while risk of death did not differ in spring water (P=0.98). Sham-vaccinated fish had 2.1-fold greater risk of death compared to vaccinated fish (P=0.02). Both IHNV prevalence and load were lower in vaccinated fish compared to sham-vaccinated fish, and unexpectedly, F. psychrophilum load associated with fin/gill tissues from live-sampled fish was lower in vaccinated fish compared to sham-vaccinated fish. As a result, up to forty-five percent of unvaccinated fish were naturally co-infected with F. psychrophilum and IHNV and the coinfected fish exhibited the highest IHNV loads. Under laboratory challenge conditions, co-infection with F. psychrophilum and IHNV overwhelmed IHNV vaccine-induced protection. In summary, we demonstrate that exposure to reuse water or multi-pathogen challenge can initiate complex disease dynamics that can overwhelm both vaccination and host genetic resistance. ; National Institutes of Health EEIDUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R01GM113233]; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA)USDA Agricultural Research Service [1930-32000-006] ; Published version ; This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health EEID [grant number R01GM113233]; and the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [Project number 1930-32000-006 Integrated Research to Improve On-Farm Animal health in Salmonid Aquaculture]. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this paper. ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee

Land degradation is one of the threats to human and natural systems. Fortunately, over the past few decades awareness of this challenge has grown, and 122 countries have committed to setting land degradation neutrality (LDN) targets, of which 84 have officially validated their targets, and 51 have put their targets into legislation. In this concept, LDN is achieved if new degradation is balanced by reversal of degradation elsewhere in the same land type by restoration or rehabilitation. The primary instrument for achieving LDN is through the implementation of sustainable land management (SLM) practices. Because of its multifunctional roles and its sensitivity to land management soil organic carbon (SOC) was selected as one of three indicators for LDN. Compared with the other global LDN indicators, that is, land cover change and land productivity dynamics (LPD) (measured as net primary productivity), SOC is challenging to manage and monitor at large scales. Moreover, SOC density in soils can vary greatly, even on the scale of meters, and fluctuates over time, for example between seasons. Comparative evaluation of SOC change between different SLM options (e.g. for land planning), tracking SOC dynamics through time (i.e. SOC monitoring) and effectively mapping SOC changes at large scales (e.g. for verifying LDN achievement) requires the combination of rigorous soil sampling schemes and the use of software tools/biophysical models for SOC assessment. To provide practical guidance to support the deployment of SLM interventions to maintain or enhance SOC stocks, for LDN and for other objectives such as landbased climate change adaption and/or mitigation a series of decision trees was developed, based on the latest available knowledge. This report reviews and compares available tools and models for SOC estimation. It presents practical guidance for land managers and puts forward policy-oriented proposals. Guidance for land managers emphasizes the selection of SLM practices to maintain or enhance soil organic carbon and achieve LDN. It addresses the choice of SLM practices suited to the local socio-economic and biophysical context; methods for measurement and monitoring of SOC; and the use of tools/ models for SOC assessment to estimate SOC and map SOC, and how to choose an appropriate tool/model according to the purpose. Policy-oriented options include to (i) share the guidance for land managers at the appropriate level; (ii) monitor SOC change as an indicator of SLM intervention to support assessment of LDN achievement in 2030; (iii) apply gender-responsive actions addressing gender-based differences and promote gender equality and women's empowerment; (iv) design a framework for LDN Planning and means to support it.

The current global scenario of hyper-connectivity, technology change, and social change make it necessary to rethink the vision and methods employed by governments, development agencies and the private sector to impulse socioeconomic development through the adoption and application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). We pose that the availability of computing and telecommunications infrastructure, highly converging devices for Internet access and content suited to the population needs and idiosyncrasies are not enough to accomplish long-term socio-economic development. The method employed in this contribution is focused on the principles of complex adaptive systems. The objective is to develop an operational framework to support the planning and design of digital inclusion projects integrally. The proposed framework emerges from the application of two complexity perspectives: Organized Complexity and Post-Normal Science. We argue that it is key to study the interplay of innovation, development, and ICT for each particular context to acquire deeper insights and understanding of the elements, both human and technological, affecting the dynamics and long term sustainability of digital inclusion initiatives, particularly in the era of Artificial Intelligence and related emergent technologies. ; Abramson, B. D., 2006. Word matters: Multicultural perspectives on information societies‐by Alain Ambrosi, Valérie Peugeot, & Daniel Pimienta. Journal of Communication, 56(3), 627-628. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460- 2466.2006.00305.x Armenta, A., et. al, R., 2012. The new digital divide: the confluence of broadband penetration, sustainable development, technology adoption and community participation. Information Technology for Development, 18(4), 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2011.625925 Chib, A., and Harris, R. W., 2012. Linking research to practice: Strengthening ICT for development research capacity in Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Singapore. Funtowicz, S. and Ravetz, J., 2003. Post-Normal Science. International Society for Ecological Economics Internet Encyclopedia of Ecological Economics. García, R., 2006. Sistemas complejos. Gedisa. Barcelona. International Bahá'í Community, 1998. Valuing Spirituality in Development (Bahá'í ́Pub. Trust). London. International Telecommunications Union, 2017. Measuring the information society report. UIT. Geneva. James, J., 2004. The internet and rural development: Elements of a new paradigm. International Journal of Development Issues, 3(1), 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb045841 Schumacher, E. F., 2011. Small is beautiful: A study of economics as if people mattered. Random House. Serrano-Santoyo, A., & Martínez-Martínez, E., 2003. La brecha digital: mitos y realidades. UABC. Ensenada, Mexico Servon, L. J., 2008. Bridging the digital divide: Technology, community and public policy. John Wiley & Sons. Warschauer, M., 2004. Technology and social inclusion: Rethinking the digital divide. MIT press. ; http://www.iadisportal.org/digital-library/the-interplay-of-innovation-ict-and-development-the-future-of-digital-inclusion-a-complexity-perspective

The current global scenario of hyper-connectivity, technology change, and social change make it necessary to rethink the vision and methods employed by governments, development agencies and the private sector to impulse socioeconomic development through the adoption and application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). We pose that the availability of computing and telecommunications infrastructure, highly converging devices for Internet access and content suited to the population needs and idiosyncrasies are not enough to accomplish long-term socio-economic development. The method employed in this contribution is focused on the principles of complex adaptive systems. The objective is to develop an operational framework to support the planning and design of digital inclusion projects integrally. The proposed framework emerges from the application of two complexity perspectives: Organized Complexity and Post-Normal Science. We argue that it is key to study the interplay of innovation, development, and ICT for each particular context to acquire deeper insights and understanding of the elements, both human and technological, affecting the dynamics and long term sustainability of digital inclusion initiatives, particularly in the era of Artificial Intelligence and related emergent technologies. ; Abramson, B. D., 2006. Word matters: Multicultural perspectives on information societies‐by Alain Ambrosi, Valérie Peugeot, & Daniel Pimienta. Journal of Communication, 56(3), 627-628. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460- 2466.2006.00305.x Armenta, A., et. al, R., 2012. The new digital divide: the confluence of broadband penetration, sustainable development, technology adoption and community participation. Information Technology for Development, 18(4), 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2011.625925 Chib, A., and Harris, R. W., 2012. Linking research to practice: Strengthening ICT for development research capacity in Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Singapore. Funtowicz, S. and Ravetz, J., 2003. Post-Normal Science. International Society for Ecological Economics Internet Encyclopedia of Ecological Economics. García, R., 2006. Sistemas complejos. Gedisa. Barcelona. International Bahá'í Community, 1998. Valuing Spirituality in Development (Bahá'í ́Pub. Trust). London. International Telecommunications Union, 2017. Measuring the information society report. UIT. Geneva. James, J., 2004. The internet and rural development: Elements of a new paradigm. International Journal of Development Issues, 3(1), 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb045841 Schumacher, E. F., 2011. Small is beautiful: A study of economics as if people mattered. Random House. Serrano-Santoyo, A., & Martínez-Martínez, E., 2003. La brecha digital: mitos y realidades. UABC. Ensenada, Mexico Servon, L. J., 2008. Bridging the digital divide: Technology, community and public policy. John Wiley & Sons. Warschauer, M., 2004. Technology and social inclusion: Rethinking the digital divide. MIT press. ; http://www.iadisportal.org/digital-library/the-interplay-of-innovation-ict-and-development-the-future-of-digital-inclusion-a-complexity-perspective

Ambient seismic noise is the component of the signal discarded in the procedures for interpreting the waveforms of earthquakes. The Signal / Noise ratio (S / N) is a parameter for assessing the quality of the seismic data in relation to the possibility of detecting the phases of earthquakes useful for their location. The signal is represented by the seismic event, which is a rare transient when seismic sequences are not in progress. Using high-performance seismic equipment, the noise is represented by the ambient seismic noise, which is detected in the form of vibrations imperceptible by humans. In cases where the dynamics of the instrument is restricted and its intrinsic noise is high, the seismic ambient noise cannot be detected, information relating to the medium crossed from the source to measurement point is lost and its variations cannot be revealed. Ambient seismic noise is a stochastic process from which stationary characteristics can be extracted, related to natural or anthropic sources that generally occur at different frequencies. Rapid vibrations with cycles below one second are well documented in the literature and are generally linked to anthropogenic activities, caused by industrial plants, domestic appliances, vehicular traffic and any transfer of energy to the ground that propagates seismic waves (Peterson, 1993; McNamara and Buland, 2004). The restrictive measures issued by the Italian Government in year 2020 due to the contagion from COVID-19 (http://www.governo.it/it/coronavirus-normativa) have significantly reduced the sources of cultural seismic noise that transmit seismic waves into the ground, which are not perceived by people but only detectable by seismic instruments. In Italy, the territory is monitored in real time and continuously by the National Seismic Network (RSN) of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV Seismological Data Center, 2006). Some works show how it is possible to characterize the variability of seismic noise on the national territory, identifying the origin and nature of seismic waves of background vibrations (Marzorati and Bindi, 2006; Marzorati, 2007; Marzorati and Bindi, 2008; Li et al., 2010 ; Vassallo et al., 2012). This report shows the reduction of the average levels of seismic noise in the frequency range between 2 and 8 Hz, so as to be able to exclude natural sources at lower frequency and to analyze signals that have the ability to propagate at significant distances from the sources, in order to reach seismic stations located in large italian cities or in their surroundings. The seismic data of seismic stations of the RSN were analyzed by extracting the seismic noise values from the web services (INGVWS) of the National Earthquake Observatory (ONT) INGV (http://webservices.ingv.it). ; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia ; Unpublished ; 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia

Abstract. The application of non-cash transactions aims to provide flexibility and convenience to Treasurers and recipients of services in the implementation of non-cash payment transactions while ensuring transparent and accountability elements, while Commitment Making Officers (PPK) can be used as controls so that non-cash transactions can be referred , is verified and analyzed which will have an impact on the issuance of SPM, and is used to prepare financial reports and audit purposes. The purpose of the implementation of community service activities is to increase the capability of financial administration officials so that the realization of accountability and transparency in financial management, this can only be achieved if various supporting factors have been fulfilled such as the preparation of regulations and policies, preparation of competent human resources and integrated information systems that are adequate. Community service activities are carried out using lecture and tutorial methods. The reality on the ground shows that the problem that arises in overcoming government regulations regarding non-cash transactions is the lack of understanding of the staff of the Bone district government finance regarding the rules relating to the management of non-cash cash. The results of this activity indicate an increase in the capability of the treasurer of expenditure to manage non-cash transactions properly, this is evident in the documents used in the implementation of non-cash transactions that are complete and able to show elements of transparency and accountability. Keywords: Non-cash transactions, administration, accountability. Abstrak. Penerapan transaksi non-tunai bertujuan agar dapat memberikan fleksibilitas dan kemudahan kepada Bendahara dan penerima jasa dalam pelaksanaan transaksi pembayaran non-tunai dengan tetap menjamin unsur transparan dan akuntabilitas, sedangkan bagi Pejabat Pembuat Komitmen (PPK) dapat dijadikan kontrol sehingga transaksi non-tunai dapat dirujuk, diverfikasi dan dianalisis yang akan berdampak di terbitkannya SPM, serta digunakan untuk pembuatan laporan keuangan dan kepentingan pemeriksaan. Tujuan dari pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian adalah untuk meningkatkan kapabilitas pejabat penatausahaan keuangan agar terwujudnya akuntabilitas dan transparasi pengelolaan keuangan, ini hanya dapat dicapai apabila berbagai faktor pendukung sudah terpenuhi seperti penyiapan regulasi dan kebijakan, penyiapan SDM yang berkompeten serta sistem informasi yang terintegrasi sudah memadai. Kegiatan pengabdian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode ceramah dan tutorial. Kenyataan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan yang muncul dalam mengatasi peraturan pemerintah tentang transaksi non-tunai adalah kurangnya pemahaman staf bagian keuangan pemerintah kabupaten Bone tentang aturan-aturan yang berkaitan dengan pengelolaan kas non tunai. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kapabilitas bendahara pengeluaran untuk mengelola transaksi non tunai dengan baik, hal ini nampak pada dokumen-dokumen yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan transaksi non tunai telah lengkap dan mampu menunjukkan unsur transparan dan akuntabilitas. Kata Kunci: Transaksi non tunai, penatausahaan, pertanggungjawaban keuangan

This report presents the results from the EU project AGROinLOG (Grant Agreement 727921) and focuses on the development of a roadmap for the grain processing industry to develop Integrated Biomass Logistic Centres in Skåne. More information concerning the Swedish contribution can be found in the public report AGROinLOG (2020a).The Swedish partners of the AGROinLOG project have been interacting with different stakeholders from the grain processing industry in Skåne (South of Sweden) to investigate the existing hinders and drivers for the development of Integrated Biomass Logistic Centres (IBLC) in the region. This report focuses in particular into the milling industry in Skåne in regard to its potential, the utilization of the by-product bran and limitation for the implementation of IBLC. The objective of this reports is to propose a roadmap for the transformation of the current milling sector into an IBLC.The reader will first get a brief introduction to the IBLC concept and a detailed status of the cereal production and milling industry in Skåne. The process for data collection included many interactions with the industry and other relevant stakeholders. The results are then presented.The roadmap uses a backcasting approach starting with the development of a desired sustainable vision of the future. The vision foreseen that mills have developed into IBLCs and collaborate with many actors to produce a wider range of products and add values to other by-products than the mills' own by-products. This new activity is profitable for the mills but also for other processing industries. The products developed are highly demanded by the consumers.The authors then mapped the current situation looking in particular at hinders, potential conflict of interest, and policy support. The hinders could be clustered into six categories: supply, communication, regulation, economy, market, and logistic. The conflict of interest for the valorisation of bran is low as it is used for human consumption to a low extent. It could however conflict with the animal feeding industry. Different kind of supports are needed at the different stage of the innovation development. Skåne, and Sweden in general have good access to supporting schemes. More technical data concerning the current status of the milling sector is included in the background chapter.Finally, concrete measures for moving from the current situation to the vision are discussed. The most important measure to implement would be to develop a market for the new bio-based products. To support this, a number of measures should be implemented in a joint effort. These measures include technical development, collaboration, and communication. Moreover, sustainability must be a red thread in this transformation, and new legislation should provide a supportive framework. ; EU project AGROinLOG (Grant Agreement 727921)

Die Digitalisierung durchdringt unsere gesamte Lebenswelt, die sich anbahnende "vierte technologische Revolution" wird erhebliche Auswirkungen in nahezu allen lebens- und arbeitsweltlichen Bereichen für Individuen und Gesellschaft bewirken. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit steht die Frage, wie kann der Mensch mittels individueller digitaler Souveränität die zu erwartenden tiefgreifenden Folgen mit immanenten Chancen, Risiken und dauerhaften Herausforderungen nicht nur bewältigen, sondern den Wandel aktiv mitgestalten? Beginnend mit der Vorstellung des Humboldtschen Bildungsideal, auf dem diese Arbeit basiert, wird nachfolgend die digitale Welt und ihre vordringlichsten Konfliktfelder vorgestellt und unter dieser Erfordernissen die Notwendigkeit einer digitalen Ethik diskutiert. Eine ausführliche Beschäftigung mit der Begriffsfindung und Konzepten von digitaler Souveränität bildet die Grundlage um auf die bis jetzt vernachlässigten individuellen Aspekte von digitaler Souveränität einzugehen. Fokussierend auf den Menschen, als Hauptbetroffenen der Digitalisierung, wird mittels des Leitbilds eines individuell digital souveränen Individuums dem Homo digitalus supranus eine Analyse der ausschlaggebenden Dimensionen Soziales, Politik, Pädagogik-Didaktik, Wirtschaft-Technik und Ethik vorgenommen. Im Anschluss werden mögliche Wege des Individuums seinen Transformationsprozess vom vorherrschenden digitalen Mittelalter in die digitale Aufklärung zu gestalten skizziert. Anknüpfend an die Erkenntnisse zum Humboldtschen Bildungsideal und dem Modell des Homo digitalis supranus wird die Unabdingbarkeit von Bildung welche Solidarität, Selbst- und Mitbestimmung forciert erörtert, um Menschen zu Offenheit und Mut gegenüber den Entwicklungen des Wandels durch Digitalisierung (insbesondere im Bildungssystem) zu ermutigen, nicht offen im Sinne von naiver Akzeptanz, sondern kritischer Exploration und Reflektion. ; Digitalization increasingly infiltrates our entire world, the upcoming "fourth technological revolution" will have a significant impact on individuals and society in all sectors of life. This work focuses on the expected und profound consequences with inherent opportunities, risks and permanent challenges that arise from digitalization. It conquers the question, how human beings will be enabled, not only to cope with the far-reaching consequences, but actively manage the change in an self-determined manner with the help of individual digital sovereignty. Starting with the guiding principle of the Humboldtian ideal of education, the digital world and its most urgent fields of conflicts and challenges are presented, followed by a discussion about the potential necessity of digital ethics. A detailed study of the terms and concepts of digital sovereignty forms the basis for dealing with the neglected individual aspects of this topic. The drafted model of a digitally sovereign individual the Homo digitalis supranus is used to analyze and outline all decisive dimensions (social affairs, politics, pedagogical- didactics, economic-technology and ethics) of individual digital sovereignty. Subsequently, possible ways of the individual to shape the transformation process from the prevailing digital Middle Ages to the digital Age of Enlightenment are outlined. Based on the findings of the Humboldt's ideal of education and the model of Homo digitalis supranus, the indispensability of education which encourages solidarity, self-determination and participation is depicted in order to encourage people to be open and courageous about the developments of change through digitization (especially in our educational system), not openly in the sense of naive acceptance, but critical exploration and reflection. ; Mag. Doris Kircher ; Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2020 ; (VLID)4868559

The objectives of the paper are threefold: a) to find out the axiomatic truths, investigating crimes committed in the past; b) to examine the steps of the trial to the perpetrators for accountability and to deliver justice to the victims without prejudice at present; and c) to foster peace, human security and harmony for not repeating crimes in future. This state-of-the-art paper is prepared based on archival literature review, exchanging and sharing, Rome Statute defined functions and a practical observation approach rather than theoretical conception. The Hague Court gathers and scrutinizes testimonies, questioning victims and witnesses and analyzes the shreds of evidence of a suspect's innocent or guilty. The examination and investigation guided by Rome Statute jurisdiction shall initiate on five criteria: (i) State Party, (ii) Declaration of Acceptance, (iii) Situation Referring by the UNSC, (iv) Transnational Crimes and (v) Petition by Victim/Representative. As of December 2019, 123 countries have become the Member States to the Rome Statute, but China, Iraq, Israel, Libya, Qatar, USA and Yemen voted against the treaty. So far, the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) has opened official investigations for 12 situations and additional nine situations for preliminary examinations. The OTP closed seven situations: Gabon, Honduras, South Korea, Venezuela and Registered Vessels (Comoros, Greece, and Cambodia) from preliminary examinations. Till date, 45 suspected persons have been warranted by The Hague Court including the Presidents of Sudan, Kenya, Ivory and Libya. Out of 45 accused persons, proceedings against 50 per cent (22) have been completed. Four countries including South Africa and The Philippines have withdrawn from the Rome Statute. Burundi who has been the first country to refer the situation to the Court became the first nation to leave Statute. The case of Bangladesh/Myanmar is the newest one. Ukraine has accepted the jurisdiction of Statute but failed to ratify it. The longest length of the preliminary examination is holding by Afghanistan, but the Pre-Trial Chamber dismissed its report over the influence of the USA's power and politics. Reparations against three rebel leaders, i.e., Thomas Lubanga, Germain Katanga and Ahmad Al Mahdi for victims were pronounced by The Hague Court. Warrants of arrest along with red corners notice are issued to four (two each from Libya and Sudan) suspected individuals. The Hague Court's investigations should be evidence-based, not target-based unlike toing and froing of registered vessels of Comoros, Greece and Cambodia. The superior complexity of the Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda and advertisement of her photos in all official statements are to be ended.