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National concern for science has increased as the recent developments in the relationship of government to sci ence testify. The government's extensive role in scientific activities is witnessed by the numerous agencies and department divisions which have been created or extended in their scope. The growth of government-science operations has brought with it the present experimentation for a better administrative struc ture. One of the newer attempts to promote co-ordination in governmental science was the Presidential appointment of a Special Assistant to act as a liaison between government and science in the executive branch. He is particularly well suited for this role of co-ordinator as chairman of both the Science Ad visory Committee and the Federal Council for Science and Technology. The augmentation of the government's role in science and the accompanying proliferation of scientific agen cies has created a need for scientists who are both versed in technical subjects as well as in the operations of the govern ment. These specialists may be secured if the academic in stitutions realize the nation's growing need.—Ed.

Discussions of the scope and proper definition of anthropology make it worthwhile to outline why and how anthropology can be treated as a natural (and exact) science. The paper describes its multidisciplinary components and how the deterministic properties of biological individuality and the probabilistic constraints of the cultural dimensions can be brought together. Such a synthesis enables us to treat values within a biological framework and suggests the old term "humanics" for the multidisciplinary nexus. [anthropological biology, humanics, multidisciplinary synthesis, interaction measurement, behavioral biology]

A History of European Economic Thought grafts the history of economic thought onto Global History by showing how significant economic ideas have influenced the process of Europe's formation from the very beginning to the present day. This work combines two classical stories that until today have followed parallel paths. On the one hand, there is the political history of Europe, which is often limited to a few fleeting references to the ideas of the great economists of the past. On the other hand, there is the history of economic thought, which examines Europe as a whole, as a distinct supranational community, only with reference to the institutions created after World War II. The volume sheds light on the constitutive values of Europe, which also stem from a particular economic culture, and provides essential reading for students and scholars of the history of economic thought.

This book, first published in 1949, is an abridged version of Mirsky's classic two texts on Russian literature, updated with a postscript by the editor assessing the development of Soviet literature. Beautifully written, Mirsky's analyses of Russian writers and literature go hand in hand with his takes on Russian history. From the birth of Russian literature to its Soviet form, this book is a lively and comprehensive examination by one of its leading scholars.

The paper reveals the history of the creation of pedagogical institutes in the North-East of the USSR on the basis of archival data entered into scientific circulation. The work considers the reasons for the emergence of pedagogical institutes in Kamchatka and Magadan regions, the structure of the created institutions and the specifics of the formation of the student body in the first five years of their operation. The author concludes that both pedagogical institutes had similar starting opportunities: they were created on the basis of teacher training schools at the same time and with similar regional features, including the lack of an applicant base for the formation of the student body. But even in the first years of their existence there were differences that allowed the formation of two independent centers of education and science in the territories of Magadan and Kamchatka regions.

Preface and acknowledgements -- Notes on contributors -- The what, why, and how of planning history / Carola Hein -- Writing planning history : agents, theories, methods, and typologies -- The pioneers, institutions and vehicles of planning history / Stephen V Ward -- Interdisciplinarity in planning history / Nancy H.Kwak -- Planning history and theory : institutions, comparison, and temporal processes / André Sorensen -- The history of planning methodology / Peter Batey -- Biographical method / Robert Freestone -- Planning diffusion : agents, mechanisms, networks and theories / Stephen V Ward -- Global systems foundations of the discipline : colonial, post-colonial and other power structures / Robert Home -- Time, place and culture : from Euro-American to global planning history -- The ancient past in the urban present : the use of early models in urban design / Michael E. Smith, Carola Hein -- Writing planning history in the English-speaking world / Robert Freestone -- Key planning histories of the developing western tradition from the mid-19th century to the early-20th century / David Massey -- Urbanisme, urbanismo, urbanistica : Latin European urbanism / Javier Monclâus, Carmen Díez Medina -- Urbanisme and the francophone sphere / Clément Orillard -- The German traditions of Städtebau and Stadtlandschaft and their diffusion through global exchange / Celina Kress -- Planning history in and of Russia and the Soviet Union / Maria Taylor, Irina V. Kukina -- From urbanism to planning process : convergences of Latin American countries / Maria Cristina da Silva Leme, Vera Lucia Motta Rezende -- Southeast Asia : colonial discourses / Abidin Kusno -- Postcolonial Southeast Asia / Abidin Kusno -- Idioms of Japanese planning historiography / Carola Hein -- The uses of planning history in China / Daniel B. Abramson -- Planning histories in the Arab world / Eric Verdeil, Joe Nasr -- Africa's urban planning palimpsest / Susan Parnell -- Sites and dynamics : issues, movements / Themes and Debates -- Politics, power and urban form / David Gordon -- Planning for economic development / Richard Hu -- Planning for infrastructure : lifelines, mobility, and urban developmenat / Domenic Vitiello -- Ports and urban waterfronts / Dirk Schubert -- Urban segments and event spaces : world's fairs and olympic sites / John R. Gold, Margaret M. Gold -- Public health and urban planning: intertwined histories / Russell Lopez -- Urbanism, housing and the city / Cor Wagenaar -- Global suburbanization in planning history / André Sorensen -- Opposition, participation, and community driven planning histories / Dirk Schubert -- Livability and environmental sustainability : from smoky to livable cities / Dieter Schott -- Disasters : recovery, replanning, reconstruction and resilience / Peter J. Larkham -- A history of heritage conservation in city planning / Jyoti Hosagrahar -- Futures -- Educating planners in history : a global perspective / Christopher Silver -- The imprint of history in the practice of city and regional planning lessons from the cincinnati case : 1925-2012 / Eugenie L. Birch -- Death of the author, center, and meta-theory : emerging planning histories and expanding methods of the early 21st century / Tom Avermaete -- Future narratives for planning history / Stephen J. Ramos

Preserved Smith (1880–1941), a professor in the history department of Cornell University, owed his unusual first name to Puritan ancestors who could be traced back to the seventeenth century. His great interest was in the Protestant reformation, and its wide-ranging political and cultural effects in Europe and America. An obituary remarks that his writings 'reveal a remarkable breadth of knowledge and interest and a consistent devotion to high standards of scholarly integrity'. This two-volume work of 1930–4, discussing 'modern culture' from 1543 to 1776, displays these qualities in abundance. Volume 1, after an introductory chapter, considers the state of the sciences in the sixteenth century, then the humanities and the social and political context of law, morality and art. The emphasis on the importance of science as a driver of change makes this a remarkable and readable overview of the emergence of modern society

Scientific research and investment is one of the key indicators for the well-being of a nation in the medium to long-term. It increases the stock of knowledge and innovation in the economy and can be an appropriate strategy during a financial slowdown to create new ways to improve health, environment and overall competitiveness of companies in all of the sectors. Despite several remarkable successes, Australia is losing ground in science policy and investment with considerable decline in participation from the Federal Government. This report assesses the impact that the AAS has had through its submissions to Government and Parliamentary inquiries and reviews. The primary aim is to assess the twenty-three submissions made by the AAS in the year 2009 through to 2011 to various Government agencies, the Federal Parliament and associated media attention. In most cases Government usually takes around twelve months to respond to such inquiries, hence the period under consideration. This research used a summary table (Appendix A) to get a picture of the Academy's submissions, direct quotations of the AAS, ToR of each inquiry, the resulting reports and reviews, the number of suggestions considered and rejected, time exposure, Government's responses, public hearings, comparison with submissions from other learned Academies and media attention. This method reveals mixed results about the level of influence that the Academy has had on public policy. Overall, the AAS has been able to impact on Federal policy as well as other Government organisations and has been able to bring scientific knowledge into the analysed public inquiries and reviews. The Australian Government needs to increase its investment in science so that it does not become a net importer of innovation and so losing competitiveness in the long term. On the other hand, the AAS will need to closely monitor and engage more with the Government, media and stakeholders. These two combined factors can enhance science policy in Australia and might help the country to overcome future challenges and act as a leader in international cooperation. This research notices that: • Seven out of fifteen of the Parliamentary inquiries and reviews directly cited the AAS. • The AAS participated in two out of six public hearings held by the different Committees or Commissions. • Mixed results were achieved on policy influence. Few inquiries show several convergences with the AAS' suggestion whereas others highlight greater consideration. • There is weak correlation between in-written or in-person submission and the level of impact on final reports. • There is weak correlation between the strictly scientific nature of the inquiry and the level of consideration of the Academy's views. There is weak correlation between the AAS being quoted in the final reports and the level of impact. This report recommends: • Address accurately the ToR highlighted by the respective Committees or Commissions. Increase the engagement with the national media as this can significantly alter the course of an inquiry. o Advocate fo r continuous suppo1t for R&D in Australia from the Government. o Conduct further and constant research to monitor and evaluate the Academy's impact on public policy.