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1 22 21 12 ; S ; [EN] The development of new measures and algorithms to quantify the entropy or related concepts of a data series is a continuous effort that has brought many innovations in this regard in recent years. The ultimate goal is usually to find new methods with a higher discriminating power, more efficient, more robust to noise and artifacts, less dependent on parameters or configurations, or any other possibly desirable feature. Among all these methods, Permutation Entropy (PE) is a complexity estimator for a time series that stands out due to its many strengths, with very few weaknesses. One of these weaknesses is the PE's disregarding of time series amplitude information. Some PE algorithm modifications have been proposed in order to introduce such information into the calculations. We propose in this paper a new method, Slope Entropy (SlopEn), that also addresses this flaw but in a different way, keeping the symbolic representation of subsequences using a novel encoding method based on the slope generated by two consecutive data samples. By means of a thorough and extensive set of comparative experiments with PE and Sample Entropy (SampEn), we demonstrate that SlopEn is a very promising method with clearly a better time series classification performance than those previous methods. Cuesta Frau, D. (2019). Slope Entropy: A New Time Series Complexity Estimator Based on Both Symbolic Patterns and Amplitude Information. Entropy. 21(12):1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/e21121167 Kannathal, N., Choo, M. L., Acharya, U. R., & Sadasivan, P. K. (2005). Entropies for detection of epilepsy in EEG. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 80(3), 187-194. doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2005.06.012 Abásolo, D., Hornero, R., Espino, P., Álvarez, D., & Poza, J. (2006). Entropy analysis of the EEG background activity in Alzheimer's disease patients. Physiological Measurement, 27(3), 241-253. doi:10.1088/0967-3334/27/3/003 Pincus, S. M., Gladstone, I. M., & Ehrenkranz, R. A. (1991). A regularity statistic for ...

In post-digital ecosystem, the implementation of effective electronic government systems comes to the fore as a strategic priority. Removing paper based processes and increasing integration of the systems used by different departments and agencies are directly related to the power of a government. e-Transformation of the government from traditional to electronic takes place in four stages, namely the phase of initial presence, unification, integration and social transformation. In the initial presence phase, each government institution separately provides services to citizens through its own site. In the unification phase, citizens will be able to access all government agencies' systems through a single website with a single username and password. In the integration phase, the systems of all government agencies will be linked to a common reference and archive system as well as common databases. Finally, in the last phase, the most important phase of electronic government applications, it will be ensured that citizens and the government will meet on the internet through electronic government applications. In this phase, the society will become an information society, and thus increase its productivity at individual level. Therefore, e-government projects have strategic importance for governments. In this context, the study emphasizes the importance of the involvement of the society to electronic government projects and suggests a new classification for the development phases of e-government. ; Post-dijital ekosistemde etkin elektronik devlet uygulamaların hayata geçirilmesi stratejik öncelik kazanmıştır. Kağıt belgelere dayalı iş süreçlerinin ortadan kaldırılması ve devlet kuruluşlarının sistemlerinin birbirleri ile entegre edilmesi devletin gücüyle doğrudan ilgilidir. Devletin e-dönüşümü dört evrede gerçekleşmektedir. Bu evreler varlık gösterme, birleşme, entegrasyon ve toplumsal dönüşüm evreleridir. Varlık gösterme evresinde, her devlet kurumu birbirlerinden bağımsız olarak kurdukları kendi siteleri aracılığıyla vatandaşlara hizmet vermektedir. Birleşme evresinde, vatandaşlar tüm devlet kurumlarının sistemlerine tek bir kullanıcı adı ve şifre ile tek bir web sitesi aracılığla erişebilirler. Entegrasyon evresinde, tüm devlet kurumlarının sistemleri ortak veritabanı, referans ve arşiv sistemine bağlananır. En önemli evre olan toplumsal dönüşüm evresinde vatandaş ve devlet elektronik devlet uygulamaları vasıtasıyla internette buluşur. Bu evrede toplum bilgi toplumuna dönüşür ve bireysel seviyede verimlilik artar. Elektronik devlet projeleri devletler açısından stratejik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma elektronik devlet uygulamalarına toplumun ve vatandaşların dahil edilmesinin önemini vurgulamakta ve e-devletin gelişim aşamaları için yeni bir sınıflandırma önermektedir.

Introduction.The main objective of article is analysis the personal anti-war utterances on protest posters to determine their pragmatic functions in the discourse of public opinion. The theoretical and practical significance of article is identification, description and classification types of personal speech tactics of anti-war protest discourse based on material of verbalized statements at solitary pickets in the spring of 2022 in Russia.Methodologyand sources.A content analysis, pragmatic and semantic analysis of 455 utterances are carried out, utterances are obtained by continuous sampling method in the Telegram channel "OVD-Info" in the period from 02.24.2022 to 05.31.2022 and from the opened media sources indicated in the open database "Illustrative Material".Resultsand discussion.Anti-war discourse as thematic variety of political discourse is formed in the process of public expression of criticism or disagreement in relation to military actions as way of resolving a geopolitical conflict and /or in relation to a specific military event, as well as in relation to political decisions leading to military actions. Anti-war discourse contains a specific semiotic code, which includes concepts "peace" and "war" as an obligatory component. And anti-war discourse is realized in a certain social and historical extralinguistic context. We checked up the important role of speech tactics which significantly transform the text of anti-war utterance, such as graphic euphemization, semiotic euphemization, abbreviation, neutralization. They implement a complex spectrum of speaker` s intentions, masking and revealing it the same time.Conclusion.We have found not only differences in "direct" and "hidden" messages, but their similarities, consisting in the fact that for a part of the audience in the spring of 2022 in Russia the difference was leveled by the conditions of social communication: any statement in the public space was assessed as 'anti-war" regardless of its form and content.

Objectives: All businesses worldwide, especially small and medium-sized organizations, are now concerned about environmental degradation. Eco-innovation and environmental collaboration are expected to be the driving forces for saving the environment and the performance of companies. Therefore, this study aimed to ascertain how eco-innovation and environmental cooperation affect the financial, social, and environmental performance of SMEs. This study also explored environmental collaboration as a moderating variable for the effect of eco-innovation on the performance of SMEs. Methods/Analysis: Data from 300 small and medium-sized enterprises of Creative Home Décor were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings: Eco-innovation is necessary to improve the performance of Indonesia's SMEs. Environmental collaboration has a beneficial and substantial effect on the performance of the environment and society. Regarding environmental collaboration as a moderating variable, this study identified a positive and statistically significant coefficient regulating the relationship between financial performance and eco-innovation. Novelty /Improvement. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on the impact of eco-innovation and environmental collaboration on the performance of SMEs, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also contributed to the theoretical and empirical understanding of eco-innovation in developing countries and highlighted the importance of environmental collaboration in enhancing the social and environmental performance of SMEs. Additionally, this paper provided empirical and theoretical contributions on the role of environmental collaboration as a moderating variable that is particularly improving the performance of Indonesia's SMEs in Creative Home Décor during the COVID-19 pandemic.JEL Classifications: M12, L68, L25, L53, Q56 Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-SPER-018 Full Text: PDF

Subject. Due to increasing competition and an increasingly complicated social and economic environment, capital configuration in organisations requires a very flexible approach. The corporate tradition of relying only on the company's own funds can result in many rapidly disappearing business opportunities being missed while operating based on mainly borrowed resources can result in unjustified risks to the company's solvency and financial stability. A comprehensive analysis of how borrowed capital is used is necessary for making informed and immediate decisions with regard to raising capital and structuring it. As a result of the state's policy to increase transparency and digitalise the economy, many sources of information about the activities of organisations have become publicly available. These data allows conducting a comprehensive analysis of how the borrowed capital is used. Purpose. Developing recommendations for the analysis of the borrowed capital of organizations using open data. Methods. The research results were obtained using analysis, synthesis, analogy, classification, and other methods and approaches. Results. The article continues the discussion about the meaning and content of the term "borrowed capital"; it justifies a rejection of using the category "attracted funding" for the purpose of economic analysis; it proposes a methodological approach to the comprehensive analysis of the organisation's borrowed capital; it demonstrates the procedure for such analysis and the interpretation based on the example of a telecommunication company and with a due consideration of the peculiarities of the current social and economic situation. Conclusions. The proposed recommendations for the analysis of borrowed capital are universal and can be applied in organisations outside the public and financial sectors that produce standard (not simplified) financial statements and annual reports.

Las redes sociales y la democratización de la moda han impactado en las estrategias comunicativas del sector del lujo. Este artículo realiza un análisis de descriptivo a través del análisis de contenido de todos los vídeos alojados – 4079 – en los canales de Youtube de las 12 principales marcas de moda de lujo. El principal objetivo es conocer la evolución de los contenidos audiovisuales de las principales marcas de moda de lujo en Youtube e identificar los principales formatos. Los resultados aportan una clasificación de los principales formatos utilizados por el sector del lujo, así como su capacidad de interacción. La investigación concluye que las marcas de moda de lujo usan más formatos convencionales que estrategias de contenido asociadas al branded content. Del mismo modo, se aprecia que las marcas de moda de lujo apenas interaccionan con su público objetivo. ; Social networks and the democratisation of fashion have had an impact on the communication strategies deployed by the luxury sector. This article performs a descriptive analysis by way of a content analysis of all the videos hosted – 4079 – on the Youtube channels of the 12 main luxury faschion brands. The aim is to comprehend the evolution of the audio-visual content of the main luxury fashion brands on Youtube and to identify the main formats. The results provide a classification of the main formats used by the luxury sector, as well as their capacity for interaction. The research concludes that luxury fashion brands deploy more conventional formats than content strategies associated with branded content. . Similarly, it can be seen that luxury fashion brands interact with their target audience only marginally.

Las redes sociales y la democratización de la moda han impactado en las estrategias comunicativas del sector del lujo. Este artículo realiza un análisis descriptivo a través del análisis de contenido de todos los vídeos alojados —4079— en los canales de YouTube de las 12 principales marcas de moda de lujo. El principal objetivo es conocer la evolución de los contenidos audiovisuales de las principales marcas de moda de lujo en YouTube e identificar los principales formatos. Los resultados aportan una clasificación de los principales formatos utilizados por el sector del lujo, así como su capacidad de interacción. La investigación concluye que las marcas de moda de lujo usan más formatos convencionales que estrategias de contenido asociadas al branded content. Del mismo modo, se aprecia que las marcas de moda de lujo apenas interaccionan con su público objetivo. ; Social networks and the democratisation of fashion have had an impact on the communication strategies deployed by the luxury sector. This article performs a descriptive analysis by way of a content analysis of all the videos hosted —4079— on the YouTube channels of the 12 main luxury fashion brands. The aim is to comprehend the evolution of the audio-visual content of the main luxury fashion brands on YouTube and to identify the main formats. The results provide a classification of the main formats used by the luxury sector, as well as their capacity for interaction. The research concludes that luxury fashion brands deploy more conventional formats than content strategies associated with branded content. Similarly, it can be seen that luxury fashion brands interact with their target audience only marginally.

Social networks and the democratisation of fashion have had an impact on the communication strategies deployed by the luxury sector. This article performs a descriptive analysis by way of a content analysis of all the videos hosted —4079— on the YouTube channels of the 12 main luxury fashion brands. The aim is to comprehend the evolution of the audio-visual content of the main luxury fashion brands on YouTube and to identify the main formats used. The results provide a classification of the main formats used by the luxury sector, as well as their capacity for interaction. The research concludes that luxury fashion brands deploy more conventional formats than content strategies associated with branded content. Similarly, it can be seen that luxury fashion brands interact with their target audience only marginally. ; Las redes sociales y la democratización de la moda han impactado en las estrategias comunicativas del sector del lujo. Este artículo realiza un análisis descriptivo a través del análisis de contenido de todos los vídeos alojados —4079— en los canales de YouTube de las 12 principales marcas de moda de lujo. El principal objetivo es conocer la evolución de los contenidos audiovisuales de las principales marcas de moda de lujo en YouTube e identificar los principales formatos utilizados. Los resultados aportan una clasificación de los principales formatos utilizados por el sector del lujo, así como su capacidad de interacción. La investigación concluye que las marcas de moda de lujo usan más formatos convencionales que estrategias de contenido asociadas al branded content. Del mismo modo, se aprecia que las marcas de moda de lujo apenas interaccionan con su público objetivo.

Politics is a discipline of science that is part of social science. What distinguishes political science from other social sciences is the object studied. The development of research on the theory of political science and politics becomes a question in this paper. Topic mapping and topic classification based on keywords, countries, and themes discussed were the main focus of this research, including visual density based on keywords, showing the level of saturation political science theory. In this study, the data used were data that had been downloaded from the Scopus database with several limitations to limit and be more specific to the results of the discussion. After the documents to be reviewed and analyzed are bibliographical using the VOSViewer and NVivo 12 Plus software, the data is exported .CSV and .RIS formats. This study aims to provide insights into subsequent research on the theory of political science ; The purpose of this study is to determine the development of the study of political theory. This research is very important to be studied to see the tendency of previous researchers in studying political theory. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. In this study, the data used is data that has been downloaded from the Scopus database with some limitations to limit and be more specific on the results of the discussion. After the documents to be reviewed and analyzed bibliographically using VOSViewer and NVivo 12 Plus software, the data is exported in .CSV and .RIS formats. the findings in this study can map the study of political theory and provide an overview of the dominant topics being discussed so as to bring up newness in further research.

This article aims to think about the political dimension of families in Colombian armed conflict context from their own experiences. The links are raised between private and public as converging scenarios and with less and less visible borders when is about treating matters like family, its configurations and "internal" practices, which had been conventionally treated as apolitical matters. This analysis goes further of traditional disciplinary frameworks of psychology or medicine that, frequently, have treated the family topic from the normalization logic and have produced a speech about rather fixed, stable typologies and classifications. These phenomena, in here, are understood more as besieged social constructions than as universal matters, giving a protagonist place to the shapes as the families resisting victimizing facts typical of the war. ; Este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre la dimensión política de las familias en el contexto del conflicto armado colombiano desde sus propias experiencias. Se plantean los vínculos entre lo público y lo privado como escenarios que confluyen y que tienen fronteras cada vez menos visibles cuando se trata de abordar asuntos como la familia, sus configuraciones y prácticas "internas", las cuales se han tratado convencionalmente como asuntos apolíticos. Este análisis va más allá de los marcos disciplinares tradicionales de la psicología o la medicina que, con frecuencia, han abordado el tema de la familia desde la lógica de la normalización y han producido un discurso sobre tipologías y clasificaciones más bien fijas, estables. Estos fenómenos son entendidos aquí más como construcciones sociales situadas que como asuntos universales, dándole un lugar protagónico a las formas como las familias resisten los hechos victimizantes propios de la guerra.

Research indicates that different contexts require different risk evaluation approaches. There is limited research on the most feasible risk evaluation approach for a specific complex social-technical context. Also, there is limited guidance on how to develop a methodology to identify the best risk evaluation approach for a specific social-technical context. We develop the risk evaluation decision-aiding methodology that helps identify the best risk evaluation approach for Solotvyno. Solotvyno is a small village situated on the border of Ukraine that faces the risk of land subsidence due to the flooding of the salt domes. In order to identify the most suitable approach, we reviewed multiple existing approaches. After an intensive literature review, we arrived at four possible risk evaluation approaches, namely: German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU), the Th. Plattner approach, The predictive, Bayesian risk classification scheme(PBRC Scheme) and the Pollard approach. We made comparisons between the different approaches. After analysing each approach, we concluded that the two approaches: WBGU and PBRC, are the most suitable in the case of Solotvyno. Future research will entail applying one of the recommended approaches in Solotvyno municipality and assessing the feasibility of the decision-aiding methodology to select a viable risk evaluation approach. ; This research is part of the ImProDiReT project, which is funded by the European Union Civil Protection, under grant agreement No. 783232. The research furthermore has been made possible by the partners in the ImProDiReT project facilitating the local contacts, providing background information and additional insights. We thank the Regional Development Agency of Zakarpattia, Ukraine, the Resilience Advisors Network and Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for their support.

This article aims to stablish a chronological classification of the initiatives implemented since the beginning of the decade of 1990 in order to find, preserve and disseminate the documentary heritage related to Basque diaspora wolrdwide, and specially the outcomes of the period of 'big migrations' since mid-19th century onwards. During this period, a web of associations was created, therefore leaving a rich material and documentary heritage, still difficult to find and harder to preserve. The article presents the consecutive actions put into action by several political, social, and cultural agents in the Basque Country and its diaspora. These efforts peaked in 2019 with the creation of a new Archive of Basque Diaspora, which offers a new set of possibilities for the knowledge, research and dissemination of such heritage. ; Este artículo pretende establecer una clasificación y cronología de las diferentes iniciativas llevadas a cabo desde inicios de la década de 1990 en favor de la localización, conservación y difusión del patrimonio documental relativo a la diáspora vasca, y muy especialmente a la producida en torno a las grandes migraciones desde mediados del siglo XIX, una de cuyas principales evidencias se vincula a la creación de una red de entidades asociativas de todo tipo, que han dejado un patrimonio material y documental de difícil localización y peor conservación. El trabajo aborda las sucesivas acciones puestas en marcha por diversos agentes políticos, culturales y sociales en el propio País Vasco y en su diáspora, que culminaron en 2019 con la inauguración del Archivo de la Diáspora Vasca, así como las posibilidades que esta iniciativa ofrece para el conocimiento, investigación y difusión de dicho patrimonio.

En el presente trabajo me interesa analizar desde una perspectiva metodológica la investigación en el campo del arte. Si consideramos la práctica investigativa no sólo como las acciones puestas en juego en la producción de conocimiento, sino en su complejidad, atravesadas estas acciones a su vez por condicionantes sociales, históricos, culturales, políticos, institucionales, epistemológicos, etc. (Ynoub, 2014); este análisis metodológico no busca proponer criterios clasificatorios y prescripciones sobre cómo debería ser una investigación en este caso en el campo del arte-, sino reflexionar sobre la práctica, problematizarla. Esto implica, entre otras cosas, poder analizar e historizar el debate de la investigación en el campo del arte, contextualizarlo institucional y socialmente, así como considerar los posicionamientos ontológicos y epistemológicos implícitos, los supuestos sobre el arte, el conocimiento, la ciencia, y sus modos de validación. ; In this work, I am interested in analyzing research on the art field from a methodological perspective. Investigative practice may be conceived, both as the actions taking place on knowledge production, as well from its complexity: these actions are influenced by social, historical, cultural, political, institutional, epistemological conditions, etc. (Ynoub, 2014). The scope of this methodological analysis is to propose classification criteria or prescriptions about how research may be conducted, in this case, in the field of art. Meanwhile, aims to reflect on the practice, to problematize it. This implies several aspects. Among them, to analyze the historicizing of the research debate in the field of art, to contextualize it both institutionally and socially and finally, to consider the implicit ontological and epistemological positions, the assumptions about art, knowledge, science, as their validation modes. ; Facultad de Artes

The pronoun nosotros and the first person plural have generated interest not only in the sciences of the language, but also in philosophy and social sciences, since they fulfill important functions in the discursive subjectivation and in the collective identification. In this systematic review different proposals of classification of referential values and discursive functions of nosotros are examined (without distinguishing the express use of the pronoun and the grammatical form of first person plural); in addition, paradigmatic uses of the pronoun and the first person plural in colloquial, media, political and academic discourse are presented. Finally, we propose an organization and modeling of the main uses of nosotros and the first person plural. The systematization proposed in this article provides an articulation of the referential values and discursive functions with the different types of cognitive framing and conceptualizations of the discursive scene. ; El pronombre nosotros y la primera persona del plural han generado interés no solo en las ciencias del lenguaje, sino también en filosofía y ciencias sociales, ya que cumplen importantes funciones en la subjetivación discursiva y en la identificación colectiva. En esta revisión sistemática se examinan distintas propuestas de clasificación de los valores referenciales y funciones discursivas del nosotros (sin distinguir el uso expreso del pronombre y la forma gramatical de la primera persona del plural); además, se presentan los empleos paradigmáticos en el discurso coloquial, mediático, político y académico. Finalmente, se propone una ordenación y modelización de los principales empleos del nosotros y de la primera persona del plural. La sistematización propuesta en este artículo suministra una articulación de los valores referenciales y las funciones discursivas con los diferentes tipos de enmarcado cognitivo y conceptualizaciones de la escena discursiva.

The article deals with the main aspects of the history and development of private and public higher educational establishments in Ukraine in the late XIX c. – early XX c., being part of the system of higher education of this period. The author's definition of this category of educational establishments has been provided, objective and subjective preconditions and factors of their origin have been considered, the periodization of their development as well as characteristics of periods of their activity have been given. Based on the classification of educational establishments of this type, it has been shown that they substantially enlarged medical, pedagogical, technical education, which was provided in state higher education, and they formed a new type of educational establishments, that is commercial educational establishments, where specialists in the business and trade field were trained, which were necessary in conditions of developing a market system of business activities. The close connection of these establishments with those state-owned ones in the part of using curriculums and academic programmes, teaching staff has been shown. The attention is, herewith, paid to their differences from the state higher school, these differences have been referred to as belonging to social sphere rather than that of pedagogical innovations. A reasonable conclusion has been made on the important role of these educational establishments in solving social problems in the sphere of training specialists with higher education, namely in providing opportunities to obtain a higher education for those who had certain limitations for that, for example for women, people of Jewish nationality, descendants of democratic layers of society. A significant role of private and public higher educational establishments has been shown in democratization, feminization, development of higher education.