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Section I: Current Trends and New Findings -- Chapter 1. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Research and Intervention with Children with Incarcerated Parents -- Chapter 2. Measuring the Exposure of Parents and Children to Incarceration -- Chapter 3. Parental Criminal Justice Involvement -- Chapter 4. Racial/Ethnic Disparities -- Chapter 5. Parental Incarceration and Children's Wellbeing: Findings from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study -- Chapter 6. Effects of Parental Incarceration on Children: Lessons from International Research -- Section II: Developmental and Family Research -- Chapter 7. Infants and Young Children with Incarcerated Parents -- Chapter 8. Parental Incarceration during Middle Childhood and Adolescence -- Chapter 9. A Family Perspective: Caregiving and Family Contexts of Children with an Incarcerated Parent -- Chapter 10. Parent-Child Visits When Parents are Incarcerated in Prison or Jail -- Chapter 11. Qualitative Research on Children with Incarcerated Parents: Findings, Challenges and Future Directions -- Section III: Intervention Research -- Chapter 12. Interventions in Prison Nurseries -- Chapter 13. Parenting Programs for Incarcerated Fathers and Mothers: Current Research and New Directions -- Chapter 14. Mentoring Interventions for Children with Incarcerated Parents -- Chapter 15. Theory-Based Multimodal Parenting Intervention for Incarcerated Parents and Their Children -- Chapter 16. Can Alternatives to Incarceration Enhance Child Well-being? -- Section IV: Perspectives -- Chapter 17. Empowering Incarcerated Parents of Color and their Families using Community-Based Participatory Research -- Chapter 18. From Research to Reform: Improving the Experiences of Children and Families with Incarcerated Parents in Europe -- Chapter 19. The Interface of Child Welfare and Parental Criminal Justice Involvement: Policy and Practice Implications for Children with Incarcerated Parents -- Chapter 20. Addressing the Needs of Parents in Juvenile Justice: Systems Change from the Perspectives of Two Change Leaders -- Chapter 21. About Us, For Us, With Us: Collaboration as the Key to Progress in Research, Practice, and Policy -- Section V: Future Directions -- Chapter 22. Policies and Practices for Children with Incarcerated Parents: Summarizing What We Know and Do Not Know -- Chapter 23. Separation and Detention of Parents and Children at the Border: Lessons from Impacts of Parental Incarceration on Children and Families -- Chapter 24. A Research and Intervention Agenda for Children with Incarcerated Parents and Their Families -- Chapter 25. Reflections and Conclusions

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Foreword / Sharpe, Robert J . / Stokes, Mary -- Acknowledgments -- PART ONE Introduction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Roots: Indigenous Legal Traditions -- 3. Roots: French Legal Traditions -- 4. Roots: British Legal Traditions -- PART TWO: European Chartered Enterprise, New France, and the Encounter with Indigenous Law, 1500–1701 -- 5. Early Contacts, Early Charters -- 6. Law and Governance in the French Possessions: Public Law and the Growth of Institutions -- 7. Law and Governance in the English Possessions -- 8. The Interface of European and Indigenous Law -- 9. French Private Law -- 10. The Early Modern Legacy -- PART THREE: The Long Eighteenth Century, 1701–1815 -- 11. Constitutional Law in the Long Eighteenth Century -- 12. New France/Quebec/Lower Canada: Political Institutions, Courts, and Relations with Indigenous Peoples -- 13. The British Colonies of Settlement: Political Institutions, Courts, and Relations with Indigenous Peoples -- 14. The British Commercial Territories: Newfoundland and Rupert's Land -- 15. The Legal Professions -- 16. Criminal Law and Criminal Justice -- 17. Indigenous Law -- 18. Private Law: The Civil Law -- 19. Private Law: The Common Law -- 20. The Early Modern Legacy -- PART FOUR: British North America, 1815–1860s -- 21. Law in British North America, 1815–1866: Introduction -- 22. Court Systems and Judicial Personnel -- 23. Sources of Law and Law Reform -- 24. Indigenous Law in British North America -- 25. The Legal Professions -- 26. Constitutional Developments I: European-Indigenous Relations, the Old Colonial System, and the Rebellions, 1815–ca 1839 -- 27. Constitutional Developments II: The Act of Union, Responsible Government, and the Origins of Acculturation Policy, ca 1840–1866 -- 28. Criminal Justice I: Criminal Law, Punishment, and Policing -- 29. Criminal Justice II: The Criminal Trial -- 30. Land Law and Policy: Titles, Tenure, Squatters, Indigenous Dispossession, and the Rights and Obligations of Ownership -- 31. Law and the Economy I: Common Law, Statutes, and the Emergence of the Corporation -- 32. Law and the Economy II: Debtor-Creditor Law -- 33. Less Favoured by Law I: Blacks and Workers -- 34. Less Favoured by Law II: Women and the Law -- 35. Law and Legal Institutions on the Eve of Confederation: The British North American Legacy -- Abbreviations -- Notes -- Illustration Credits -- Statutory and Proclamation Index -- Name Index -- Topical Index

This Brief provides a detailed guide to national data sources that collect and report data on homicides in the United States, and some key international sources abroad. It provides in-depth coverage of well-known sources, and highlights more obscure sources, providing a useful tool for research design and planning across disciplines. This Brief includes detailed discussions of the benchmark sources in the United States: police data compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reporting Programs, as well as the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics' National Vital Statistics System. It also brings to light in one place many other less commonly-known sources for the United States. The author also highlights international data sources with worldwide data, but not country-specific studies. For each source covered, this unique work provides discussion of how to access the data source, interpret data from the source, and provides necessary background information about strengths and weaknesses of the sources. It does not presume expertise in statistics or methodology, and assumes no prior exposure to the data sources described. It is organized by data source, with some comparisons between the sources. It will be useful as a guide for researchers in Criminology and Criminal Justice, Public Administration, Demography, and any related field interested in homicide statistics. Adam Dobrin, Ph.D., earned his Bachelor's degree from the College of William and Mary in Virginia, and both his Master's and Doctorate in Criminology from the University of Maryland. He is on the faculty in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Florida Atlantic University as an Associate Professor. While in graduate school, he authored the Statistical Handbook on Violence in America, and has been exploring issues of violence ever since, focusing primarily on public health methodologies. To further this goal, Dr. Dobrin co-founded and held positions in two Cochrane Collaboration entities: Field Coordinator for the Cochrane Justice Health Field (CJHF), and Assistant Director of the Cochrane College for Policy at George Mason University. Shifting part of his research trajectory, Dr. Dobrin recently graduated from the Indian River State College's Public Service Education Program and now volunteers as a road-patrol Deputy for his local Sheriff's Office.

I Introduction -- 1.Tales from the Tartan Chambers -- Diane Hansen-Ingram -- II The Scottish Perspective -- 2. What Waldemar Saw-A Young German's View of the Scottish Legal System -- Lord Rodger of Earlsferry -- 3. Justice Seen to be Done -- Lord Clyde -- 4. Unfinished Business -- Lord Clarke -- 5. Devolution and Community Law -- Christine Boch -- III EU Institutional Issues -- 6. The Convention and the Court -- President of the Court, Judge Rodríguez Iglesias and Julio Baquero Cruz -- 7. The Judicial Architecture of the European Union-the Challenges of Change -- Judge Nicholas Forwood -- 8. Judge Edward Acting as Advocate General -- Professor Rosa Greaves -- 9. Enlargement of the European Union-the Council Process -- Elizabeth Willocks -- IV EU Competition Issues -- 10. Certain Reflections on Recent Judgments Reviewing Commission Merger Control Decisions -- President of the Court of First Instance, Judge Vesterdorf -- 11. The National Courts and the Uniform Application of EC Competition Rules. Preliminary Observations on Council Regulation 1 -- 2003 -- Judge Sevón -- 12. The A M & S Judgment -- John Temple Lang -- 13. Collective Dominance-The Contribution of the Community Courts -- Mark Clough -- 14. Some Reflections on Procedure in Competition Cases -- Sir Christopher Bellamy QC -- V EU Substantive Issues -- 15. Free Movement and the Environment: Seeing the Wood for the Trees -- Imelda Higgins and Marie Demetriou -- 16. The Dangers of too Much Precaution -- Ian Forrester QC -- 17. Different but (Almost) Equal-The Development of Free Movement Rights Under EU Association, Co-Operation and Accession Agreements -- Eleanor Sharpston QC -- 18. Diplomas and the Recognition of Professional Qualifications in the Case Law of the European Court of Justice -- Dr Dieter Kraus -- 19. The Transformation of the Rome Convention -- Richard Plender QC -- 20. Standard of Review in WTO Law -- Professor Claus Dieter Ehlermann and Nicolas Lockhart -- VI EU Remedies Issues -- 21. Approaches to Interpretation in a Plurilingual System -- Advocate-General Francis G Jacobs -- 22 Private Enforcement-A Complete System of Remedies -- Anneli Howard and Deok Joo Rhee -- 23. Article 234: A Few Rough Edges Still -- Dr Robert Lane -- 24. Discretionary References: To Refer or not to Refer? -- Mark Hoskins -- 25. Direct Applicability or Effect -- Dr Joxerramon Bengoetxea -- 26. Du concept de l'effet direct à celui de l'invocabilité au regard de la jurisprudence récente de la Cour de justice -- Judge MelchiorWathelet

Foreword / Diane Swanson -- Preface / Robert A. Giacalone, and Mark D. Promislo -- Ethical impact theory (eit): unethical work behavior and well-being / Mark D. Promislo, Robert A. Giacalone, and Carole Jurkiewicz -- Attacking others : revenge, aggression, bullying, and abuse -- Beyond the consequences to the victim : the impact of abusive supervision on third-party observers / Marie S. Mitchell, Robert G. Folger, and Ryan M. Vogel -- Coping with unethical behavior : forgoing the sweetness of revenge for the healthy choice of forgiveness / Rebecca J. Bennett and Susie Cox -- The ethics of workplace revenge : avengers? : moral considerations and the -- Consequences of revenge for stakeholder well-being / David A. Jones -- Bullying and well-being / Denise Salin -- Workplace aggression, unethical behavior, and employee well-being : an -- "Aggressive" examination of the issues / Joel H. Neuman -- Harmful behaviors and work stress -- The impact of ostracism on well-being in organizations / Jane O'Reilly, Sandra L. Robinson, and Kira Schabram -- Crafting an image at another's expense : understanding unethical impression -- Management in organizations / William H. Turnley, Anthony C. Klotz, and Mark C. Bolino -- Ethical and unethical leader behaviors and their impact on individual well-being and deviance / Karianne Kalshoven and Deanne N. Den Hartog -- Age discrimination in the workplace and well-being / Anastasia S. Vogt Yuan -- Unethical work behavior as a stressor / Laurenz L. Meier, Norbert K. Semmer, and Paul E. Spector -- Individual differences, justice, and moral emotions -- Machiavellianism, unethical behavior, and well-being in organizational life / Jason J. Dahling, Daniel Kuyumcu, and Erika H. Librizzi -- Organizational justice and cardiovascular health / Marko Elovainio and Mika Kivimki -- Moral emotions and unethical behavior : the case of shame and guilt / Ilona E. de Hooge -- Ethics position theory and unethical work behavior / Donelson R. Forsyth and Ernest H. O'Boyle Jr -- Justice at work and worker well-being: how and for whom do unethical work -- Practices matter? / Todd Lucas and Craig A. Wendorf -- Ethics, empathy, and employment : seeking a compassionate workplace / Noreen Tehrani -- Organizational and societal perspectives -- Ethical climate : causes, consequences and implications for improving well-being / Charles H. Schwepker Jr -- The virtuous business cycle model : a proposal / Charlotte McDaniel and Corey L. M. Keyes -- Macro-ethinomics : the long-term costs of short-term thinking / Carole L. Jurkiewicz and Boris Morozov -- Name index -- Subject index -- About the editors and contributors

Preliminary Material /Manisuli Ssenyonjo -- Introduction An Introduction to the Development of the African Regional Human Rights System: /Manisuli Ssenyonjo -- Rights and Duties in the African Charter Civil and Political Rights in the African Charter /Olufemi Amao -- Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the African Charter /Manisuli Ssenyonjo -- Group Rights under the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights: /Basil Ugochukwu , Opeoluwa Badaru and Obiora Okafor -- Scope of Individual Duties in the African Charter /Kofi Quashigah -- Rights of the Vulnerable under the African System Women's Human Rights in Africa /Rashida Manjoo -- Children's Rights in Africa /Julia Sloth-Nielsen -- Rights of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons in Africa /Jamil Ddamulira Mujuzi -- Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Africa /George Mukundi Wachira -- The Rights of Older Persons and Persons with Disabilities in Africa /Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen -- Implementation Mechanisms for Human Rights in Africa The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights /Magnus Killander -- The African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child /Gina Bekker -- From the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights to the African Court of Justice and Human Rights /Githu Muigai -- Human Rights Realisation in the African Sub-Regional Institutions /Solomon T. Ebobrah -- International Criminal Tribunals in Africa /George William Mugwanya -- The International Criminal Court and Africa /Daniel David Ntanda Nsereko -- The Protection of Women's Human Rights by Domestic Courts in Africa: /Manisuli Ssenyonjo -- Conclusion: Towards an Effective African Regional Human Rights System Tentative Reflections on the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights /Ben Chigara -- Institutional Mainstreaming and Rationalisation /Morris Kiwinda Mbondenyi -- Strengthening the African Regional Human Rights System /Manisuli Ssenyonjo -- African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights /Manisuli Ssenyonjo -- African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child /Manisuli Ssenyonjo -- Protocol to the African Charter on Human And Peoples' Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights /Manisuli Ssenyonjo -- Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa /Manisuli Ssenyonjo -- Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights /Manisuli Ssenyonjo -- List of Countries which have signed, ratified/acceded to the Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights as at 6 August 2010 /Manisuli Ssenyonjo -- Selected Bibliography /Manisuli Ssenyonjo -- Index /Manisuli Ssenyonjo.

Preliminary Material /Randall E. Osborne and Paul Kriese -- INTRODUCTION /Richard T. Hull , Randall E. Osborne and Paul Kriese -- INTRODUCTION TO PART ONE /Matthew Crosston -- GLOBAL SECURITY: NEEDED: A NEW DEFINITION FOR A NEW CENTURY /Laura Meder -- FIGHTING TERROR AND SPREADING DEMOCRACY: WHEN THEORY AND PRACTICE COLLIDE /Matthew Crosston -- WRAP-UP OF PART ONE /Matthew Crosston -- INTRODUCTION TO PART TWO /Karen Lombardi -- LOVE AND HATE AS MORAL IMPERATIVES: RELIGIOUS PARADOX AS A CHALLENGE TO GLOBAL SECURITY /Randall E. Osborne , Paul Kriese and Stan Friedman -- SELF VERSUS OTHER; "US" VERSUS "THEM": THE SELF AS BASIS FOR CONFLICT /Anré Venter -- THE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP MEMBERSHIP AND ALIENATION: PROJECTIVE IDENTIFICATION AND THE OTHER /Karen Lombardi -- THE PSYCHOLOGY OF WHITENESS: MOVING BEYOND SEPARATION TO CONNECTION /Terri A. Karis -- DETERRING TERROR /Kevin C. M. Benson -- WRAP-UP OF PART TWO /Karen Lombardi -- INTRODUCTION TO PART THREE /C. Dominik Güss -- A "NON-MEDIA" LOOK AT THE MIDDLE EAST: ENHANCING GLOBAL SECURITY THROUGH EXPOSURE AND UNDERSTANDING /Sanaa Mounir Sadek -- INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON SOCIAL JUSTICE: ESSENTIALS FOR THE EFFORT TOWARD GLOBAL SECURITY /John M. Davis -- A CULTURAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SUICIDE TERRORISM AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT SUICIDE TERRORISM /C. Dominik Güss , Teresa Tuason and Vanessa Teixeira -- WRAP-UP OF PART THREE /C. Dominik Güss -- INTRODUCTION TO PART FOUR /Elizabeth Leigh Cralley and Brian Richard Wetzler -- PROPOSED STRATEGIES FOR INTEGRATION OF MILITARY AND CIVILIAN AGENCIES IN THE WAR ON TERRORISM WITHIN THE UNITED STATES AND ITS TERRITORIES /Richard Frizzell -- FROM COOPERATIVE INTERGROUP CONTACT TO PERSONAL MOTIVATION: A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON PROMOTING A MORE INCLUSIVE WORLDVIEW /Elizabeth Leigh Cralley and Brian Richard Wetzler -- PARTICIPATORY SUSTAINABILITY: BUILDING SUSTAINABILITY FOR COMPLEXITY AND CHANGE /Vicente L. Lopes and Vincent Luizzi -- Human Sustainability: Overview of Survival Technologies and Impediments to Their Development and Deployment /Stephen Paley , George K. Oister and Richard T. Hull -- ADAPTATION, SUSTAINABILITY AND JUSTICE /Jorge M. Valadez -- WRAP-UP OF PART FOUR /Elizabeth Leigh Cralley and Brian Richard Wetzler -- AN EXPLORATORY ESSAY ON JUSTICE, SECURITY, AND GENUINE PEACE /Joseph J. Califano -- EPILOGUE /Elizabeth D. Boepple -- WORKS CITED /Randall E. Osborne and Paul Kriese -- ABOUT THE AUTHORS /Randall E. Osborne and Paul Kriese -- INDEX /Randall E. Osborne and Paul Kriese -- VIBS /Randall E. Osborne and Paul Kriese.

This new examination of the Republic begins with questions ignored by most students of this famous and much-studied dialogue. Why is Plato's most extensive portrait of philosophy pervaded with the language and imagery of war? Why is a discussion supposedly about justice almost entirely about how to educate natural warriors? Why must the philosopher-kings of Kallipolis be first of all 'champions of war'? Why is the supposedly 'feminine drama' of Book Five preoccupied with war? The pursuit of questions such as these brings Craig to an understanding of Plato's teaching about justice, philosophy, and politics that differs radically from what is generally held today. The search for why the Republic's philosophers come from the ranks of 'war lovers' leads Craig to reassess the relation between the 'city in logos' and timocracy (the regime openly dedicated to war), and this reassessment in turn brings a new perspective on Plato's political thought in general. Similarly, analysis of the timocratic man leads to a deeper understanding of the psychology on which the whole dialogue is based, especially its teaching about justice and its treatment of love. Following the dialogue's hint that language provides the 'tracks' of ideas, Craig compares the four distinct kinds of love that figure in the dialogue, and thereby helps clarify several puzzling issues, not the least of which is the strange kinship between the philosopher and the tyrant. And through examining the peculiar problems posed by what he argues are two distinct kinds of timocrats - exemplified by Glaukon and Adeimantos - Craig illuminates the rationale underlying both educational schemes sketched in the dialogue: the political one of Books Two and Three and the pre-philosophical one of Book Seven. One chapter explores the analogical and allegorical dimensions of Book Five, as well as its actual political implications; there Craig offers clarification of the contemporary debate about sex roles. In bringing the Republic vividly to life, Craig shows that Plato's ideas on virtually all questions of permanent interest to human beings provide a corrective to views now in vogue. The War Lover is thus as much a commentary on contemporary intellectual and political life as it is a challenging new interpretation of an ancient text

This new examination of the Republic begins with questions ignored by most students of this famous and much-studied dialogue. Why is Plato's most extensive portrait of philosophy pervaded with the language and imagery of war? Why is a discussion supposedly about justice almost entirely about how to educate natural warriors? Why must the philosopher-kings of Kallipolis be first of all 'champions of war'? Why is the supposedly 'feminine drama' of Book Five preoccupied with war? The pursuit of questions such as these brings Craig to an understanding of Plato's teaching about justice, philosophy, and politics that differs radically from what is generally held today. The search for why the Republic's philosophers come from the ranks of 'war lovers' leads Craig to reassess the relation between the 'city in logos' and timocracy (the regime openly dedicated to war), and this reassessment in turn brings a new perspective on Plato's political thought in general. Similarly, analysis of the timocratic man leads to a deeper understanding of the psychology on which the whole dialogue is based, especially its teaching about justice and its treatment of love. Following the dialogue's hint that language provides the 'tracks' of ideas, Craig compares the four distinct kinds of love that figure in the dialogue, and thereby helps clarify several puzzling issues, not the least of which is the strange kinship between the philosopher and the tyrant. And through examining the peculiar problems posed by what he argues are two distinct kinds of timocrats - exemplified by Glaukon and Adeimantos - Craig illuminates the rationale underlying both educational schemes sketched in the dialogue: the political one of Books Two and Three and the pre-philosophical one of Book Seven. One chapter explores the analogical and allegorical dimensions of Book Five, as well as its actual political implications; there Craig offers clarification of the contemporary debate about sex roles. In bringing the Republic vividly to life, Craig shows that Plato's ideas on virtually all questions of permanent interest to human beings provide a corrective to views now in vogue. The War Lover is thus as much a commentary on contemporary intellectual and political life as it is a challenging new interpretation of an ancient text.

Introductory Study -- The Human Condition within the Unity-of-Everything-There-Is-Alive: A Challenge to Philosophical Anthropologies -- I The Phenomenology of the Moral Sense of Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka -- The Moral Sense: An Appraisal -- The Phenomenologico-Sociological Conception of the "Human Being-on-the-Brink-of-Existence": A New Approach to Socio-Communal Psychiatry -- II Human Selfhood and Personal Identity Within Communal Bonds -- Truth, Authenticity, and Culture -- Man within the Limit of the I: Some Considerations on Husserl's Philosophy from the Thought of Nicola Abbagnano -- Narrating the Self -- Sartre's Account of the Self in The Transcendence of the Ego -- The Concept of "Person" between Existence and the Realm of Life -- The Truth and Identity of a Person and of a People -- III The Moral Sense, Ethics, and Social Justice -- Ethics and Subjectivity Today -- Moral Sense, Community, and the Individual: Georg Simmel's Position in an Ongoing Discussion -- Personal Identity and Concrete Values -- The Moral Act -- Scientific Phenomenology and Bioethics -- Social Justice on Trial: The Verdict of History -- The Justice of Mercy: Reflections on Law, Social Theory and Heidegger's "Everyday" -- Ceki? und Lukács über die Ontologie des gesellschaftlichen Seins: Die Prioritätsfrage -- The Phenomenology of Value and the Value of Phenomenology -- IV Human Selfhood, Will, Personal Development, and Community Life in a Psychiatric Perspective -- Some Epistemological Aspects of Present-Day Psychopathology -- Ethics in the Psyche's Individuating Development towards the Self -- Free Will in Psychopaths: A Phenomenological Description -- The Problem of the Unconscious in the Later Thought of L. Binswanger: A Phenomenological Approach to Delusion in Perception and Communication -- The Unattainability of the Norm -- "The Emotional Residence": An Italian Experience of the Treatment of Chronic Psychosis -- Hacia un concepto significativo de lo patologico y lo sano, de lo anormal y lo normal -- Husserl, Child Education, and Creativity -- Recovering the Moral Sense of Health Care from Academic Reification -- V The Historicity of the Human Person: Development, Intersubjectivity, Truth and Time -- Edmund Husserl: Intersubjectivity between Epoché and History -- The Development of Time Consciousness from Husserl to Heidegger -- Husserl's Concept of Horizon: An Attempt at Reappraisal -- Mead and Merleau-Ponty: Meaning, Perception, and Behavior -- The Role of Historicity in Man's Creative Experience: A Comparative Analysis of the Ideas of Kant, Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger, and the Hermeneutical School -- The Reality and Structure of Time: A Neo-Hegelian Paradox in the Conceptual Network of Phenomenology -- Time, Truth, and Culture in Husserl and Hegel -- Index of Names.

People form part of the biosphere - the biosphere being the whole intertwined network of life on Earth. While there is convergence on the need for societal change for just sustainability and a healthy biosphere, the pathways to achieve these transformations remain relatively unclear. Through legal interpretation, conceptual and thematic analysis of academic and grey literature, we seek to answer the following two questions: (a) how does the concept of Biosphere Defender enable a deeper and distinct understanding of who environmental defenders are and their role in just sustainability transformations? and (b) how does international human rights law contribute to specify the content of biosphere defenders' rights? To address these questions, we first critically review the scope and limitations of the notion of Environmental Human Rights Defenders (EHRD) in human rights narratives in international law and policy. We examine how understandings of EHRD portray those defending their land and environment and what limitations this concept has in terms of possibilities for reflecting on transformations towards just sustainability. Second, we propose an alternative and/or complementary understanding of EHRD by using the concept of Biosphere Defenders. We also develop the Defend-Biosphere Framework to analyse the role of these actors as agents of change in pathways towards just sustainability. Third, to empirically illustrate the role of Biosphere Defenders, and the use of the Defend-Biosphere Framework we present two case studies from Latin America analyzing initiatives catalyzed by rural people who are defending their lands and territories while generating new ways to relate to socio-ecological systems and engage with the State and the economy. In both case studies, we find that relational values of solidarity, responsibility, and care (between human and other living beings) are central in understanding Biosphere Defenders' initiatives creating pathways towards just sustainability. The findings of this article are of particular relevance to the implementation of the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment in the context of the Escazu Agreement on access to information, public participation and access to justice in environmental matters in Latin America and the Caribbean, the Aarhus Convention on access to information, public participation and access to justice in environmental matters and the Montreal-Kunming Global Biodiversity Framework in particular Target 22 (access to information, participation, access to justice and environmental defenders) and Target 23 (gender equality).

The study of the historical and axiological foundations of Russian statehood is directly related to problems of national and civic identity and addresses the task of ensuring and protecting political sovereignty and national independence. Based on the analysis of a large corpus of works by Russian thinkers, writers, poets, religious and state figures of the 19th century, the content of such basic values as "freedom", "truth" and "justice" was reconstructed, which maintained their significance throughout the history of Russia, but were substantively transformed in the public ideological-political discourse. The research was conducted based on the database of the National Corpus of the Russian Language (NCRL). In total, work was done with more than 7500 documents created during the period from 1801 to 1900. The main research methods, in addition to the general scientific methodology, were content analysis and politico-textological analysis. The concept of "freedom" was significant throughout almost the entire history of Russia, and in the 19th century, various aspects of it were addressed not only by thinkers and public figures of different ideological orientations, but also by publicists, poets, and writers. Interestingly, the legal and rational understanding of freedom was almost always combined with a moral and even religious content in the works of the authors of this period. The concept of "truth", despite being used in its substantive sense much less frequently in the 19th century than in previous centuries, still retains its important axiological value in the Russian intellectual tradition and represents a complex moral-social ideological complex. "Truth" as a socialpolitical concept combines both the values and meanings of the Orthodox righteous way of life of each individual and the principles and goals of a truly just social and state system. The concept of "justice" is a cornerstone of the Russian vision of an ideal social and state structure, along with truth and freedom. The specificity of the domestic ideological-political discourse of the 19th century is that the concept of justice is inseparably linked with both the individual and society and the state, receiving moral justification for the necessity of following this principle first and foremost in the name of the common good, and then, as a consequence, in the name of one's own well-being.

1International Court of Justice — Provisional measures — Prima facie jurisdiction — International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965 ("CERD") — Article 22 — Whether the Court having prima facie jurisdiction ratione materiae — Distinction between "national origin" and "nationality" under CERD — Whether procedural preconditions to the Court's jurisdiction met — Prior negotiation — Exhaustion of CERD-based procedures — Plausibility — Whether the acts of which Qatar complained were plausibly acts of racial discrimination — Irreparable prejudice — Urgency — Whether evidence submitted by Qatar proving that the rights claimed were under a real and imminent risk of irreparable prejudice — Reports of international organizations as evidence — Unilateral undertaking — Statement of 5 July 2018 by UAEInternational Court of Justice — Provisional measures requested by respondent State — Whether extending to protection of procedural rights — Procedural rights arising under Article 22 of CERD — Right to obtain compliance with provisional measures indicated earlier — Prima facie jurisdiction — Provisional measures for non-aggravation and non-extension of the dispute — Whether capable of being indicated only if provisional measures for protection of rights also indicatedInternational Court of Justice — Preliminary objections — Whether Court having jurisdiction under Article 22 of International Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, 1965 — Whether discrimination based on nationality prohibited by CERD — Whether Qatar's claim of discriminatory measures by United Arab Emirates falling within scope of CERD Treaties — Interpretation — Scope — International Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, 1965 — Article 1(1) — Meaning of "national origin" — Whether including current nationality — Object and purpose of treaty — Travaux préparatoires — Whether CERD intending to prohibit discrimination based on nationality — Whether Qatar's claim of discriminatory measures by United Arab Emirates falling within scope of CERDHuman rights — International Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, 1965 — Article 1(1) — Meaning of "national origin" — Whether including current nationality — 2Whether discrimination based on nationality prohibited by CERD — Whether Qatar's claim of discriminatory measures by United Arab Emirates falling within scope of CERDNationality — Nature of citizenship — Bond between State and citizen — Whether distinct from "national origin" — International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965, Article 1International tribunals — United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination — Weight to be given to practice of Committee — Jurisprudence of regional human rights courts — Relevance — Whether discrimination based on nationality prohibited by CERD

Doris Angst and Emma Lantschner (eds.), ICERD. Internationales Übereinkommen zur Beseitigung jeder Form von Rassendiskriminierung. Handkommentar, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden 2020, 700 pages, ISBN 9783848745951. (Christina Binder, Chair for International Law and International Human Rights Law, Bundeswehr University Munich)
Jochen von Bernstorff and Philipp Dann (eds.), The Battle for International Law: South-North Perspectives on the Decolonization Era, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2020, 496 pages, ISBN 9780198849636. (Sué González Hauck, Postdoctoral Scholar, German Center for Integration and Migration Research (DeZIM), Berlin)
Marija Đorđeska, General Principles of Law Recognized by Civilized Nations (1922 – 2018): The Evolution of the Third Source of International Law through the Jurisprudence of the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice, Brill/Nijhoff, Leiden 2020, 728 pages, ISBN 9789004375062. (Janina Barkholdt, Associate Legal Officer, International Court of Justice)
Marc Engelhart and Sunčana Roksandić Vidlička (eds.), Dealing with Terrorism: Empirical and Normative Challenges of Fighting the Islamic State, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2019, 296 pages, ISBN 9783428157990. (Malcolm Jorgensen, Non-Resident Fellow, Berlin-Potsdam Research Group, Freie Universität Berlin)
Helene Ruiz Fabri et al. (eds.), International Judicial Legitimacy: New Voices and Approaches, Nomos, Baden-Baden 2020, 300 pages, ISBN 9783848767625. (Steven Wheatley, Professor of International Law, University of Lancaster)
Bardo Fassbender (ed.), Key Documents on the Reform of the UN Security Council 1991 – 2019, Brill Nijhoff, Leiden/Boston 2020, 1444 pages, ISBN 9789004421738. (Bjarke Zinck Winther, Aalborg University)
Muwon Hong, Die Grossraumtheorie von Carl Schmitt im Vergleich mit dem ostasiatischen Völkerrechtsverständnis, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2019, 440 pages, ISBN 9783428158065. (Robert Kolb, Professor of Public International Law, University of Geneva)
Wolfgang Kahl and Marc-Philippe Weller (eds.), Climate Change Litigation, Beck/Hart/Nomos, München/Oxford/Baden-Baden 2021, 565 pages, ISBN 9783406743894. (Alexander Proelss, Chair in the International Law of the Sea and International Environmental Law, Public International Law, and Public Law, University of Hamburg)
Marjan Peeters and Mariolina Eliantonio (eds.), Research Handbook on EU Environmental Law, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2021, 524 pages, ISBN 9781788970662. (Christina Voigt, Professor, Department of Public and International Law, University of Oslo)
Emmanuel Roucounas, A Landscape of Contemporary Theories of International Law, Brill Nijhoff, Leiden/Boston 2019, 731 pages, ISBN 9789004385351. (Robert Kolb, Professor of Public International Law, University of Geneva)

In late 2018, the South African Constitutional Court delivered judgment in Law Society of South Africa v President of the Republic of South Africa, which had been referred to it by the North Gauteng High Court. The matter concerned the constitutionality of former president Jacob Zuma's support for and signing of the infamous 2014 Southern African Development Community (SADC) summit protocol, which has deprived the people of the SADC region from recourse to the SADC Tribunal. In short, the Constitutional Court confirmed both the finding that the signing of the protocol was unconstitutional, and the order for the president's signature to be removed, exactly as the high court had ruled. While welcoming the judgment, this contribution explores whether the ruling offers credible hope to SADC citizens and represents an important milestone for South Africa and the region. Or is it a token victory for constitutional democracy and the rule of law? A discussion of the judgment, supplemented by references to other case law and literature, leads to two conclusions: Firstly, it is evident that the South African constitutional scheme is extensive in reach, and the Constitution is central in the interpretation of treaty and customary international law. While the majority judgment ironically deviates from this, instead focusing more on the dictates of international law, the minority judgment clearly locates the grounds for reviewing the former president's conduct in his failure to respect the rights in our Constitution. Secondly, the order to un-sign the protocol could be seen as an opportunity for South Africa to recommit to justice, the rule of law, human rights and the key values of democracy. The South African president did eventually withdraw South Africa's signature from the protocol but the question remains whether the judgment and the un-signing of the protocol are token victories for maintaining the rule of law, particularly fostering access to justice in a regional court for ordinary citizens, in South Africa and the sub-Saharan region. It is one thing to un-sign a contentious protocol that divested the region's people of an avenue of access to justice; it is another to repair the damage that was caused by the events discussed later which effectively dismantled the SADC tribunal; something about which the political elite has remained silent.