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Modern mass media play a key role in shaping the picture of the human world and largely control the dissemination of information that affects our perceptions, attitudes, and ultimately our behavior. This means that other people always influence the behavior of any person. Information can be both positive and negative. Thus, the requirements set by society for preparing a person for a full-fledged orientation in an increasing flow of information and the insufficient theoretical and practical development of this issue indicate the relevance of the research problem. Media education is a hot topic today not only in Turkey and in the Republic of Moldova, but all over the world. The issues of media education in both countries are currently being discussed among scientists, teachers, non-governmental organizations, in general, people advanced in the field of new technologies. Everyone understands that this is necessary, but so far society has not paid much attention to these issues. The article is devoted to the main trends in the development of the media education movement in Turkey and the Republic of Moldova.

Donald Trump?s insurgent candidacy and subsequent presidency are larger than the man. He has ridden a wave of populist anger, conservatism, and fervor for reform that is aimed directly at The Swamp: the entrenched powers-that-be in Washington and elsewhere, the Old Order of an elite government-media-academia triad. Swamp rulers and warriors alike have set the tone for American politics virtually unchallenged for a generation; now, however, they are caught surprised and flat-footed by the populist revolt that threatens their stranglehold on our nation?s policy and politics. Predictably, the Old Order has spent the Trump presidency attempting to delegitimize the New Populism?defining legitimate popular dissent as an outgrowth of racism, sexism, and other forms of bigotry, while executing vicious personal assaults on the character of anyone who speaks for the movement, whether it?s Donald Trump, members of his administration, his few admirers in the media, or even average Trump-supporting Americans who have had the audacity to speak out. These explosive Swamp Wars, erupting almost daily in "breaking news" headlines, represent a pitched battle for the heart, soul, and future of America.-

Показана роль средств массовой информации в распространении социальных, политических, научных мифов, а также их влияние на систему образования. Ставятся острые вопросы о противоречиях в массовом сознании и, соответственно, в образовательной сфере. Поднимается проблема «прогресса» в развитии общества. Сравниваются советская и современная системы образования. Указываются недостатки нынешнего планирования учебного процесса в учреждениях высшего образования. = The role of mass media in disseminating social, political, scientific myths and their impact on the education system is highlighted. Acute questions about the contradictions in mass consciousness and consequently in the field of education are raised. The issue of «progress» in the development of society is raised. The Soviet educational system and a modern one are compared. The drawbacks of the current planning process in higher education institutions are pointed out.

This article examines conceptions of American national identity by contrasting Americans' responses to the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941 with their responses to the terrorist attacks in 2001. Examinations of official rhetoric, mass media statements, and public opinion polls after Pearl Harbor and after 9/11 reveal changes as well as continuities in the relationship between conceptions of national identity and responses to experiencing threat in the face of diversity. Lingering ascriptivist views have been awakened by 9/11, yet this narrow image of American identity is being directly challenged by a more inclusive incorporationist tradition. This clash of symbolic conceptions of national identity results in divergence between elite rhetoric and mass opinion, with elites promoting incorporationism and ordinary citizens displaying the reawakening of ascriptivist norms.

An economic model of news contends that the pressures of limited column space and market competition force media actors to be strategic concerning which notable events receive exhaustive coverage, if any at all. Applying this framework to the Supreme Court can explain why coverage of the Justices' decision-making has historically been sensationalized and reserved for decisions sure to have a pronounced effect on public discourse. However, the emergence of social media as a practical alternative for mass media dissemination raises notable questions, chief among them being whether the economic framework fully extends to this newer medium. In this study, I analyze media coverage of the Court's decisions using Twitter and observe important distinctions among environments for news dissemination. I argue that the apparent reduction in the economic costs associated with coverage dissemination and consumption on social media platforms like Twitter requires viewing Supreme Court news in these environments through an amended theoretical framework.

"Contributors analyze how whiteness haunts popular culture, social media, education, and pedagogy, as well as theories of race themselves"--Provided by publisher

The article studies the peculiarities of using the so-called «somebody else's» words, in particular precedent utterances (based on the example of the sites «Ukrainska pravda», «Dzerkalo tyzhnia», «Ukraina moloda»). Here included quotations from different texts, proverbs and sayings which make semantic space of a definite text extract, language aphorisms, and sayings, various political slogans which are quite often found in media language and in the language of the Ukrainian population. Also methods of introduction of precedent utterances to a media text as well as their impact on the reader are analyzed in the article, precedent phenomena, which the journalist uses in their own text that give the publications an ironic, emotionally-expressive, satirical tone, and give the option to enter events in general historical and cultural context are researched. ; В статье исследуются особенности употребления в современной журналистике так называемого «чужого» слова, а именно прецедентного высказывания (на примере сайтов «Украинская правда», «Зеркало недели», «Украина молодая»), рассматриваются способы внедрения в медиатекст прецедентных высказываний, анализируется их влияние на массового читателя. ; У статті досліджуються особливості використання в сучасній журналістиці так званого «чужого» слова, а саме – прецедентного висловлювання (на прикладі сайтів «Українська правди», «Дзеркало тижня», «Україна молода»), розглядаються способи впровадження в медіатекст прецедентних висловлювань, аналізується їх вплив на масового читача.

Latin American mass media are going beyond the mere production of information to become agents of social projects from a corporate and socially responsible framework in alliance with external players, particularly civil society organizations (cso). This paper puts forward the results of research work which collects, for the first time, the experiences of some of these alliances between media and cso in Latin America and Colombia for the benefit of Democracy and Human Rights. Via interviews with some of the main players, the study identifies both challenges and lessons for future alliances in an attempt to strengthen the contribution of mass media to the development of democracy and human rights in Colombia. ; Los medios de comunicación latinoamericanos están trascendiendo de productores de información a gestores de proyectos sociales desde un marco de responsabilidad social empresarial, y en alianza con actores externos, en particular con organizaciones de la sociedad civil (OSC). El presente artículo recoge los resultados de una investigación financiada por la embajada del Reino Unido en Colombia que recopila, por primera vez, algunas experiencias en América Latina y Colombia de alianzas entre medios y OSC, en pro de la democracia y los derechos humanos. A través de entrevistas con algunos de sus protagonistas, el estudio identifica retos y lecciones para futuras alianzas. Así ayuda a fortalecer la contribución de los medios de comunicación a la democracia y los derechos humanos en Colombia.

With changes in economic system, cultural and creative industries that are associated with art, mass media and media activities comprise an increasing part of a country economy. Cultural and creative industries sector impacts the economic system not only through main economic indicators but also indirectly: it develops creativity, innovativeness and innovation, which encourage the sector development itself and contribute to the growth of other sectors. It provides an argument for the scientific problem formulated in the dissertation – what are the theoretical assumptions for the cultural and creative industries and how to evaluate cultural and creative industries sector? The research problem covers the majority of basic principles of the sector: evaluation of cultural and economic value, the opposition between economically inefficient cultural industries and commercially successful creative industries, impact on country's economic growth and welfare. In the dissertation the concept of cultural and creative industries was discussed; classification systems were analysed; concept of cultural and economic value was introduced; complex model of cultural and creative industries was presented, and the impact of cultural and creative industries on socioeconomic system was analysed. In order to evaluate the sector, predominant methods for evaluating the sector were reviewed, critical analysis of creativity indexes was performed, the demand for a new analytical tool was considered, and cultural and creative industries index was developed. Cultural and creative industries index has been calculated for the European Union countries (2000-2014); according the CCII the comparison European Union countries has been performed, and opportunities to apply it for further empirical research has been studied and possible trends for further evaluation of cultural and creative industries sector have been formed.

With changes in economic system, cultural and creative industries that are associated with art, mass media and media activities comprise an increasing part of a country economy. Cultural and creative industries sector impacts the economic system not only through main economic indicators but also indirectly: it develops creativity, innovativeness and innovation, which encourage the sector development itself and contribute to the growth of other sectors. It provides an argument for the scientific problem formulated in the dissertation – what are the theoretical assumptions for the cultural and creative industries and how to evaluate cultural and creative industries sector? The research problem covers the majority of basic principles of the sector: evaluation of cultural and economic value, the opposition between economically inefficient cultural industries and commercially successful creative industries, impact on country's economic growth and welfare. In the dissertation the concept of cultural and creative industries was discussed; classification systems were analysed; concept of cultural and economic value was introduced; complex model of cultural and creative industries was presented, and the impact of cultural and creative industries on socioeconomic system was analysed. In order to evaluate the sector, predominant methods for evaluating the sector were reviewed, critical analysis of creativity indexes was performed, the demand for a new analytical tool was considered, and cultural and creative industries index was developed. Cultural and creative industries index has been calculated for the European Union countries (2000-2014); according the CCII the comparison European Union countries has been performed, and opportunities to apply it for further empirical research has been studied and possible trends for further evaluation of cultural and creative industries sector have been formed.

Purpose of the study: This study seeks to explore the influence of culture on audiences' responses to online negative campaigns during Indonesia's 2014 and 2019 presidential elections. It shows that voter behavior is not determined entirely by media messages, as voters' decisions are strongly informed by their cultural and family backgrounds. Methodology: Negative campaign messages conveyed through online mass-media coverage were used as the main object of this study. These messages were analyzed categorically, with a focus on their themes, values, and ideologies. Data inference was made contextually, with a specific focus on cultural context. Main Findings: Mass media audiences' reception of negative campaigns is not homogenous, but influenced by political ideologies, social statuses, cultures, past experiences, and family characteristics. As such, negative campaigns do not influence the perceptions of mass media audiences, but rather reinforces audiences' existing political preferences. This is because Indonesian audiences are not individual (as common among new media audiences), but rather collective. They are divided into specific groups based on their political ideologies and the socio-cultural values that they learn from their families. Applications of this study: The findings can be applied to evaluate the media's effectiveness in constructing public knowledge and shaping public decisions. Novelty/Originality of this study: Although it has long been argued that the media can shape public opinions and decisions, this study shows that it plays a significant role in reinforcing existing political preferences. Audiences use the media to justify values that, owing to their specific family backgrounds and social environments, they have already embraced.

The constant media coverage of the Middle East in terms of conflicts, terror attacks, and wars affects the media and public image of countries in this area. In analyzing marketing initiatives, media policy, public relations crisis techniques, and the components of advertising campaigns, the goal of this article is to uncover the strategies used by Middle Eastern marketers to restore a positive image to bring back tourism after crises during the past decade. Based on the multistep model for altering place image, the study used qualitative content analysis of advertisements, press interviews with Middle Eastern officials and marketers, national tourism board websites, and reports about marketing initiatives that appeared in the press and on global tourism news websites. The analysis shows that Middle Eastern marketers employed three types of strategies to restore a positive image: source, message, and audience.