The article enters a heated debate about the ideals and organization of the postmodern left. Hardt and Negri, two key figures in this debate, claim that their concept of the multitude — a revolutionary, proletarian body that organizes singularities — integrates the insights of Deleuze and Lenin. I argue, however, that Deleuze anticipated and resisted a Leninist appropriation of his political theory. This essay challenges the widely accepted assumption that Hardt and Negri carry forth Deleuze's legacy. At the same time, the essay advocates Deleuze's concept of left assemblages — protean political bodies working for freedom and equality — as a valuable but underappreciated contribution to the liberal-democratic tradition.
In this essay, my focus is on the politicization of "identity" as an aspect of political competition within the U.S. government at critical moments in the modern making (and unmaking) of rights. I draw on a comparison of two textual examples: transcripts of the hearings that yielded the Civil Rights Act of 1990 and a reading of Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye. Their antithetical visions of identity offer a "way in" to a particular moment in the recent U.S. past when race was resignified in public policy debates that clarified the emergent political dominance of the conservative movement—and then partially reclaimed with the assertion of identity as a theoretical object in anthropology and adjacent academic fields.
This article examines and assesses Pierre Manent's critique of the European political project and his concomitant endorsement of the nation-state. It first presents Manent's basic arguments against the European Union, focusing on his Aristotelian understanding of political forms and his notion of the body politic. Subsequently, it argues that Manent's position, in part due to its Aristotelian underpinnings, is deeply problematic, in that it disregards the contingency and the element of representation that are necessarily inherent in the foundation of every body politic. As a result, Manent's critique tends to downplay the contingency of the nation-state and to overplay the contingency of the European Union.
Despite Stephen Strehie's criticisms, the 'just war' tradition can be a useful & appropriate way of thinking through the ethical problems of war. If it remains grounded in the memory of human suffering, including the suffering of the enemy, then it is a flexible framework, open to new developments, which can guide ethical reflection. In fact, the just war tradition is a good example of the appropriate relation of religion to politics. Religious traditions must neither dictate political options directly, nor be separated from them entirely, but must engage the political sphere 'indirectly', via reasoned argumentation. Four elements of this indirect relation are described. 9 References. Adapted from the source document.
First, this article puts forth a political and cultural explanation for the fact that the work of Rawls and other American liberal analytic political philosophers was neglected in Portugal during the 1970s and 1980s. Second, the article describes Portuguese reactions to Rawls's ideas in the 1990s, focusing on commentaries by scholars and `public intellectuals'. Throughout this period, there was a gradual shift from glib partisan judgements to more careful responses. Third, the reception of Rawls in Portugal is compared with the reception in Spain. This comparison shows that both broad social context and the nature of academia tended to be more hospitable to Rawls in Spain than in Portugal. However, the situation is changing.
Over three decades, southeastern Mexico has experienced social and economic changes that restructured agriculture, exacerbated class divisions, and increasingly politicized ethnic relations in a region with a large indigenous population. The Zapatista rebellion of 1994 both reflected these processes and sharpened the economic, social, and political divisions growing out of them. It also refocused opposition to the political structures through which privileged elites, from the national government down to local officials, have controlled the region's resources and maintained order. As negotiations continue between the Zapatistas and the national government, the future is uncertain. Yet a lasting peace will have to accommodate the region's recent transformations of social structure.
Статья содержит обобщение накопленного опыта применения категории «дисбаланс» в философии, социологии, экономике, лингвистике и других науках в целях определения возможных перспектив ее использования в исследованиях государственно-правовых явлений. Указывается, что в экономических науках понятие дисбаланса получило наиболее детальную проработку и активно применяется в описании состояний неравновесности сложных экономических систем в настоящее время. Обосновывается допустимость и продуктивность проведения ряда аналогий с достижениями экономики и иных наук по осмыслению процессов сбалансированности и разбалансированности в развитии сложных систем применительно к процессу познания системы российского законодательства в юриспруденции. Делается вывод о том, что для теоретического моделирования вопросов стабильности и изменчивости, симметрии и асимметрии, пропорции и диспропорции, нормы и патологии, равенства и неравенства в отношении системы законодательства наибольшим эвристическим потенциалом обладает именно понятийная пара «баланс дисбаланс», которая в интегрированном виде способна отразить указанные процессы. ; The Article summarizes the experience gained in application of the category "imbalance" in philosophy, sociology, economics, linguistics and other sciences in order to determine the perspectives of its application in state and law studies. The Article underlines that the term "imbalance" was most comprehensively developed in economic sciences, and it is widely used to describe the state of nonequilibrium of complex economic systems at the present time. The Author substantiates admissibility and efficiency of drawing analogies with achievements of economics and other sciences in understanding of balance and imbalance in the development of complex systems as applied to the process of cognition of the system of Russian legislature in jurisprudence. The Author concludes that in order to provide theoretical development of the issues of stability and variability, symmetry and asymmetry, proportion and disproportion, norm and pathology, equality and inequality with regard to the system of legislature the highest heuristic potential belongs to the conceptual couple "balance-imbalance" that, when integrated, is able to reflect these processes.
This interdisciplinary volume features contributions from researchers in the fields of psychology, neuroscience, statistics, computer science, and physics. State-of-the-art techniques and applications used to analyze data obtained from studies in cognition, emotion, and electrophysiology are reviewed along with techniques for modeling in real time and for examining lifespan cognitive changes, for conceptualizing change using item response, nonparametric and hierarchical models, and control theory-inspired techniques for deriving diagnoses in medical and psychotherapeutic settings
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THE CRICHEL COWN AFFAIR OF JUNE 1954 WAS BELIEVED LIKELY TO PROVE INFLUENTIAL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRITISH CIVIL SERVICE. STRESS HAS BEEN LAID ON THE IMPORTANCE NOT SO MUCH OF WHAT WAS DONE BUT HOW IT WAS DONE. THE POLIICAL ROW THAT THE AFFAIR CAUSED SHOWED UP A FAILURE IN THE TRADITIONAL MACHINERY FOR THE REDNESS OF GRIEVANCES IN THE BRITISH POLITICAL SYSTEM.
My objective with this thesis is to understand how racist stereotypes and myths compounded the sale of fair-skinned black women during and after the slave trade in New Orleans, Louisiana. This commodification of black women's bodies continued well into the twentieth century, notably in New Orleans' vice district of Storyville. Called "quadroons" (a person with 1/4 African ancestry) and "octoroons" (1/8 African ancestry), these women were known for their "sexual prowess" and drew in a large number of patrons. The existence of "white passing" black women complicated ideas about race and racial purity in the South. Race as a myth and social construct, or as Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham explains in her essay, African-American Women's History and the Metalanguage of Race, a "metalanguage" exposes race not as a genetic fact, but rather a physical appearance through which power relations and status were to be conferred. My methodology uses race and gender theory to analyze primary and secondary sources to understand and contextualize how population demographics, myths, and liberal 18th century colonial laws contributed to the sale of black women's bodies. The works of Emily Clark, Walter Johnson, Gwendolyn Midlo Hall and other historians who utilize Atlantic history have been paramount in my research. Emily Clark has transformed the "white-black" women from a tragic, sexualized trope into a fully actualized human being, while Hall has tackled the racist underpinnings inherent in the neglect of black women's history. The writings of bell hooks, particularly her essay Eating the Other, establishes the modern day commodification of black women vis-a-vis their representation in media, as well as through the fetishism of their bodies by a white patriarchal system. During slavery plantation owners could do virtually anything they wanted with their property, including engaging in sexual intercourse. By depicting black women as hypersexual jezebels, they could justify their rape, while establishing their dominance and place in the white male hegemony of that time period. For the right price a white male of a lesser class could achieve the same thing at a brothel down in Storyville at the turn of the twentieth century, for as Emily Clark argues in her book, The Strange History of the American Quadroon, these brothels were a great equalizer, allowing all white men to experience "sexual mastery enjoyed only by elite planters before the Civil War." By democratizing white supremacy, the quadroon and others like her forged solidarity that bridge across all classes, while upholding whiteness and oppressing people of color at the same time. ; 2014-08-01 ; B.A. ; Arts and Humanities, Dept. of History ; Bachelors ; This record was generated from author submitted information.
The demand for glassware in the northern part of Europe saw a marked growth only in the 16th century although the history of glassmaking goes back several millennia. The population of the Baltic region, including the city of Klaipėda (Memel in German), did not remain on the margins of the glass culture developments in the modern period. Glassware featuring plastic shapes, delicate silhouettes and transparent materials spread widely across the entire region and became an integral attribute of a daily life, sociocultural patterns, etiquette and even military art in a relatively short time. A great deal of archaeological investigations in different fields has been accomplished in Klaipėda, whilst daily life of Klaipėda in the modern period has attracted the least attention on the part of researchers thus far. We possess little knowledge on the old Klaipėda gastronomy and table culture, health practices, sociocultural life of urban population and cultural ties of the local population with other cities, countries and regions. The situation of Klaipėda as a port city accounts for a circulation of a greater variety of commodities in the city itself and also for a diversity in the patterns of use of such commodities, therefore perspectives of the city case analyses through the prism of the studies of glass artefacts provide a deeper glance into the problem, i.e. in addition to general knowledge on Klaipėda glass artefacts, an issue of the use of glassware in different walks of life of the city population in the modern period is dealt with representing an integral part of the expectations postulated in the contemporary science of archaeology. What kind of impact on sociocultural life of Klaipėda population in the modern period was made by other countries and regions: in what ways material-social and spiritual-cultural life of the urbanites was influenced, how and by what means diverse urban population groups created their identity and their sense of distinctiveness, – these are the questions that this work attempts to provide answers for, at least in part. A single case study, as a reference point, can bring a significant contribution to the analysis of sociocultural history of other cities and towns of the same period in the territory of present - day Lithuania or former Prussia. It is easy to notice that the amount of archaeological data is increasing annually, and research of protected artefacts is expanding, nonetheless, imbalances in the development of the chains of data collection, its systematisation and interpretation remain an acute issue in the archaeological research both in Klaipėda and in Lithuania as a whole. In keeping with a concept that a consistent research of discreet groups of artefacts is a key element in the studies of urban life of earlier periods, a special focus is given to the heretofore understudied glassware items of Klaipėda, of which little information is available today. This fact has provided an incentive to effectively address the accumulated problems on both methodological and theoretical levels. Glassware, unlike pottery ware, has been used in the Lithuanian archaeological practice to a lesser degree for the purpose of characterisation of archaeological layers and structures, and for the interpretation and evaluation of changes in urban development, historical facts and processes. Thus far, glassware finds in Lithuania have not been systemised, classified or dated in chronological order, neither harmonisation of glass terminology and data documentation system has been attained, hence the question regarding museum assets is actualised, with a special focus on why and what glass artefacts should be preserved and which ones should be regarded not as significant in terms of scientific research. The glassware research provides an opportunity to compare manufacturing technological advancements, the glass culture transformations, and the expansion of import geography in Klaipėda over a period exceeding 300 years. Furthermore, it is not for nothing that circulation of the glassware in the modern period is linked to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, involving the research of consumption patterns through the medium of glassware, which opens up prospects for tackling social issues brought about by alcohol consumption, the causes and possible solutions thereof the modern world is still seeking for. As a matter of fact, this research may present a value for a general public that holds an opinion that a form of individual expression, involving things or certain products, is a feature of a modern consumer only. It must be noted that glass artefacts and perspectives of their analysis have not been properly considered neither by archaeologists of Lithuania nor archaeologists of other south-eastern Baltic region countries, which has prevented an objective assessment of general trends in the development of glass culture across the entire Baltic region. The object of this research is the development of manufacturing, or craft production, techniques, otherwise known as manual glassblowing, of glassware and culture of its use in Klaipėda in the modern period.
The demand for glassware in the northern part of Europe saw a marked growth only in the 16th century although the history of glassmaking goes back several millennia. The population of the Baltic region, including the city of Klaipėda (Memel in German), did not remain on the margins of the glass culture developments in the modern period. Glassware featuring plastic shapes, delicate silhouettes and transparent materials spread widely across the entire region and became an integral attribute of a daily life, sociocultural patterns, etiquette and even military art in a relatively short time. A great deal of archaeological investigations in different fields has been accomplished in Klaipėda, whilst daily life of Klaipėda in the modern period has attracted the least attention on the part of researchers thus far. We possess little knowledge on the old Klaipėda gastronomy and table culture, health practices, sociocultural life of urban population and cultural ties of the local population with other cities, countries and regions. The situation of Klaipėda as a port city accounts for a circulation of a greater variety of commodities in the city itself and also for a diversity in the patterns of use of such commodities, therefore perspectives of the city case analyses through the prism of the studies of glass artefacts provide a deeper glance into the problem, i.e. in addition to general knowledge on Klaipėda glass artefacts, an issue of the use of glassware in different walks of life of the city population in the modern period is dealt with representing an integral part of the expectations postulated in the contemporary science of archaeology. What kind of impact on sociocultural life of Klaipėda population in the modern period was made by other countries and regions: in what ways material-social and spiritual-cultural life of the urbanites was influenced, how and by what means diverse urban population groups created their identity and their sense of distinctiveness, – these are the questions that this work attempts to provide answers for, at least in part. A single case study, as a reference point, can bring a significant contribution to the analysis of sociocultural history of other cities and towns of the same period in the territory of present - day Lithuania or former Prussia. It is easy to notice that the amount of archaeological data is increasing annually, and research of protected artefacts is expanding, nonetheless, imbalances in the development of the chains of data collection, its systematisation and interpretation remain an acute issue in the archaeological research both in Klaipėda and in Lithuania as a whole. In keeping with a concept that a consistent research of discreet groups of artefacts is a key element in the studies of urban life of earlier periods, a special focus is given to the heretofore understudied glassware items of Klaipėda, of which little information is available today. This fact has provided an incentive to effectively address the accumulated problems on both methodological and theoretical levels. Glassware, unlike pottery ware, has been used in the Lithuanian archaeological practice to a lesser degree for the purpose of characterisation of archaeological layers and structures, and for the interpretation and evaluation of changes in urban development, historical facts and processes. Thus far, glassware finds in Lithuania have not been systemised, classified or dated in chronological order, neither harmonisation of glass terminology and data documentation system has been attained, hence the question regarding museum assets is actualised, with a special focus on why and what glass artefacts should be preserved and which ones should be regarded not as significant in terms of scientific research. The glassware research provides an opportunity to compare manufacturing technological advancements, the glass culture transformations, and the expansion of import geography in Klaipėda over a period exceeding 300 years. Furthermore, it is not for nothing that circulation of the glassware in the modern period is linked to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, involving the research of consumption patterns through the medium of glassware, which opens up prospects for tackling social issues brought about by alcohol consumption, the causes and possible solutions thereof the modern world is still seeking for. As a matter of fact, this research may present a value for a general public that holds an opinion that a form of individual expression, involving things or certain products, is a feature of a modern consumer only. It must be noted that glass artefacts and perspectives of their analysis have not been properly considered neither by archaeologists of Lithuania nor archaeologists of other south-eastern Baltic region countries, which has prevented an objective assessment of general trends in the development of glass culture across the entire Baltic region. The object of this research is the development of manufacturing, or craft production, techniques, otherwise known as manual glassblowing, of glassware and culture of its use in Klaipėda in the modern period.
The demand for glassware in the northern part of Europe saw a marked growth only in the 16th century although the history of glassmaking goes back several millennia. The population of the Baltic region, including the city of Klaipėda (Memel in German), did not remain on the margins of the glass culture developments in the modern period. Glassware featuring plastic shapes, delicate silhouettes and transparent materials spread widely across the entire region and became an integral attribute of a daily life, sociocultural patterns, etiquette and even military art in a relatively short time. A great deal of archaeological investigations in different fields has been accomplished in Klaipėda, whilst daily life of Klaipėda in the modern period has attracted the least attention on the part of researchers thus far. We possess little knowledge on the old Klaipėda gastronomy and table culture, health practices, sociocultural life of urban population and cultural ties of the local population with other cities, countries and regions. The situation of Klaipėda as a port city accounts for a circulation of a greater variety of commodities in the city itself and also for a diversity in the patterns of use of such commodities, therefore perspectives of the city case analyses through the prism of the studies of glass artefacts provide a deeper glance into the problem, i.e. in addition to general knowledge on Klaipėda glass artefacts, an issue of the use of glassware in different walks of life of the city population in the modern period is dealt with representing an integral part of the expectations postulated in the contemporary science of archaeology. What kind of impact on sociocultural life of Klaipėda population in the modern period was made by other countries and regions: in what ways material-social and spiritual-cultural life of the urbanites was influenced, how and by what means diverse urban population groups created their identity and their sense of distinctiveness, – these are the questions that this work attempts to provide answers for, at least in part. A single case study, as a reference point, can bring a significant contribution to the analysis of sociocultural history of other cities and towns of the same period in the territory of present - day Lithuania or former Prussia. It is easy to notice that the amount of archaeological data is increasing annually, and research of protected artefacts is expanding, nonetheless, imbalances in the development of the chains of data collection, its systematisation and interpretation remain an acute issue in the archaeological research both in Klaipėda and in Lithuania as a whole. In keeping with a concept that a consistent research of discreet groups of artefacts is a key element in the studies of urban life of earlier periods, a special focus is given to the heretofore understudied glassware items of Klaipėda, of which little information is available today. This fact has provided an incentive to effectively address the accumulated problems on both methodological and theoretical levels. Glassware, unlike pottery ware, has been used in the Lithuanian archaeological practice to a lesser degree for the purpose of characterisation of archaeological layers and structures, and for the interpretation and evaluation of changes in urban development, historical facts and processes. Thus far, glassware finds in Lithuania have not been systemised, classified or dated in chronological order, neither harmonisation of glass terminology and data documentation system has been attained, hence the question regarding museum assets is actualised, with a special focus on why and what glass artefacts should be preserved and which ones should be regarded not as significant in terms of scientific research. The glassware research provides an opportunity to compare manufacturing technological advancements, the glass culture transformations, and the expansion of import geography in Klaipėda over a period exceeding 300 years. Furthermore, it is not for nothing that circulation of the glassware in the modern period is linked to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, involving the research of consumption patterns through the medium of glassware, which opens up prospects for tackling social issues brought about by alcohol consumption, the causes and possible solutions thereof the modern world is still seeking for. As a matter of fact, this research may present a value for a general public that holds an opinion that a form of individual expression, involving things or certain products, is a feature of a modern consumer only. It must be noted that glass artefacts and perspectives of their analysis have not been properly considered neither by archaeologists of Lithuania nor archaeologists of other south-eastern Baltic region countries, which has prevented an objective assessment of general trends in the development of glass culture across the entire Baltic region. The object of this research is the development of manufacturing, or craft production, techniques, otherwise known as manual glassblowing, of glassware and culture of its use in Klaipėda in the modern period.
The demand for glassware in the northern part of Europe saw a marked growth only in the 16th century although the history of glassmaking goes back several millennia. The population of the Baltic region, including the city of Klaipėda (Memel in German), did not remain on the margins of the glass culture developments in the modern period. Glassware featuring plastic shapes, delicate silhouettes and transparent materials spread widely across the entire region and became an integral attribute of a daily life, sociocultural patterns, etiquette and even military art in a relatively short time. A great deal of archaeological investigations in different fields has been accomplished in Klaipėda, whilst daily life of Klaipėda in the modern period has attracted the least attention on the part of researchers thus far. We possess little knowledge on the old Klaipėda gastronomy and table culture, health practices, sociocultural life of urban population and cultural ties of the local population with other cities, countries and regions. The situation of Klaipėda as a port city accounts for a circulation of a greater variety of commodities in the city itself and also for a diversity in the patterns of use of such commodities, therefore perspectives of the city case analyses through the prism of the studies of glass artefacts provide a deeper glance into the problem, i.e. in addition to general knowledge on Klaipėda glass artefacts, an issue of the use of glassware in different walks of life of the city population in the modern period is dealt with representing an integral part of the expectations postulated in the contemporary science of archaeology. What kind of impact on sociocultural life of Klaipėda population in the modern period was made by other countries and regions: in what ways material-social and spiritual-cultural life of the urbanites was influenced, how and by what means diverse urban population groups created their identity and their sense of distinctiveness, – these are the questions that this work attempts to provide answers for, at least in part. A single case study, as a reference point, can bring a significant contribution to the analysis of sociocultural history of other cities and towns of the same period in the territory of present - day Lithuania or former Prussia. It is easy to notice that the amount of archaeological data is increasing annually, and research of protected artefacts is expanding, nonetheless, imbalances in the development of the chains of data collection, its systematisation and interpretation remain an acute issue in the archaeological research both in Klaipėda and in Lithuania as a whole. In keeping with a concept that a consistent research of discreet groups of artefacts is a key element in the studies of urban life of earlier periods, a special focus is given to the heretofore understudied glassware items of Klaipėda, of which little information is available today. This fact has provided an incentive to effectively address the accumulated problems on both methodological and theoretical levels. Glassware, unlike pottery ware, has been used in the Lithuanian archaeological practice to a lesser degree for the purpose of characterisation of archaeological layers and structures, and for the interpretation and evaluation of changes in urban development, historical facts and processes. Thus far, glassware finds in Lithuania have not been systemised, classified or dated in chronological order, neither harmonisation of glass terminology and data documentation system has been attained, hence the question regarding museum assets is actualised, with a special focus on why and what glass artefacts should be preserved and which ones should be regarded not as significant in terms of scientific research. The glassware research provides an opportunity to compare manufacturing technological advancements, the glass culture transformations, and the expansion of import geography in Klaipėda over a period exceeding 300 years. Furthermore, it is not for nothing that circulation of the glassware in the modern period is linked to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, involving the research of consumption patterns through the medium of glassware, which opens up prospects for tackling social issues brought about by alcohol consumption, the causes and possible solutions thereof the modern world is still seeking for. As a matter of fact, this research may present a value for a general public that holds an opinion that a form of individual expression, involving things or certain products, is a feature of a modern consumer only. It must be noted that glass artefacts and perspectives of their analysis have not been properly considered neither by archaeologists of Lithuania nor archaeologists of other south-eastern Baltic region countries, which has prevented an objective assessment of general trends in the development of glass culture across the entire Baltic region. The object of this research is the development of manufacturing, or craft production, techniques, otherwise known as manual glassblowing, of glassware and culture of its use in Klaipėda in the modern period.
