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Improving Consensus Development for Health Technology Assessment: An International Perspective -- Copyright -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- PREFACE -- Contents -- INTRODUCTION -- ELEMENTS OF THE CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT PROCESS -- Sponsorship and Role of Consensus Development Programs within National Health Care Systems -- THE U.S. EXPERIENCE IN CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT -- CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- Topic and Scope of Consensus Development Conferences: Criteria and Approach for Selection of Topics and Properties for… -- SCOPE OF THE CONFERENCE -- SELECTION OF TOPIC -- References -- Documentation and Use of Evidence in the Consensus Conference Process -- THE CONSENSUS PROCESS -- Preparation of the Process -- Review of the Existing Evidence -- Selection of the Panel -- Selection of the Speakers -- Formulation of Recommendations -- SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE -- References -- Format and Conduct of Consensus Development Conferences: A Multination Comparison -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- RESULTS -- Context -- Audience -- Issues -- Topic Selection -- Topics -- Prepanel Process -- Responsibility for Planning -- Review of Literature -- Review of Current Clinical Practice -- Patient Outcome Data -- Advance Preparation of Recommendations or Questions -- Panel Composition -- Panel Size -- Panel Chair -- Panel Members -- Consensus Panel Meeting -- Product -- Meeting Time -- Public Forums -- Private Panel Sessions -- Definition of Consensus -- Decision-Making Process -- Sensitivity to Group Process Issues -- DISCUSSION -- Link between Goals and Inputs -- Formalizing the Group Process -- Writing the Consensus Statement -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- Dissemination and Impact of Consensus Development Statements -- ELEMENTS OF DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES -- Attributes.

Preliminary Material -- Introduction -- 1 UN Membership of the "New" Yugoslavia: Continuity or Break? -- 2 Was Yugoslavia a Member of the United Nations in the Years 1992–2000? -- 3 Consistently Inconsistent: The International Court of Justice and the Former Yugoslavia (Croatia volume Serbia) -- 4 Russia Takes Over the Soviet Union's Seat at the United Nations -- 5 Sauter pour mieux reculer: The Security Council's New Look -- 6 Proposals for UN Security Council Reform -- 7 UN General Assembly Meetings Held outside New York -- 8 The Beirut Raid and the International Double Standard. A Reply to Professor Richard A. Falk -- 9 State Response to Acts of Terrorism -- 10 Economic Boycotts in International Law -- 11 The Missing Reversioner: Reflections on the Status of Judea and Samaria -- 12 The Juridical Status of Jerusalem -- 13 Operation Kadesh: A Legal Perspective -- 14 From Camp David to Oslo -- 15 The Evolution of Israel's Boundaries -- 16 Israel and the United Nations: A Retrospective Overview -- 17 Privileges and Immunities of United Nations Officials in Israel -- 18 The Ratification of Treaties in Israel -- 19 Israel Marriage Law and Human Rights -- 20 De Facto Recognition and Diplomatic Immunities -- 21 Reflections on the Changing Concept of Self-Determination -- 22 Extradition: A Common Approach to the Control of International Terrorism and Traffic in Narcotic Drugs -- 23 The Gulf of Sidra Incident -- 24 The Role of Equity in International Law -- 25 On the Restitution of Jewish Cultural Property Looted in World War II -- 1 Appointment of Israeli Resident as Foreign Diplomat in Israel (Costa Rica) -- 2 Testimony by Israeli Diplomat in a Local Nigerian Court -- 3 Privileges and Immunities of Local Employee of the Austrian Embassy in Israel (Dr. Hans Kadisch) -- 4 What is a "Diplomatic Aircraft"? -- 5 Haitian National as Technical Employee at U.S. Embassy in Israel -- 6 Appointment of Consular Officer as Chargé des Affaires (Costa Rica) -- 7 Special Diplomatic Relations Without De Jure Recognition (Israel-Iran) -- 8 Relations with Non-Recognized Government (Togo's Independence Day Reception) -- 9 Payment on Delivery of Diplomatic Bag (Ecuador) -- 10 Upper Volta Demands Income Tax from Israeli Expert -- 11 Do Diplomats Have to Pay Foreign Travel Tax? (Ecuador) -- 12 Israel Consul in Los Angeles as Plaintiff in Civil Proceedings -- 13 Consular Activities outside the Consulate's Area of Jurisdiction (India) -- 14 How Many Honorary Consuls of Panama in Israel? -- 15 Honorary Consul of Denmark in Israel—Exemption from Foreign Travel Tax -- 16 Tax Exemptions of Honorary Consul-General in Israel (Honduras) -- 17 Request for Customs Exemption for Italian Consular Car in Haifa -- 18 The United Kingdom Consulate-General in Haifa—Request for Exemption from Stamp Duty -- 19 Status of Israel Mission in Cologne on Conclusion of the Israel–Germany Shilumim [Reparations] Agreement -- 20 Ben-Gurion – Adenauer Meeting in New York (Oral Agreement on German Economic Assistance to Israel?) -- 21 Does the Trade Agreement between Israel and the European Economic Community Require Ratification? -- 22 Do the Israeli Signatories of the Israel-EEC Trade Agreement Require Full Powers? -- 23 Raising the Israeli Flag on Mount Sc.

This paper analyzes the implications of price-setting and incomplete financial markets for optimal monetary cooperation. The main objective is to provide the basic intuitions concerning the role of the main international frictions on optimal policy within a simple Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model. We concentrate on a symmetric two-country DSGE with home bias, incomplete financial markets internationally and imperfect competition together with nominal price rigidities in which the export prices can be denominated either in the producer currency (PCP) or in the consumer currency (LCP). In addition, the model can account both for efficient and inefficient shocks. Our main results are derived in polar cases with efficient steady state and for which the design of the optimal policy is specifically illustrative and can be expressed in terms of targeting rules. In particular, the paper gives some new insights on the optimal exchange rate regime given the structure of shocks and the exchange rate pass-through, as well as on the optimal stabilization of CPI and PPI inflation. We also put into perspective the implication of financial autarky on the optimal management of international spillovers.

Over the last decades women have become central to international health efforts, but most international health agencies continue to focus narrowly on the maternal and reproductive aspects of women's health. This article explores the origins of this paradigm as demonstrated in the emergence of women's health in the Rockefeller Foundation's public health programs in Mexico in the 1920s and 1930s. These efforts bore a significant reproductive imprint; women dispensed and received services oriented to maternal and childbearing roles. Women's health and social advocacy movements in Mexico and the United States partially shaped this interest. Even more important, the emphasis on women in the Rockefeller programs proved an expedient approach to the Foundation's underlying goals: promoting bacteriologically based public health to the government, medical personnel, business interests, and peasants; helping legitimize the Mexican state; and transforming Mexico into a good political and commercial neighbor. The article concludes by showing the limits to the maternal and reproductive health model currently advocated by most donor agencies, which continue to skirt--or sidestep--major concerns that are integral to the health of women.

Selected quality of life indicators are linked to international conflict in the study. The primary analytic tool used is discriminant function analysis. Increased conflict appears to be linked to general government revenue increases, but expenditure decreases, along with decline and stagnation in certain measures of quality of life as indicated by such variables as infant mortality, calorie consumption, GNP growth rates and private consumption. It appears that management problems at home may lead to conflict abroad. If the finding has causal implications, efforts to assist states in areas such as agriculture, infant mortality, private consumption, etc., might help reduce conflict proneness in the international system Replication of these findings upon other data and other time periods, of course, would help strengthen this line of argument. In addition to what was found, it is interesting to note what was not found; that is, many variables which, from a theoretical perspective, could be expected to be linked to conflict were not. These included: defense expenditures/GNP, educational expenditures/GNP, military manpower, military manpower/working population, political rights, civil rights and political discrimination.

Obesity is thought to be the product of over 100 different factors, interacting as a complex system over multiple levels. Understanding the drivers of obesity requires considerable data, which are challenging, costly and time-consuming to collect through traditional means. Use of 'big data' presents a potential solution to this challenge. Big data is defined by Delphi consensus as: always digital, has a large sample size, and a large volume or variety or velocity of variables that require additional computing power (Vogel et al. Int J Obes. 2019). 'Additional computing power' introduces the concept of big data analytics. The aim of this paper is to showcase international research case studies presented during a seminar series held by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Strategic Network for Obesity in the UK. These are intended to provide an in-depth view of how big data can be used in obesity research, and the specific benefits, limitations and challenges encountered.

Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein länderübergreifendes, fortlaufendes Umfrageprogramm, das jährlich Erhebungen zu Themen durchführt, die für die Sozialwissenschaften wichtig sind. Das Programm begann 1984 mit vier Gründungsmitgliedern - Australien, Deutschland, Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten - und ist inzwischen auf fast 50 Mitgliedsländer aus aller Welt angewachsen. Da die Umfragen auf Replikationen ausgelegt sind, können die Daten sowohl für länder- als auch für zeitübergreifende Vergleiche genutzt werden. Jedes ISSP-Modul konzentriert sich auf ein bestimmtes Thema, das in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Details zur Durchführung der nationalen ISSP-Umfragen entnehmen Sie bitte der Dokumentation. Die vorliegende Studie konzentriert sich auf Fragen zu politischen Einstellungen und der Rolle der Regierung.

The study of religion and international religions has witnessed an exponential growth in recent decades. Courses and programs exploring the complex entanglements between faith and global politics have likewise mushroomed around the world. Despite this ferment, reflections on teaching religion and international relations have so far lagged behind. This forum seeks to remedy this general silence. It brings together a diverse range of scholars from a multiplicity of national, religious, methodological, and theoretical backgrounds who teach across a variety of different geographical settings including North America, Europe, and East Asia. Contributors reflect on three broad themes. First, how do we engage with the contested character of religion as a category of analysis and practice, and with the multidisciplinary nature of its study? Second, how does the context within which we operate—be it geographical, cultural, institutional, or historical—influence and shape who, what, and how we teach? Third, how do we address the important and, at times, contentious personal and ethical challenges that our research and teaching on religion and politics inevitably raises in the classroom?