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SOVIET LAW IS INCREASINGLY INFLUENCED BY INTERNATIONAL TREATIES TO WHICH THE SOVIET UNION IS A PARTY. OFTEN THE CONCLUSION OF AN INTERNATIONAL TREATY BRINGS ABOUT A CHANGE IN EXISTING SOVIET LAW. IN 1978 THE SOVIET UNION PASSED THE LAW ON THE PROCEDURE FOR THE CONCLUSION, EXECUTION, AND DENUNCIATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL TREATIES OF THE USSR, ESTABLISHING PROCEDURES FOR FULL CONFORMITY WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF GOOD FAITH FULFILLMENT BY THE STATE OF ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW.

The establishment of the International Criminal Court, on the one hand to promote the development of international criminal trial work, on the other hand, also on the serious harm to human crimes to crack down on the world has brought a huge impact, to maintain the peace and security of the international community for the purpose. However, as a new affair, the International Criminal Court also faces a series of development problems that need to be solved urgently. Under this background, this paper starts with the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, discusses the emergence of the International Criminal Court, the scope of jurisdiction, the challenges and opportunities it faces in the current development process, and gives corresponding suggestions on its improvement.

This paper makes two contributions to the literature on the determinants of international migration flows. First, we compile a new dataset on annual bilateral migration flows covering 15 OECD destination countries and 120 sending countries for the period 1980-2006. We also collect data on time-varying immigration policies that regulate the entry of immigrants for our destination countries over this period. Second, we extend the empirical model of migration choice across multiple destinations developed by Grogger and Hanson (2011) by allowing for unobserved individual heterogeneity between migrants and non-migrants. Our estimates show that international migration flows are highly responsive to income per capita at destination. This elasticity is twice as high for within-EU migration, reflecting the higher degree of labor mobility within the European Union. We also find that tightening of laws regulating immigrant entry reduce rapidly and significantly their flow.

The Procedural guarantees laid down in Article 6, European Convention on Human Rights in relation to the fairness and expedition of legal proceedings would be meaningless if the Convention did not protect the right of access to the courts which is a precondition to the enjoyment of those guarantees. As a result, the European Court of Human Rights has laid down the principle that Article 6(1) secures to everyone the right to have any claim relating to his civil rights and obligations brought before a court. The right of access to the courts is not absolute. The Strasbourg case law acknowledges that it may be subject to limitations. Contracting States enjoy a margin of appreciation in this regard. However, national courts must be satisfied that the limitations applied do not restrict or reduce the access left to the individual in such a way or to such an extent that the very essence of the right is impaired. Moreover a limitation will not be compatible with Article 6(1) if it does not pursue a legitimate aim and if there is no reasonable relationship of proportionality between the means employed and the aim sought to be achieved.