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"In the existing reports on national competitiveness and rankings such as IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook and WEF Global Competitiveness Report, there are sizable discrepancies in the ranking order for the same countries. As a result, the reader is often confused because such an outcome creates difficulties for government officials when translating these findings into real-world policies. These discrepancies are actually due to the differences in logic and analytical models used by IMD and WEF. Therefore, in recognizing the problems and limitations of these models, this book presents the IPS model as a new approach. As an extension of Michael Porter's diamond model, it demonstrates a robust set of methodologies as well as offers a number of key policy implications for countries around the world that wish to enhance their national competitiveness. The analytical tools used in this book can be further utilized for other units of analysis such as industries and firms. As this book provides a series of sophisticated methodologies and specific guidelines for enhancing national competitiveness, both academics and practitioners can derive useful implications from this research. Alongside the theoretical frameworks and methodologies for national competitiveness presented in this book, the special theme and focus of this third volume is the fourth industrial revolution and the emerging technologies that are relevant to corporate and national competitiveness. The discussion on the digitalization of business began as early as the 1990s, but emerging technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing have only been a recent trend. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of emerging technologies by both firms and countries. Yet, despite the growing importance of emerging technologies, firms and governments seem to be lagging in effectively integrating them into their operations. To address these challenges, this book explains how emerging technologies have affected firms, industries, and countries. It also welcomes discussion on how firms and countries are responding to the changing environment to enhance their competitiveness through these new technologies"--

We provide new evidence on the effects of economic shocks on political support, voting behaviour and political opinions over the last 25 years. We exploit a sudden, large and long-lasting shock in the form of job loss and trace out its impact on individual political outcomes for up to 10 years after the event. The availability of detailed information on households before and after the job loss event allows us to reweight a comparison group to closely mimic the job losers in terms of their observable characteristics, pre-existing political support and voting behaviour. We find consistent, long-lasting but quantitatively small effects on support and votes for the incumbent party, and short-lived effects on political engagement. We find limited impact on the support for fringe or populist parties. In the context of Brexit, opposition to the EU was much higher amongst those who lost their jobs, but this was largely due to pre-existing differences which were not exacerbated by the job loss event itself.

"Has South Korea accomplished democratic consolidation since the Constitution was revised in 1987? Whereas political freedom has improved, the NSL is generally pointed out as the main obstacle to full freedom but it is not the only one to guarantee respect for human rights. Since full respect for human rights is not guaranteed, democratic consolidation has not been achieved. This book analyzes the issue based on the state of human rights that are an important part of democracy. The starting points are the 1948 UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 1987 South Korean Constitution and the 2001 National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) Act which are empirically tested. Definitions of democratic consolidation are applied. The study first investigates legislation and human rights institutions, including the National Security Law (NSL), the Constitutional Court, the NHRC, adherence to international human rights law and the Universal Periodic Review. Then the impact of inter-Korean relations on human rights are reviewed based on the NSL, dispatches of leaflets across the border and conscientious objectors. Finally, freedom of expression, assembly and association, including the state of sexual minorities, trials of ex-presidents, death penalty, human trafficking and torture are studied"--

Cover -- Contents -- List of illustrations -- Acknowledgements -- Biography -- Introduction -- 1 "If then, why not now?" Blanca Stern (née Schreiber) and Necha (Natalie) Gluck (née Dux) who arrived from Austria, aged eight and ten respectively, in 1938 -- 2 No man's land Duncan Ross who arrived from India, aged eight, in 1956 -- 3 Precious cargo Argun Imamzade who arrived from Cyprus, aged fourteen, in 1964 -- 4 Following mum to the 'motherland' Richard Lue and Roberta who arrived, aged seven and eight respectively, from Jamaica in 1964 -- 5 "I much prefer roasted rat" Maurice Nwokeji who arrived, aged nine, from Nigeria, in 1970 -- 6 The Battle of Brick Lane Six young people who arrived from East Pakistan, subsequently Bangladesh, aged eleven to sixteen, between 1969 and 1973 -- 7 A Pakistani Scot with a Mid-Atlantic drawl Zohra who arrived from Pakistan in 1975 -- 8 Out of her depth Linh Vu who arrived, aged seven, from Vietnam in 1979 -- 9 A child soldier who knew too much Henry Bran who arrived, aged seventeen, from El Salvador in 1981 -- 10 "Caught in a flow of water" Eylem Binboga who arrived, aged twelve, from Turkey in 1987 -- 11 Love of the motherland Ahmed Ali, originally from Somaliland, who arrived, aged eleven, via Djibouti in 2004 -- Said who arrived, aged sixteen, from Somalia in 2012 -- 12 Girl power - finding a talent and following a dream Bilqis who arrived from Yemen as a teenager in 2005 and Nimo Jama who arrived, aged fifteen, from Somaliland, in 2009 -- 13 On her own Mariam who arrived, aged sixteen, from Guinea in 2006 -- 14 "Home is where the love is" Yosef, originally from Eritrea, who arrived aged sixteen, in 2011 -- 15 Seeking sanctuary on a Scottish Island Syrian children who arrived from Lebanon, aged six to sixteen, on the Isle of Bute, Scotland in 2015.