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Jeder Konflikt mit einer Atommacht wie Russland birgt die Gefahr, dass Kernwaffen tatsächlich eingesetzt werden. Sorgen um dieses Risiko macht sich Präsident Wladimir Putin offensiv zunutze. Mit seinen nuklearen Drohungen rückt der Kreml von Russlands bisheriger Doktrin ab, die dem eigenen Atomarsenal eine Schutzrolle zu­schreibt. Moskau will auf diese Weise nicht nur westliche Regierungen davor ab­schre­cken, die Ukraine noch substantieller zu unterstützen, sondern auch die Öffent­lich­keit des Westens einschüchtern. Solange aber die Nato nicht direkt in der Ukraine interveniert und sich das russische Regime nicht existentiell bedroht sieht, bleibt ein beabsichtigter ebenso wie ein unbeabsichtigter Nukleareinsatz extrem unwahrscheinlich. Dessen ungeachtet haben Moskaus Drohmanöver erhebliche Negativfolgen. Ge­lingt es Russland, unter dem Schild nuklearer Abschreckung erfolgreich einen kon­ventionellen Krieg zu führen, könnte dies Europa und die globale Sicherheitsordnung weiter destabilisieren. (Autorenreferat)

THE WORLD FOOD CONFERENCE WAS NOT ONLY AN EXERCISE IN AD HOC MULTILATERAL DIPLOMACY DESIGNED TO MEET THE IMMEDIATE THREATS OF THE FOOD CRISIS; IT WAS ALSO AN ATTEMPT TO REBUILD THE INTERNATIONAL FOOD BUREAUCRACY, EITHER BY REPLACING THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OR BY REFORMING IT. AN EXAMINATION OF THE LEADERSHIP OF THE SECRETARIAT OF THE WORLD FOOD CONFERENCE IS BUREAUCRATIC STUDY.

Food aid has become a contentious issue in recent decades, with sharp disagreements over genetically modified crops, agricultural subsidies, and ways of guaranteeing food security in the face of successive global food crises. In Hunger in the Balance, Jennifer Clapp provides a timely and comprehensive account of the contemporary politics of food aid, explaining the origins and outcomes of recent clashes between donor nations-and between donors and recipients.She identifies fundamental disputes between donors over "tied" food aid, which requires that food be sourced in the donor country, versus "untied" aid, which provides cash to purchase food closer to the source of hunger. These debates have been especially intense between the major food aid donors, particularly the European Union and the United States. Similarly, the EU's rejection of GMO agricultural imports has raised concerns among recipients about accepting GMO foodstuffs from the United States. For the several hundred million people who at present have little choice but to rely on food aid for their daily survival, Clapp concludes, the consequences of these political differences are profound.

The Importance of Witnesses: Where the Documents End --Differences between Common Law and Civil Law Systems in Regard to Witness Examination --Convergence of the Two Systems --The Sources of the Rules of Taking of Evidence in Arbitration --Early Decisions: Which Method of Witness Examination Is the Best (for the Specific Case)? --Direct Examination --Witness Statements --Cross-Examination --Re-examination --Witness Conferencing --Organizing the Hearing --Preparing the Witness.